初中英语笔记(精华版)

初中英语笔记大全（精华版）Thisisthekeytothedoor.这是开门的钥匙。sb.call|电话号码、sth.at电话号码callsb.=phonesb.=ringsb.upfamily指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is"，family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。of表示无生命物体的所有格，s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用。f,但有生命物体后要加“s”。以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。What’syourname,please?=Couldyoutellmeyourname,please?=MayIhaveyourname,please?Nicetomeetyou.=Gladtomeetyou.=Pleasedtomeetyou.写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：hereisasetofkeysherearetwosetsofkeysgettosomewhere（gethome除外）到达 have（有生命物体的“有”）thereis（无生命物体的“有”）肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+丫原型+……否定：Don’tlet+宾语+丫原型+……/Let+宾语+not+V原型+……have表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“haven't"。Let's （include说话的人和听话的人）问：shallwe?Letus （不include听话的人）问：willyou?•联系动词be动词+adj.作表语感官动词look看sound听smell闻taste尝fell触•反身代词：myself（我自己）yourself（你自己）himself（他自己）herself（她自己）itself（它自己）ourselves（我们自己）yourselves（你们自己）themselves（他们自己）•Howmuch+be+商品？（答：It’s/They′re ）=Whatisthepriceof ?（答：It's……）cent美分Onedollar=100centsother(两者中的另一个)another(三者中的另一个)越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：bigbluehat帮助某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.helpsb.withsth.withthehelp(n.)ofsb.e.g.Hestudiesmathwell,withthehelpofteacher.一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+……CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?=(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?•welcomea.受欢迎的v.欢迎n.欢迎getawarmwelcome得到热烈欢迎be动词不加动词原形"hundred，thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundredsof上百thousandsof上千buysth.forsb.=buysb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物anybody在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。for表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。•each强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体TherearemanytreesoneachsideoftheroadTherearemanytreesonbothsidesoftheroad•thepriceislow(high)价格低(高)•也also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either放在句末（疑问句、否定句）too放在句末（肯定句）•onacoldmorning在一个寒冷的早晨•when ?答不用具体时间whattime…？答要用具体时间比赛contest和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛• 持续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.•akindof一种manykindof许多种allkindsof各种各样•kindof……有几分……如：Theelephantsarekindofcute.含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：Shedoesn'tthinktheyareboring.（她认为他们不无聊）问：Howareyou？答：I'mfine.（我很好。）/Justsoso.（一般般。）表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Twodollarsisenough（足够）。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper/‘peips/（pa为开音节）member/‘membs/（mem为闭音节）happy/’h&pi/（hap为闭音节）sorry/‘sori/（sor为闭音节）certainly/‘ss：tnil/Iamsorry.Ican‘tgowithyou.（对不起。我不能和你一起去。）Thanks./Thankyou./Thankyouverymuch./Thankalot./Manythanks.Youarewelcome./That‘sOK./That‘sallright.It‘smypleasure./Withpleasure.（这是我的荣幸。）makefriendwithsb.（和……交朋友）Thanksfor+n./v.ing=Thankssb.for+n./v.ingbelow在 下方（非正下方）反义词：above在……上面（非正上方，没有接触面）under在 下面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在……上面（正上方）keep+sth.+adj.使某物保持某状态。keep+adj.保持某状态。表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。•问：Let 答：0工/Allright./That'sagoodidea./Thatsoundsgood./Sorry.sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。play+the+乐器Erhu除外be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。begoodwithsb.=getonwellwithsb.与某人相处的很好问：HowoftendoesRickrunonweekend?答：Rickusuallyrunsonweekend.•频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。感叹句：What+（a/an）+adj.+n.+（主）+（谓）！如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!How+adj./adv.+（主）+（谓）！如：Howbeautifultheflowersare!Canyouthinkwhathisjobis?含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。Starttodosth.开始做某事befamousfor 因 出名•忙于某事bebusydoingsth.bebusywithsth.“甘l甘圭HE技bestrictwithsb.对某人某事严格bestrictinsth./doingsth.•for+时间段……做某事持续多久问：Howlongdoyouhavevolleyball?答：Ihavevolleyballfortwohours.asksb.somequestions.问某人一些问题asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事no=notanybecause不和so同时使用，although（尽管）不和but同时使用。•little修饰不可数名词几乎没有（否定）alittle有一些（肯定）few修饰可数名词几乎没有（否定）afew有一些（肯定）either：两者中的任何一个都行。neither：两者中的任何一个都不。用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can't或must/mustn’t;用“can”提问的句子回答用can/can’t;用“must”提问的句子回答用need/needn't.如：1.MayIparkmycarhere?Yes,youcan/must./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.CanIwatchTV?Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.MustIcleantheclassroomthismorning?Yes,youneed./No,youneedn’t.beafraidofdoingsth./beafraidofsth.害怕做某事/某物befondof=likemakeacontinuationtosth.对……有贡献dowellin=begoodat擅长……比较级+and+比较级越来越……giveback=return归还法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和Japanese单复数同形intheworld在世界上allovertheworld/aroundtheworld/thewholeword全世界intheschool在学校里inschool在学校学习

