新编英语教程-4-Unit-1

新编英语教程（第三版）Book4Unit1PAGEPAGE26UnitOneLead-inMovieClipQuotesMovieClipWatchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhatisIngrid’sfirstNewYear’sresolution?Didsheaccomplishit?HerfirstNewYear’sresolutionistoquitherjob.Yes,shedid.WhydidIngridbuythemanforthewholeday?BecauseshewantedhimtohelpmakeherotherNewYear’sresolutionscometruebymidnight.Discussion:WhydoNewYear’sresolutionsrarelywork?Inyouropinion,howcanwesucceedinachievingthem?(Thisisanopenquestion.)Script（FromNewYear’sEve）-Allright.Workingonthoseresolutions,huh?-No.-Okay.IhaveadeliveryhereforMr.JonathanCox.-Doyouworkhere?-No.Iworkforacourier(快递员)service.I’vebeendeliveringpackagestoyouforabout,Idon’tknow,ayearnow.ButIthinkthisismaybethefirsttimeyou’veeverlookedmeintheeye.Howareyoudoing?-Sorry.That’sactuallyanoldresolution.Makemoreeyecontact.-SothosewereNewYear’sresolutions,huh?Lookslikealonglist.Yougottagetonit.-Idon’tknow,maybenextyear.-Whoa.Jeez!Areyouserious?Thatisahotticket.-Really?-It’samazing.Theyhavethebestfood,thebestmusic.Theyhavesomanysinglegirls.Andit’samasquerade（化妆舞会）,soyoudon’tevenhavetoworryabouttheirfaces.Youkindofjust,youknow,useyourimagination.Ifanybodytriestokickyouout,orevenaskswhoyouare,youjuststraight-uplie.Whataretheygonnado?It’sbrilliant.It’slikeFacebook,butreal.-Irememberwhoyouarenow.-Right,exactly.Anyways,Iwouldgivemyleft...Well,maybenextyear.-Ms.Withers?Didyoucallinadeliveryofsomething?-Ingrid.-Ingrid.-Andactually,I’myournextjob.Iboughtyoufortheday.-Boughtmefortheday,huh?Oh,Ms.Withers.IthinkIshouldbeoffended（得罪，冒犯）,butI’mjusttoointrigued（好奇的，被迷住的）.-MyNewYear’sresolutions.Ijusttookcareofthefirstone.-Youquityourjob?Allright.-Ifyoucanmaketherestofthesecometruebymidnight,yougetthese.-Forme?Holyshi...Whoa.Whoa,okay.Putthesedown.Putthesedown.Don’tflashthosearound.Everybodycanseethem.Seriously,Youcalledtherightguy.I’min.LetmeseeNo.Two.Whatisit?Whew.GotoBali.BreakfastatTiffany’s.Youwannasavealife.Areyoukiddingme?It’sphysicallyimpossible.Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’retalkingabout.Allright?Idon’tunderstandwhatyouwantmetodohere.-Useyourimagination.-We’regonnaneedabiggerboat.-Youknow,youdon’thavetositlikethat.Youcanputyourlegsaroundme,oryoucanholdontome.-No,I’mokay.-Allright.-Thisisit.ThisisasclosetotheballdroppingasIcangetyou.Hey,goodluckwiththatlastone,allright?-No.Ifiguredthatwasalongshotgoingin.-Alongshot?Whatareyoutalkingabout?GoingtoBali?Thatwaskindofalongshot.-Let’sgetthisoutofhere,okay?-Man,Idon’tevenknowwhosethisis,bro.I’mjustsaying.-Thanks.Makealistofyourown.Don’twaitaslongasIdid.-Pow,pow,shwing.-Thankyou.Mm.-Goodbye.-Goodbye.-Haveagreattime.-Youtoo.Happynewyear,Ingrid.QuotesReadthefollowingquotesandtellyourclassmateswhichoneisyourfavorite.Stateyourreasons.Sometimesweknowthebestthingtodo,butfailtodoit.Newyear’sresolutionsareoftenlikethat.Wemakeresolutionsbecauseweknowitwouldbebetterforustoloseweight,orgetfit,orspendmoretimewithourchildren.Theproblemisthataresolutionisgenerallyeasiertobreakthanitistokeep.—PeterSingerNoone’severachievedfinancialfitnesswithaJanuaryresolutionthat’sabandonedbyFebruary.—SuzeOrmanIhavenowayofknowinghowpeoplereallyfeel,butthevastmajorityofthoseImeetcouldn’tbenicer.Everyonceinawhilesomeonebarksatme.MyNewYear’sresolutionisnottobarkback.