outside在 外面outsidethegatetothepark在公园门外turning转角godown+……沿着……路走gostraightdown+……沿着……路直走enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事takeawalk=goforawalk=haveawalkthebeginningof……的开始atthebeginningof强调在……开始的那一刻inthebeginning起初，一开始fromthebeginning开始时frombeginningtoend从开始到结束visit+地点、参观某地avisitto+地点、参观某地havefundoingsth.做……很开心地点+isagreatplacetodosth.……是一个做……的地方bebusywithsth.忙于某事thewayto……去……的路onthewayto+地点在去……的路上onone’swayto+地点某人在去……的路上onmywaytohome在我回家的路上passst'tosb"把某物递给某人passsb.sth.J. .1+in+大地方arrives〔+at+小地方arriveatschool到达学校＜gettoschoolreachschool主语+hope(that)+从句主语+hope+todosth.liveon……靠……为生［主语为物Ittakessb.+时间、金钱+to.dosth.做某事要花某人多少takes1时间、金钱花费＜spend主语为人花费＜spend主语为人spend+时间、金钱主语为物+onsth./(in)doingsth.costpayQ语为人(强调金钱)Thisbookcostsme3yuan.pay金钱tosb.forsth.为了某物付钱给某人pay金钱tosb.=paysb.金钱paysb.付钱给某人paysb.between两者之间among三者或三者以上之间'across指在表面穿过、有接触面<through指从内部穿过ove能从上空穿过、没有接触面Whynotdosth.？表建议：为什么不做 呢？Whydon'tyoudosth.?表疑问：你为什么不要 ？because+句子because+名词/名词短语/代词Ididn'tgotoschoolIdidn'tgotoschoolbecauseIwasill.becauseoftheillness.>+n.>+n.•

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•••••••••••kindof+adj.akindofmanykindsofallkindsof如：Peoplelikethiskindofanimals,becausethey'rekindofcute.inthesouthof在……南部asleep睡着的adj.fallasleep入睡beasleep正睡着befriendlytosb.对某人友好don’tforgettodosth.不要忘记做某事tellsb.todosth.叫某人去做某事tellsb.nottodosth.叫某人不去做某事stoptodosth.停下正在做的，去做某事stopdoingsth.停下正在做的是介词+doingsth.wouldliketodosth.想要做某事Whichplacedoyoulivein=Wheredoyoulive?Isn'thecute?否定疑问句Samwantstoplaybasketball,doesn'the?翻译疑问句Whynotdosth.?=Whydon'tyoudosth.?practicedoingsth.练习做某事usesth.todosth.比较级中的代词用that，如：ThemapofBeijingisbetterthanthatofTianjin.saidtooneself自言自语becarefulnottodosth.小心别做某事doone'sbest尽某人的全力, 由［卅钻［bemadeof看得出原材料的由……制作的1 *丁Ibemakefrom看不出原材料的

besatisfiedwith 对 满意befullof满是 . [inthefrontof在内部的前面<infrontof在外部的前面条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：We'llhaveasportsmeetingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.It's（形式主语）+adj.+（forsb.）+todosth.（主语）做某事怎么样。如：1='$importantforhimtoplaythepiano.弹钢琴对他很重要。It's+adj.+ofsb.todosth. （adj.应为sb.的本身性质）如：1='$kindofyoutohelpme.你帮助了我，你真好。goacrossthebridge过桥in+时间段（将来时）多久后•在……之后，多久之后after•在……之后，多久之后Whatdoesshedo?=What'sshe?=What'sherjob?[work（UN）•Ijob（CN）givesb.sth.givesth.tosb.给某人某物（givesb.sth.givesth.tosb.给某人某物（sth.直接宾语sb.间接宾语）getsth.fromsb从某人那里得到某物[wear穿的状态Iputon穿上talkto/withsb.与某人交谈[beindanger处于危险中Ibeoutofdanger脱离危险beout外出[asksb.sth问某人某事<asksb.todosthW某人做某事waitress女服务员[workwithsb.与某人工作<workwithsth.工作与某物有关belatefor 做 迟到了needsth.需要某物.need（实义动词）＜needtodosth.需要做某事needdoing需要被 如：Theflowersneedwatering.花需要被浇水。learnbyoneself=teachoneself自学. 卜eachsb.sth.教某人某事Iteachsb.todosth.教某人去做某事watch长时间的看壬see强调看的结果看<look强调看的过程、动作read阅读showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.lately最近seesb.doingsth看到某人正做某事<waittodosth.等待做某事cawtwaittodosth.迫不及待地想要做某事thanksfor+n./动名词表语一般放在be动词后，定语一般放在名词前。bewithsb.与某人在一起[everyone指人=everybody|everyone可以指人，也可以指物描述头发：漂亮+长短+形状+颜色描述人的长相：have/has+ hair /eyes/ears/mouth/nose is /am/are+tall/short/thin/heavy/good-looking/ofmediumheight……strong的反义词：weak虚弱的lovetodosth.喜爱做某事wear用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：MissLiiswearinganewdresstoday.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。popular流行；受欢迎的pop流行'good-looking外在美（指男性或女性）beautiful外在美或内在美（指女性或物）<ordinary-looking相貌平平ugly-looking相貌不好看的；相貌丑的handsome漂亮；英俊kindof=alittlebit+adj./adv.=alittlebitof+n.'tellsb.joke给某人讲笑话vmakeajokewithsb.和某人开玩笑Don'tmakesuchkindofjokeswithothers别和别人开这种玩笑

多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词(the；a……)—数词—描绘词—(大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色)—出处—材料性质、类别—名词—asmallroundtable.如：<afamousGermanmedicalschool.anexpensiveJapanesesportscar.rememberodosth.记得去做某事\rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事[-Whocleanedtheclassroom？•-Thestudentsdid.‘特别喜欢：叫……alot/verymUch《有一点喜欢：like alittle一点都不喜欢：(doesn't)don'tlike atalloutgoing外向的Whatfineweatheritis！=Howfinetheweatheris！「sth.wouldlike\+todosth.+sb.todosth.Wouldyoulikesth.？Yes，please./No，thanks.Wouldyouliketodosth.？Yes，I,dliketo./I,dliketo，butI roundtheworld全世界junkfood垃圾食物makeareasontodosth.为做某事编一个理由<givethereasonforsth. ，人,心士八，心上,吕 卜给出某事/做某事的理由givethereasonfordoingsth.如：givemeyourreasonsforbeinglate.beonavisit(n.)to……=visit(v.)……stay+adj.保持……practise(v.)=practice<practice(v.)+n./pron./doingsth.practice(n.)(没有practise)如：Practicemakesperfect熟能生巧在山顶上onthetopofthemountain〈在半山腰halfwayupthemountain在山脚下atthefootofthemountainbeangrywithsb.Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.做某事花某人多少时间r ।人小、fonsth.人+spend+时间/金钱+（[（in）doingsth.[forsth.〈人+P咏b.+金钱物+cost+sb.+钱mostof 中的大多数,1z,dosth.（看见经常做或做过）.watchsb./sth.+< 一,,,doingsth.（看见正在做）todosth.Itistime<forsth.forsb.todosth.Hedoesn'twanttodoanything.=Hewantstodonothing.Helponeselftosth.受 欢迎playajokeonsb.和某人开玩笑dresssb.为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及其过去式to+v.（不定式）makesb.dosth.省略to的不定式<letsb.dosth.havesb.dosth.helpsb.（to）dosth.可加可不加wouldlikesb.todosth.\it'sfuntodosth.havefundoingsth.