—TuckerCarlsonMyNewYear’sResolutionListusuallystartswiththedesiretolosebetweentenandthreethousandpounds.—NiaVardalosIfyouaskedmeformyNewYearResolution,itwouldbetofindoutwhoIam.—CyrilCusackMayallyourtroubleslastaslongasyourNewYear’sresolutions.—JoeyAdamsIthinkintermsoftheday’sresolutions,nottheyears’.—HenryMooreMakingresolutionsisacleansingritualofselfassessmentandrepentancethatdemandspersonalhonestyand,ultimately,reinforceshumility.Breakingthemispartofthecycle.—EricZornImadenoresolutionsfortheNewYear.Thehabitofmakingplans,ofcriticizing,sanctioningandmoldingmylife,istoomuchofadailyeventforme.—AnaïsNinTextTextIPre-ReadingQuestionsGeneralReadingBackgroundNotesTextCommentsontheTextExercisesTextIITextComprehensionTextIPre-ReadingQuestionsTheheroofthestory,whoismarriedandhasfourchildren,istalkingabouthisNewYear’sResolutioninthetext.Inthefirstparagraph,hesays“Thisyearit’sgoingtobedifferent”.Whydoeshesayso?Whatsortofresolutionsdidhemakeinthepreviousyears?HowdohisNewYear’sresolutionsforthisyeardifferfrompreviousones?Makeafewguesses.Foryourreference:WhenapersonmakesNewYear’sresolutions,hemakesuphismindtodoornottodocertainthingsinthecomingyear.Ofcourse,differentpeoplemakedifferentNewYear’sresolutions.Forexample,astudentmaydecidetoworkharderathisstudiesandnotgotothecinemasooften;ateachermaydecidetoimprovehis/herteaching;aheavysmokermaydecidetostopsmokingaltogether.SomepeoplemaybeabletocarryouttheirNewYear’sresolutions,butsomemaynot.Formostpeople,it’softeneasiertomakeNewYear’sresolutionsthantocarrythemout.GeneralReadingYouaregivenfiveminutestoreadthetextrapidlyoncetogetthemainidea.Nowdecidewhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupthemainidea.Putatickbyit.__1.SomeofhisfamilymemberswerepleasedwhileotherswerenotwhenthewritertriedtopleaseeverybodyinthefamilyonNewYear’sDay.__2.Thewritertriedtobeabetterhusbandandabetterfatherinthenewyear,andhisfamilymembersappreciatedthis.√3.ThewritercarriedouthisNewYear’sresolutionsfaithfullytoimprovehimself,buttheresultsallwentcontrarytohisexpectations.Key（点击答案按钮，上述第三句前面横线上出现√）BackgroundNotes(1)escapement（卡子，擒纵机）Anescapementisadevicein\o"Mechanicalwatches"mechanicalwatchesand\o"Clocks"clocksthattransfersenergytothetimekeepingelementandallowsthenumberofits\o"Oscillation"oscillations（振荡，振动）tobecounted.Theescapementisdrivenbyforcefromacoiled卷\o"Spring(device)"spring弹簧orasuspended悬挂暂停weight,transmittedthroughthetimepiece’s时钟座钟gear齿轮排挡train.Theamountofstoredenergy,energylossandefficiencyoftransfertothetimekeepingelementdeterminesthetimeaclockwillrunafterithasbeenwound.(2)smalltalkSmalltalkismeaninglessconversationintermsofcontent,butisoftenseenassociallyimportantincertainsituations,orcontext.InmanyEnglish-speakingcountries,itcanbeviewedasrudeorunfriendlynottoparticipateinit.Non-personalcommentsaboutnon-controversialsubjectsareusuallyconsideredasappropriateforthistypeofconversation.TextThisYearIt’sGoingtoBeDifferent(1)NewYear’sresolutionsarelikeanythingelse—yougetoutofthemwhatyouputin.Judgingfromresultsofotheryears,Ihadneverputenoughin,butthisyearwasgoingtobedifferent.Ireadbooksonself-improvementbeforeIwrotemylist.Findsomebeautyineverything....Maketheotherfellowfeelimportant....Aboutthirtylikethat.Prettyclearly,(2)anyonewhofollowedmycollectionofruleswouldbeblessedwitharicherlife,(1)boundless无穷的无限的lovefromhisfamily,andtheadmirationofthecommunity.IcouldhardlywaituntilNewYear’sDay.WhenIcamedownstairsMaggie,mywife,wasatthekitchensink水池.I(2)tiptoedover踮着脚尖走andkissedheronthebackoftheneck.