动词原形!过去式动词原形过去式动词原形!过去式am/is।wasarewerebear（忍受）!borebeat（打击；]打败）!beatbecomebecamebeginbeganbreak（使…[…破碎）|brokebringbroughtbuild（建।造）।builtbuy।boughtcancouldcatch।caughtcome।camecostcostcut।cutdo/does।diddrawdrewdrink।drankdrive।droveeatatefall।fellfeed।fedfightfoughtfind।foundfly|flewforgetforgotget■gotgive|gavegowentgrow।grew1hung（闲1hang（吊）।逛）hanged（have/hashadhear।heard1吊）1hold।heldhurthurtkeep।keptknow।knewlay（下蛋）laidlead（引导）|ledlearn।learndleaveleaflie（说谎）；lied/laylet।letloselostmake1mademay|mightmeanmeant, 1meet।metpayjpaidwinwonput।putread।readriderode1ring।rangrun।ransaysaidsee।sawsell।soldsendsentwill।would11showed过去write।1wroteshallshouldshow।1分词：shownsing|sangsitsatsleep।sleptspeak।spokestandstoodsweep।sweptswim।swamtaketookteach।taught1tell11toldthinkthoughtthrow（抛;।扔）!threwwear!wore1।beworry（adj.）about（担心……）=worry（v.）about\goondoingsth.继续做同一件事[goontodosth.结束去做某件事去f/fe+ves叶子半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命亡。leaffleaveshalffhalvesselffselveswifefwivesknivefknives：shelffshelveswolffwolveslifeflives:thieffthieves!""vwwvwwwwvwwwwvwwwwvwwwwvwwwwvwwwwvwwwwvu• so that如止匕 以致• discusswithsb.sth.

findsb.doingsth.yseesb.doingsth.、watchsb.doingsth.••••••••••••seesb.dosth.（看见整个过程）assoonas一……就Standsth.Maybeadv.exercise(v.)=doexercise(n.)/dosports\Domoreexercise(un.),youwillbehealthier.〔Domorning/eyesexercises[有修饰词作为(cn.)]频率副词例如一位置一实义动词前，助动词、be动词、情态动词后Iusuallygotothepark.Sheusuallygoestothepark.Sheusuallywenttotheparklastyear.频率副词不影响动词形成HowoftenHowmanyHowmuchHowlong时间多久Howfar距离多远Howsoon多快例：Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Intwodays.resultfordosth.wantsb.todosth.[interesting东西令人觉得很有趣〔intered感到谁很有趣Thanksfordoingsth.[trytodosth.尽力做某事〔thydoingsth.尝试做某事[vegetable(cn.)〔fruit(un.)bedifferentfrom与……不同lookafter=takecareof照顾(重视)[healthn.y〔healthyadj.style风格、方式

grade评价mark直观的分数helpsb.(to)do(v.)sth.helpsb.withsth.•

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••theold老人kindperson热心人grade评价mark直观的分数helpsb.(to)do(v.)sth.helpsb.withsth.•

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••theold老人kindperson热心人thesameas与……一样kindof=alittle(bit)keepingoodhealthy=keephealthymakeaplanfor为……做计划although=though让步状语从句：虽然、尽管Iahardjob难的adj.5ahardstone硬的hard"adv.hard-001国口8努力的fworkhard努力地[it'srainyhard雨下很大maybeadv. I IMaybeheisastudentmaybe情态丫.+v.(原)J [Hemaybeastudentbegoodatsth./doingsth.advice(un.)建议apieceofadvice.sore肌肉引发炎症，酸痛ache连续疼痛，多加在身体部位后lotsof=alotofgood• "finewelladv.adj.表示身体好=fineIWhat’sthematterwihtsb.？"What’sthetroublewithsb.？[What’swrong(adj.)withsb.？What’shappenedtosb.？tire(n.)tired(adj.)主观感受到疲劳tire(n.)tieing令人感到疲劳

certainly当然soundlike+名词/名词词组sometimes有时，常用于一般现时sometimes几次sometim（某个时候，常用于将时sometime一段时间，常用于现完成时wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事=wouldlikesb.todosth.trytodosth.尽力做某事trynottodosth.尽力不做某事hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hopetodosth.希望去做某事；hope+that从句（that可以省略）。另外，hope后面+so表示“希望如此”hopenot表示“希望不是这样。wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wishtodosth.希望做某事；wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事；wishthat从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。abalanceofbalanced(adj.)traditional(adj.)tradition(n.),Jlike+名词短语像< ……[forexample+句子Needsth./todosth.Begoodforsth./doingsth.get变得maybe(adv.)may+丫.(原)bewithsth.bewithsth.•