(ResolutionNo.1:Be(3)spontaneous自发的无意识的自然的inshowingaffection.)She(4)shrieked尖叫anddroppedacup.“Don’tever(5)sneakup悄悄来临鬼鬼祟祟onmelikethatagain!”shecried.“You’relookinglovelythismorning,”Isaid.(Asincere(6)compliment称赞恭维isworthitsweightingold.)(3)“Look,”shesaid,“itwasn’tmyideatostayoutuntilfoura.m.”Itooksomeaspirinandcoffeeintothelivingroom.I’djuststartedreadingthepaperwhenSammy,ourfive-year-old,camein.Hewaswearingthewatchhe’dreceivedforChristmas.(4)“Say,Dad,”hesaid,“whatmakesawatchrun?”IntheolddaysIwouldhavetoldhimtoaskhismother.Instead,Igotapencilanddrewa(7)sketch草图素描oftheescapement(8)mechanism结构机械装置机能.(Alwaysencourageyourchild’scuriosity.)Ittookaboutfifteenminutes,andSammywanderedoffseveraltimes,butIkeptcallinghimback.“There,”Isaid,“that’swhatmakesyourwatchrun.”(5)“Thenhowcomeitdoesn’t?”heasked.HisbrotherRoywalkedby.“Youhavetowind上发条it,”saidRoy.Sammywounditandheldittohisear.Hesmiled.“Roysureissmart,”hesaid.OurdaughterGretchencameinwithherdoll,Mrs.Robinson.“Goodmorning,Gretchen,”Isaid.“HappyNewYear,Mrs.Robinson.”(Meetyourchildathisownlevel.)(6)“Itisn’teitherhappy,”saidGretchen.“Mrs.Robinsonissick.Probablyacoronary冠状动脉血栓形成.”“Whydon’tyoutakehertoseeDr.Sammy?”Isuggested.“Hecanusehisnewdoctor’skit.”Thephonerang,andIansweredit.ItwasafriendofourdaughterKit.“HappyNewYear,Marilyn,”Isaid.“Whathaveyoubeendoingovertheholidays?”(Showaninterestinyourchildren’sfriends.)Shesaidshehadn’tbeendoinganythingmuch.“(7)Comenow,aprettygirllikeyou,”Isaid(9)jovially—(8)“I’llbetthefellowsare(10)swarming蜂群挤满涌往around.…What’sthat?Yes,ofcourseyoucanspeaktoKit.Certainly.”Kitwasinherroomwiththerecordplayergoingveryloud,I(11)rapped敲击onthedoor.Shecalledoutsomething,andIwentin.Shewasinherpajamas睡衣裤.“Ididn’tsayyoucouldcomein!”she(12)yelled,grabbing抓住arobe睡袍andholdingitinfrontofher.Atfourteen,shehasbecomeextremelyawareofbeingfemale.“I’msorry.Icouldn’tunderstandyou,”Isaidapologetically.Toeasethesituation,Ipickedupher(13)brand-new全新的sweater毛衣运动衫fromthefloorandputitoverachair.“Iwasgoingtopickitup,”shesaiddefensively,“Youdon’talwaysputyourthingsaway.”Therewasaseriesofshrieksdownthehall.IfoundGretchenintears.RoyandSammywereabouttoperformopen-heartsurgery外科手术onMrs.Robinsonwithascou搜索侦察跟踪tknife.“ShetoldusMrs.Robinsonwassick,”Roysaid.(9)Isuggestedthattheycarve切雕somethingfortheirmother—likeasaladspoon.(Encouragecreativityintheyoung.)Inthekitchen,MaggiewantedtoknowwhatwaswrongwithGretchen.“Mrs.Robinsonhadacoronary,”Itoldher.“Iknowyou’renotfeelingyourbestafterlastnight,”shesaid,“butI’mgettingalittletiredofthesesmartremarks.Wouldyoumindtakingthegarbageout?”“I’dbehappyto,”Isaid.(Themost(14)trivial琐碎的平常的(15)chore零星工作令人讨厌的工作canproverewardingifapproachedwith(16)zest热情兴趣.)