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••toomuch+n.(un)<toomany+n.(cn)[muchtoo+adj.western西方的形式主语fit’s+adj.todosth.improve提高haveapaininthe+身体部位名词修饰名词：①修饰词总为单数②womanman跟着所修饰词单复数变化③sport作为修饰词总为复数therebe+主语+doingsth.

if:条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ill表语：Theboyisill.5 1表语：Theboyissick.sick〈、[定语：Thisisasickboy.不擅长：beweakis擅长：begoodatAngrywithsb.aboutsb.为某事生某人的气。代「表目的，例：Wecomehereforvacation.spendtimewithsb.花时间在某人身上spend花阚 |onsth.sb.spend5[（in）doingsth.将来时：1.will+v.（原）2.begoingtodosth.3.用现在进行时表将来时有方向性的词3.用现在进行时表将来时有方向性的词计划好的事babysittingbabysit5[babysatsb.pay钱forsth.Heisleavinginthemorning.th5Heisleavingonthemorningof28.Heisleavingonacoldmorning.I•

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•••goaway离开sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.—单数复数中日友好莫要变ChineseJapaneseChineseJapanese英法联盟兀音牵EnglishmanFrenchmanEnglishmenFrenchmenbefamousas作为 出名Jaychouisfamousasasinger.famous（adj.）5 一 一，/Shantouisfamousforthebeautifulbeach.befamousfor因……而出名，[ [Jaychouisfamousforhissong.think（过去式：thought）：thinkaboutsth./doingsth.思考thinkof：想起decide（决定）todosth./onsth./ondoingsth.在某大洲中心in：GreeceisinEurope.（European欧洲的）leavesomewhere离开某地——————leaveforsomewhere离开去某地planfplannedfplanningnatural自然的finishdoingsth.完成某事hopetodosth./从句■n.plan，[plantodosth.v\[plansth.Ican’twaittodosth.我迫不及待想做某事thenumberof……的数量dependon依赖于inthemountain在山区so that],” ,卜如此……以致too toJkeep+宾语+adj.（宾补）oen卜Thewindowsis<°[adj.开着的（closedadj.关着的）[closeddecidetodosth./onsth./ondoingsth.宾语从句：陈述句语序getto=reach=arrivein/atWould/Willyouplease+v（原）sit atthetable用餐the final（adj.最后的） exam 期末考试How 提问方式方法[thousand千][million百万｝前面加确数不力出billion十亿△地+is+距离+（away）fromB地△有具体距离不再用far[Myhomeisfar（away）frommyschool.[Myhome10kilometers（away）frommyschool.It’s+距离+fromAtoB划线部分提问：It'stenkilometresfrommyhometoschool.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool？Ittakesb. todosth.例：Ittakeshimabout10minutestoridetothestation.ride车程：Anhour’sbusridewilltakeyouthere.

IIt's10kilometers.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?j〔It's10minuteswalk.final=atlast=intheendnotall(部分否定)并非所有:Notallstudentsarehere.bedifferent(adj.)fromdifference(adj.),IItdependsontheweather.depend决定《〔Itdependsonhowmuchmoneyyouaregoingtospend.mustbe肯定推测maybe可能can't不能是alot/far/much用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用abit/alittle>+n.(pl.)Iasmallnumberof少数的anumberof>+n.(pl.)〔agreat/largenumberofWhatdoyouthinkof？=need(实义动词)+sth./Whatdoyouthinkof？=need(实义动词)+sth./thenumberof……的数量，谓动用单数(is)Thenumberofthestudentsis100.worryworry(v.)Dontbe (adj.)invite(v.)一invite(v.)一invitation(n.)What(a/an)+adj.+n.(+主+谓)How+adj.+主+谓①不得不（客观）…，一，，,,IShehastogethomebefore5：00.havetoj②人称及时态变化；〔Ihadtostudyuntill12:00lastnight.、③否定借助动词io：Shedon'thavetogethomebefore5：00.discusssth.讨论某事Isoon间隔快jquick反应快adj.伍火车trainj〔v训练黑伍火车trainj〔v训练>ftraining(n.)ftrainer训练员ThisisaphotoofTom：这是一张照Tom的照片ThisisTom'sphoto这是Tom照的照片