“Doyouhavetobeso(17)sarcastic讽刺的挖苦的?”shesaid.Itseemedthatmyresolutionsweren’tworkingthewaythebookshadsaid.Ididn’tquit,though.Ihelpedtheboysbuildasnowman—onlySammygothisfeetwetandRoylosthismittens露指手套andtheywentinside.Iplayedjacks玩游戏withGretchen,butshesaidIdidn’tdoitright.I(18)struckup开始aconversationwithKit,tryingtoestablishsomekindof(19)rapport友好关系融洽和谐.Itouchedonhippies,popmusic,dating,(20)moralityandsoon.Shecontributedverylittle.Anybodyelse(10)wouldhavethrowninthesponge,butIkepttrying.Forexample,Maggiealways(21)dreads害怕担心takingdown拿取theChristmastree,soIthoughtI’ddoitforher.(Takeover接管帮忙oneofyourwife’schores,she’llloveyouforit.)IwasabouttwothirdsdonewhenMaggiecamein.“Oh,no!”shecried.“Iwanteditleftupforthepartytonight.Can’tyoujustsitandwatchafootballgame,please?It’swhatyouusuallydoonNewYear’s.”“Thisyearisdifferent,”Isaid.“Yes,isn’tit?”Sheshookherhead.“IswearIdon’tknow.Thekidshavebeenimpossibleallday.Ifoundtheboys(22)whittling切削onmybestsaladspoon,andthen(12)theyhadthenervetosayyousuggestedit.AndKithasbeen(12)inapoisonousmood.ShesaidthatMarilynphonedandyoudidn’ttellher.Andthatyou(23)cross-examined盘问Marilynaboutherboyfriends.”(13)“Holdit!”Isaid.“Iwasonlymakingsmalltalk.”Bynowthekidswereintheroom,drawnbythecommotion混乱喧闹.“Youneverbotheredwithsmalltalkbefore.Whystartnow?”“Becauseit’sNewYear’s,”Isaid.Iexplainedtotheassembledgatheringaboutthebooks andtheresolutionsandwhatI’dbeentryingtoaccomplish.Silence.Thekidsstoodtherelookinguneasilyateachother.“Amanwantstoimprovehimself,”Isaid.“Hewantstobeabetterhusband,abetterfather—”“Weallwanttobebetter,”Maggiesaid.“Exceptthatwhenyou’resoconsiderateitdoesn’tseemnatural.(14)Ifthekidsdosomethingandyougetmad,theyknowwheretheystand.Butwhenyou’reso(24)even-tempered性情平和的沉重的稳重的—”“Yeah,”Kitsaid.“Youdidn’tsayawordaboutmyclothesonthefloor.Youjustsmiled.(15)Itmademesick.”Roysaid,“(16)Ibeeninmoretroubletoday.…”Gretchensaid,“Ithinkitwasbetterwhenyoudidn’tplayjacks.”“(17)Andyelled,”Sammysaid,“andsaid‘damitall（damnitall口语表达愤怒的方式）’.”“Allright,”I(25)snarled咆哮吠,“Imakeeveryefforttobeagoodfather,andthisisthethanksIget.Thefactis,youdon’tdeservethefatheryou’vegot.”Iwasillustrating说明表明mypointswithgestures.“You’retheoneswho’dbetterstartmakingresolutions.Likedoingyourhomework,cleaningyourrooms,(18)lettingthespoonsalone.AndwhenItellyoutodosomething,(19)jump!”IreachedouttosteadyalampIhadbrushedwithmysleeve.“Furthermore—”Atthismoment,Irealizedsuddenlythattheatmospherehadchanged.Thekidsweresprawled四肢伸展坐着onthefloor,relaxed.IturnedtoMaggie.“Whyiseverybodysmiling?What’sthebigjoke?”“Nojoke,”shesaid.“We’rejusthappytohaveyoubackagain.”Wordsandphrases:(点击文中红色单词或词组，出现该红色部分及e.g.字样，再单击e.g.，出现例句)(1)boundless:a.havingnolimitorende.g.Haveyoueverexperiencedatimeinyourlifewhenyouhaveboundlessenergy?TheInternetoccupieslittlespaceandhasaboundlessstoringcapacity.(2)tiptoe:v.walkquietlyandcarefullyonyourtoes,sothatnobodyhearsyoue.g.Hetiptoedquietlyaroundthehousetoavoidwakingthechildren.TheconstitutionalrighttobeararmsisseenbymanyAmericansassetinstone,andevenaftermassshootings,politicianshavetiptoedaroundspecificsteps.(3)spontaneous:a.notplannedororganized,buthappeningbyitself,self-generatede.g.Bothsidesburstintospontaneouscheersatthemagician’sskillfultricks.Theactivitiesmaybespontaneousoratthesuggestionoftheteacher.