onone，swayto：谁在前往 的路上bytheway：顺便提一下in ways：方面你挡到我了Excuse,you'reinmyway：你挡到我了Oct.the24thOct.(the)24th土Oct.the24th，读:24thOct.anothertwodays、 7 '一个整体(Itmeanshisanswerisright.\这意味着他的答案是正确的口theYford?meaning(n.)意思：Eoyou1mmthemeailingoftheYford?enjoydoingsth.begoodat=as as省略to的不定式：makesb.do(原型)sth.fn.=abitofalittle\1+adj.=abit\alotof=lot'sof+n.alot+adj./adv./v.likev.likev.：喜欢prop.：像^Iwin+项目奖项Ibeat+对手onthefarm:在农场上takepartin=joininlikehelpingothers△however, =butwho谁whose谁的宾格Iwhom=who主格：Whoisthebest？whoI…【兵格：Whomareyougoingwith？makesb.adj.(宾补)lieflyinganother+数字+复数名词byplane=byairbreakfbrokefbrokenbe+过去分词f被动语态^ [Whattodo〔HowtodoithealthyfhealthierIwinfwon•〔beatfbeatI Ierest5卜.使 感兴趣：Thismovieinterestsmealot.Isth.5interested=beinterestedin5[doingerestingIv.：careaboutn.：takecareof=lookaftercare5adj.：careful[adj.：carefullywouldliketodosth.You’dbetterdosth./notdosth.view[vju:]n.观点facetoface面对面another在做形容词时意为“又一个，再一个，另外的”，其后可以接可数名词的单数或复数。如：Ihaveanothertwobookstoread.another，theother，others，theothers①another既可作形容词又可作代词，泛指“再一个，又一个”，表示“总数为三个或三个以上中任意的另一个”，表示泛指，可以单独使用；作定语时，修饰可数名词单数，其前不加冠词。如：Thisdressisdirty,pleasechangeanotheroneforme.②theother表示“两个中的另一个”，表示特指，总数为两个；它可以单独使用，也可用theother+可数名词单数。如：Hisparentsbothworkinahospital.Oneisadoctorandtheotherisanurse.③others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可单独使用或用。ther+可数名词复数来代替。注意others后面不可直接加名词。如：SomestudentslikeEnglishandotherstudents(others)likephysics.④theothers指一定范围内其余所有的人或物，表示特指。如：Thisdictionaryisbetterthantheothers.形容词、副词的比较级比较级的定义大多数形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”。比较级前面一般用much，even，alittle修饰。比较级的构成规则变化①单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如：calm—calmertall—tallersmart—smarter以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如：nice—nicerfine—finerlarge—larger以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加er如：early—earlierhappy—happierbusy—busier④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加er如：big—biggerthin—thinnerhot—hotter⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如：popular—morepopularimportant—moreimportant不规则变化少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的：good-betterbad/ill—worsemany/much—morelittle—lessfar—farther/furtherold—older/elder比较级的用法(1)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比较级。①表达"A和B一样”，用as……as的结构。公式：A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B如：Iamastallasyou.HerunsasfastasI.②表达“A不如B”用notas/so…as的结构。公式：A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as+BA+助动词的否定形式+动词+as+副词原级+as+B如：Iamnotastallasyou.Hedoesn’trunasfastasI.③表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构公式：A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+BA+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B如：Iamtallerthanyou.HerunsfasterthanI.关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更……”，”……得 ”。常见词有much，alittle，even，alot，agreatdeal等。如：HeismuchtallerthanI.Ijumpalittlehigherthanhe.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构，表示具体“大多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。如：Iamtwoyearsolderthanhe.Thisbuildingis20metershigherthanthatone.③表示“越来越……”比较级+and+比较级(单音节词)；moreandmore+原级(多音节词)如：Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Heisrunningfasterandfaster.Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.④表示“越……就越……”；the+比较级…，the+比较级…如：Themore，thebetterThemorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyouwillmake.⑤the+比较级…ofthetwo…表示两个当中较 的一个如：Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrothers.运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题(1)按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。如：HeismorecarefulthanI(me).只有同类的事物才能比较如：Herbagisbiggerthanmine.WHerbagisbiggerthanI.TheweatherofKunMingismuchbetterthanthatofShenyang.WTheweatherofKunMingismuchbetterthanShenyang..加er的双音节词大多以y、ow、er、ple、ble结尾.由词根+前缀/后缀形成的形容词+more•一般现在时一般现在时是指经常发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词用原形，当主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词有三单变化。一般现在时态的句型：(1)动词为be动词时：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+其他部分否定句在be动词后面加not；一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。动词为行为动词时：一般现在时态的肯定句：①主语+动词原形+其他成分②主语(第三人称单数)+动词s/es+其他成分一般现在时态的否定句①主语+don't+动词原形+其他成分②主语(第三人称单数)+doesn't+动词原形+其他成分一般现在时态的一般疑问句①Do+主语+动词原形+其他成分？②Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他成分？一般现在时态的一般疑问句特殊疑问句+一般疑问句？动词第三人称单数的变化(1)直接加口s,如：100k—lookssleep—sleeps(2)在字母s,x,ch,sh,o后加es,如：watch—watchesgo—goes(3)辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加es,如：study—studiescry—cries注意：一般现在时态的特殊疑问句—Whatdoeshedoonweekend？—HewatchesTV..fall所有的[whole完整的freal真正的[ture真的（不是假的）asforsth./doingsth.fenoughmil（kn.）足够[good（adj.）enough[readcarefuly（adv.）enoughffturnonturn0fturnup开大声（音量）[turndown开小声fortyminutes'bybusfortyminutesbusridepeelsth.MayIpeelanappleforyou?peelsth.MayIpeelyouanapple?Poursth/sthforsb./sb.sth.Therainpoureddownyesterday.昨晚倾盆大雨。fHowmanyn（.pl.）\ f不可数名词的数量Howmuch[\[ [价格Twoteaspoonsofhoney.should+v.（原）taste（系v.）+adj.（表）Ifirst=firstofall[[finally=atlast=intheendfmixup[mixi（tall）up[mixthefruitupaddsth.tosth.名词复数加es黑人英雄爱吃番茄土豆NegroesHeroesTomatoesPotatoesIMixsth.up1Mixupsth.△sth为代词只能用最*it/themupon(the)topIneedtodosth.：主动…… 〔needdoingsth.=needtobedone:被动、一 Iis/amtwasbe动词：Iamastudentj〔aretwere实义动、J规则变化：ed/去丫力口ied/d/双写加ed头动词］不规则变化否定句IplaybasketballtIdon’tplaybasketball否定句IplayedbasketballtIdidn’tplaybasketballIhung吊着hang：过去式《 厂卡〔hanger绞死吊死寸土"卧倒tlaylie：过去式j［说谎tliedtherebe:①就近原则②不出现therehavelay(产卵)flaidjourney陆地的旅行Ifalltfell〔feeltfelt^ |wintwon+奖品、奖项、名次、比赛〔beattbeat+对手Ibuytbought〔bringtbroughtIother+n.(pl.)〔another+n.(单数)Ianoctopus〔twooctopusesprize奖品奖金争夺物；值得竞争的目标；〔口语〕极好的东西。buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.intheendof=finally,=atlastJattheendof指一个时间点[bytheendof指到这个时间为止的时间•alldaylong一整天sound（系动词）+adj.[ 「名词soundlik《〔 [名词性短语beborncompetition做不可数名词时表示竞争，做可数名词时表示竞赛。wakeup醒来<getup起来叫醒某人^^up他[wakesb.uphelpsb.(to)dosth.placeofinterest名胜古迹Iwillnever我不会忘记havefundoingsth./拿出来put吗熄灭e.g.Putoutthefire.makehistory创纪录Iwithsth.bebusyj[doingsth.takeoff起飞、脱掉^ Ialltheday=thewholeday一整天[allthedays所有日志happen发生：sth.happentosb.takeaclass=haveaclasson dayoff一般过去式的时间状语都是明显表示过去的。如：yesterday,lastnight（week/year）,in+过去的年份（如：in1998），…ago（如：threetearsago），justnow等等。record/'reko:d/n.hold/keeptherecordbreaktherecordsetthenewwordrecordrecord/ri'ko:d/v.Whatareyourecordinginyourbook?startdoingsth.=starttodosth.itsays据说too toMybrotheristooyoungtogotoschool.so thatMybrotherissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.playfor为……而战hiccuppingcreatefcreative[talentn.后天的才能[gift天生的loveflovely可爱的floving慈爱的[onsth.sb.sspendj（in）doingsth.[withsb.Osaka[9u‘sa:k9,@ousa:’ka:]大阪takepartin=joinin参加活动（上。血：加入某组织或团体）[n.tourj[v.thewriterwhotourtheUnitedStates.admire羡慕v.tIadmireherstory.Iadmirehimforhisdiscovery.• seesb.dosth.[ausualboy[anunusualgirllearnsth./todosth.stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做的事practicedoingsth.mostofI1"忆原someofJWewon’tgoshoppingifitisraintomorrow.条件或时间状语用一般现在时seesb.doingsth.看见某人正做某事to后面加v.原majorin]birthday不一定加年[dateofbirth出生日期一定加年decide-decisionbegoing5begoingtov（原）willv.（原）What adj.n. 主谓belate for schoolmove to some whereIsoundliken.5[sound（系¥.）ad.（表）Let's shallwe?Letus willyou?whatwaswrote更糟糕的是Ionsth.spend5[indoingsth.hold-held•that+定语从句berich变得富有Isavethelife挽救生命5savethefile保存文件[savethemoney存钱when时间条件if状语从句用一般现在表将来Isth.forsb.buy5[sb.sth.British 不列颠seesb. doingsth.foreign （外国的）-foreigner （外国人）getaletterfromsb.receivealetterfromsb. ＞收到谁的来信hearfromsb.LucywithherparentsIIisLucyandherparentsJ[are