(4)shriek:v.makeaveryhighloudsound,especiallybecauseoneisafraid,angry,excited,orinpaine.g.Everyoneisshriekingwithexcitementandjumpingupanddown.Peoplesometimesshriekbecauseofterror,anger,orpain.(5)sneak:v.gosomewheresecretlyandquietlyinordertoavoidbeingseenorhearde.g.Howdidyousneakoffinthemiddleofthemeetingwithoutbeingnoticed?Hissongrabbedhisrunningshoesandsneakedoutthismorning.(6)compliment:n.aremarkthatshowsoneadmiressomeoneorsomethinge.g.Receivingacomplimentcanleadtoagreatfriendshiporhelpadaybebetter.Theyhavediscoveredthatthesameareaofthebrainisactivatedwhenapersonisrewardedacomplimentorcash.(7)sketch:n.asimple,quickly-madedrawingthatdoesnotshowmuchdetaile.g.Thesketchshouldbecenteredhorizontallyonthecanvas.Withthisprogramyoucangetnotjustblackandwhitesketch,butacolorpicture.(8)mechanism:n.partofamachineorasetofpartsthatdoesaparticularjobe.g.Removingthehandsfromabattery-operatedclockmechanismisaneasyjobthatrequiresnospecialtools.Aregenerativebrakeisanenergyrecoverymechanismwhichslowsavehicleorobjectdownbyconvertingitskineticenergyintoanotherform.(9)jovially:adj.happilye.g.Healsoresumedsmoking,joviallyaskinganinterviewerwhathewoulddoifheonlyhadamonthtolive.Thegirlwasfeelingveryinsignificantwhensheheardsomeonelaughingjoviallybehindher.(10)swarm:v.gotoaplaceasalarge,uncontrolledgroupe.g.Bymiddayskierswillswarmovertheslopesofthispopularwinterresort.ThepassionatestudentsswarmintotheauditoriumtoattendalecturebythecelebratedprofessorofCambrid(11)rap:v.hitorknocksomethingquicklyseveraltimese.g.Herappedsharplyonhisson’sheadwithhisknuckles.Heshoutedandrappedwithhiswalkingstickonthedoor.(12)yell:v.shoutorsaysomethingveryloudly,especiallybecauseoneisfrightened,angry,orexcitede.g.Ifyouaskchildrenhowtheyfeelaboutbeingyelledat,theywillalltellyoutheydon’tlikeit.Heyelledoutthewronganswerinclassandnowhelookslikeamoron. (13)brand-new:a.newandnotyetusede.g.Wavinginthedayofsnow,wegreetedabrand-newyearagain.Moreimportantly,userswillenjoyabrand-newexperiencewhileinteractingtogetheronthemulti-touchtable.(14)trivial:a.notserious,important,orvaluablee.g.Pleasedon’tomitanydetails,nomatterhowtrivialtheymayseem.Cooldown!There’snoneedtoloseyourtemperoversuchatrivialmatter.(15)chore:n.atasksuchascleaning,washing,andironingthathastobedoneregularlyathome;somethingonehastodothatisveryboringandunpleasante.g.Thecaloriesburnedwhileyou’redoinghouseholdchorescanreallyaddup.It’sarealchoreformetowriteabookreviewbecauseit’slikeacontest.(16)zest:n.eagerinterestandenjoymente.g.Romanceinitsbroadermeaningreferstoazestforlife.Aleadermusthavezestifpeoplearetofollowhimandachievethecorporatemission.(17)sarcastic:a.sayingordoingthingsthataretheoppositeofwhatonemeans,inordertomakeanunkindjokeortoshowthatheorsheisannoyede.g.Thestatetrooperwasobviouslybeingsarcasticwhenheaskedifmyspeedometerwasworking.Idon’talwayssendasarcastictext—butwhenIdo,itgetscompletelymisinterpreted.(18)strikeupaconversationwith:starttalkingwithe.g.Istruckupaconversationwiththegirlsittingnexttome.Allofthemfinditdifficulttostrikeupaconversationwithastranger.(19)rapport:n.afriendlyrelationshipofmutualunderstandingortrustandagreementbetweenpeoplee.g.Buildingrapportisimportantininterpersonalrelationships.Healwaystriedtomaintainarapportwithhiscustomers.(20)morality:n.beliefsorideasaboutwhatisrightandwrongandabouthowpeopleshouldbehavee.g.Thetraditionalcultureandmoralitygoesdowngenerationbygeneration.Wisdomwithoutmoralityislikearingwithoutagem.(21)dread:v.feelanxiousorworriedaboutsomethingthatisgoingtohappenormayhappene.g.HewaslateforhisEnglishlessonthatmorningashedreadedhavingtospeakinpublic.Haveyoueverdreadedaconversationwithaco-worker,abossorevenaclient?(22)whittle:v.cutapieceofwoodintoaparticularshapebycuttingoffsmallpieceswithaknife;graduallymakesomethingsmallerbytakingpartsawaye.g.Makethisplugsmallerforme,butdonotwhittleawaytoomuchwood.Yourarticleistoolong,trytowhittleitawaytohalfitslength.(23)cross-examine:v.asksomeonequestionsaboutsomethingthattheyhavejustsaid,toseeiftheyaretellingthetruth,especiallyinacourtoflawe.g.Beforeyoucross-examineawitnessyouneedtoconsiderwhethertheevidencetheyhaveprovidedinchiefisharmfultoyourcase.Underthecommonlaw,apartycannotcross-examineitsownwitnessunlessthewitnessisdeclaredhostile.(24)even-tempered:a.calmandnoteasilyirritatede.g.Dr.Patdiscusseswhyanormallyeven-temperedpre-teenmaybecomemoodyorperhapsdepressed.Aneven-tempereddogisawelcomeadditiontoafamily.(25)snarl:v.speakorsaysomethinginanasty,angrywaye.g.“Shutup,”hesnarled.Thedrunksnarledatthesecurityguardwhotoldhimtoleavethearea.Notes（点击文中蓝色字体，出现该内容，再点击，出现下面的注释内容）NewYear’sresolutionsomethingonemakesupone’smindtodoatthebeginningofanewyearinordertobeanddobetterintheyearaheadanyone…wouldbeblessedwitharicherlife…anyone…wouldbeluckyenoughtohaveaninterestingandeventfullife…Theliteralmeaningofblessis“askGod’sfavourorprotectionfor”.Example:Thepriestblessedthepeopleintheparish.Beblessedwith,however,onlymeans“havesomethingsuchasanability,agoodquality,whichisadmiredorwhichisanadvantagetoaperson.”Moreexamples:Myeighty-year-oldgrandmotherisblessedwithgoodhealth.Hisbrotherisblessedwithaninquisitivemind.“Look,”shesaid,“itwasn’tmyidea…”Lookinthiscontextisaninterjectionwhichisusedforemphasizingapointbeforemakingastatement,oftenwhenoneisangry.Sometimeslookhereisusedtoexpressthesamemeaningandfeeling.Moreexamples:Look,Idon’tmindyouropeningthewindow,butyoushouldn’tletthechildsitinthedraught.Lookhere,whereareyourmanners?Howcanyoutalktoyourgrandmotherlikethat?“Say,Dad,”hesaid,“whatmakesawatchrun?”SayusedinthiswayisanAmericanism.Itisusedtoattractattentionortoexpresssurprise.Moreexamples:Say,howcomeyou’rehere!Say,whatmakesthelidofthekettlegoupwhenthewater’sboiling?Thenhowcomeitdoesn’t?Thenwhydoesn’titrun?Howcomeisinformallyusedtoask“howdoes/didithappen(that)…?”or“why…?”Moreexamples:Howcomemanyvegetables,suchascucumbers,tomatoesandgreenpeppers,arestillingoodsupplythesedaysdespitetherecentdownpour?“HowcomesomanyforeignvisitorswenttoHarbinlastwinter?”“Becauseoftheannualicefestivalheldthere.Manyoverseastouristswantedtoseethefamousicesculpturesthere.”Itisn’teitherhappy.Thenormalorderofthesentenceis:Itisn’thappy,either.Thisischildtalk,meaning“It’sreallyunhappy.”comenowThisisanexpressionusedtoencouragethepersonspokento,orpersuade/convincehimorher.Itmayalsoexpressirritationorimpatience.Moreexamples:Comenow,youcandoityourself.Comenow,ofcourseyoucancometothelecture.I’llbetthefellowsareswarmingaround.I’msuremanyyoungmenareafteryou.Theliteralmeaningofbetis“risk(money)ontheresultofafutureevent”(打赌).Example:Hebettedhisfriend$100thatTeamAwoulddefeatTeamBinthesemi-final.

Butwheninformallyused,betmeans“becertainthatsomethingwillhappen”.Examples:Ibetit’llclearuptomorrowjustforthefootballgame.I’llbetouralumniget-togetherwillbeagreatsuccess.Youbetisusedinformallyasanemphaticwayofsaying“yes”.Example:“AreyoucomingtothefarewellpartyforMrs.Thomson?”“Youbet.”(＝Certainly.)Isuggestedthattheycarvesomethingfortheirmother—likeasaladspoon.Isuggestedthattheyshouldcarvesomethingfortheirmother,forexample,asaladspoon,usingthescoutknife.Carveisinthesubjunctive.Asubjunctiveverbisoftenusedinthethat-clauseaftersuchverbsassuggest,request,insist,recommend,etc.ThisuseofthesubjunctiveismainlyAmericanEnglish.InBritishEnglish,should＋verbisusedinthethat-clause.Example:HeinsistedthatTomshouldgoalone.saladspoon—abigwoodenorplasticspoonusedtoserveormixadishofcold,slicedvegetablessuchaslettuce,cucumberandtomatoseasonedwithoilwouldhavethrowninthespongewouldhaveadmitteddefeatandgivenupdoing…theyhadthenervetosayyousuggesteditTheywererudeenoughtosaythat…Theliteralmeaningofnerveis神经,buthavethenervetodosomethingmeans“shockorangersomeonebydoingsomethingrudeordisrespectful”.Example:Howcouldshehavethenervetosaysuchathinginpublic!Nervemayalsomean“courage,determination,andself-control”.Examples:Ihadn’tthenervetospeakbeforesomanypeople.Whatanerve!means“Whatimpudence!Howrudeofyou!”inapoisonousmoodinaverybadtemper“Holdit!”Isaid,“Iwasonlymakingsmalltalk.”“Stoptalking!”Isaid,“Iwasonlytalkingaboutunimportantmatters.”“住嘴！”我说，“我不过在跟她闲聊。”holdit—stopsomethingoneisdoing.Thisshortsentenceisusuallyusedasacommand.Anotherexample:Thespaceshuttlewasabouttobelaunchedintospacewhenfromthecontroltowercametheorder,“Holdit!”If…yougetmad,theyknowwheretheystand.Ifyoubecomeangry,theyknowtheyarewrong.Itmademesick.Itmademedisgusted.Itannoyedme.Ibeeninmoretroubletoday.I’vebeeninmoretroubletodaythananyotherday.Theauxiliaryhaveisleftoutinthissentencebecauseitwassaidbyachild.“Andyelled,”Sammysaid,“andsaid‘damitall’.”ThisisacontinuationofwhatGretchensaidamomentago.SoSammywassaying“Ithinkitwasbetterwhenyouyelledandsaid‘damitall’.”damitall—Damnitall.Thisexpressionisusedtoexpressstronganger,annoyanceorimpatience.lettingthespoonsalonenotdoinganythingtothespoonsjumphurryupanddoitCommentsontheTextAlight,humorouspieceofwriting:ThewritergivesusavividaccountofhowhisNewYear’sresolutions,perfectastheyseemed,endedintotalfailure.Thisnarrativeisadelighttoreadbecauseofitslighttouchofhumourthroughout.Waysthewriterusestomakehisnarrationsuccessful,interestingandentertaining:1.Thenarrativeisstrikinglyconversationalintoneandthewriter’sstyleislively,unaffected,idiomaticandstraightforward.Further,thetalkisfilledwithcolloquialisms,makingitinformalandentertaining.2.ThereisastrikingcontrastbetweentheinformalcolloquialEnglishusedinconversationandtheformal,rigidEnglishfoundinthewriter’slistofresolutionsonself-improvement,throughwhichthewritersucceedsingivingthereadertheimpressionthatheismakinghimselfalaughingstockbycarryingouthisresolutions.3.Thewriterusesseveralexamplesofexaggerationtocreatecomiceffectandinduceamusement.4.Toechotheintroduction,heusesafin