stayoutlate在外面呆的晚stayuplate熬夜的晚takecareofcarescareful(adj.)carefully(adv.)hearfrom一听说hearofJhearfrom-收至Uover=morethanMay/CouldIdosth.Iagreewithyou.我同意你的观点。agreewithsb.agreetodosth.leaveone'sjob辞职communication.「一communicatewithsb.sth.openkeep5sth.closeddowntown(adv.)城市市区keep：①keepfit(体型上)/keephealthy{keepadj.}keepdoingsth.keepsb./sth.adj.(宾补)例：Keepthefoodcool.keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事Isendsth.tosb.1一”Isendsb.sth.of一般用来赞扬或批评Itisadj.ofsb.once曾经菜肴dishi盘碟HaveyouevertiredFrenchdishes？菜肴dishi盘碟adishofchicken/hamKf-dothedishes、putawaythedishesgivesb.aride顺便搭一程getaride搭便车Couldycupleasede-sth.比g社r®委婉 原startdoingsth.sportsstart/实义动词：needtodosth.否：don't、doesn't>didn'tneed _…、= …情态动词：needv.（原）否：needntlivingroom=sittingroomtakeoutthetrash[U]women'ssinglesplayer女单选手planforthe「of无细节想到dreamW也C有细节belike（介）像 havebetter（not）dosth.最好（不）做某事^ [own拥有，私人的Iowner主人oneofadj.（最高级）n.（pl.）borrowsthfromsb.向某人接某物Lendsth.forsb./Lendsb.sth.借给某人某物whatfor=whyinvitesb.todosth.infrontof behindinthefrontof atthebackofrise升上来（主勤）Thesunriseintheeast.raise把 升上来WeraiseournationalflageveryMonday.Detective侦探Havegreatmeaning重要的Great重大的Suchalittlegirl.Solittleagirl.不可数或^^名言司用suchHavesthdone.考襄某物被做某事 Havethecomputerrepaired.考囊重月曾被修理fallof=falldownfromdisappointing、disappoint、disappointed失望的（on典this）+weekend不能同畤使用Chemistry['kemistri]n.化擘Chance[1&ns]n.檄曾•If|+ 修件状^^句 |+|主句

Theadj.一类真人Pass(v.)=v.+past(介)•nationalityadj.countryn.Howisgoing最近好喝•• bad—worse—worst•主句彳隹句现在畤任何事悲HethinkshisfatherwillgotoShanghai.谩去畤谩去某倜事熊•had+谩去分言司：谩去完成畤•即畤斡述Bentoldmeitwasgoingtoraintoday.谩彳爰傅述Bentoldmeitwasgoingtorainthatdayhopehopetodosth.hope+优句Broccoli花椰菜Getadj.燮得Hurryup抓聚畤^half-halves•when^^彳隹句畤^状^^句用一般现在表招来•organize-organization•halfofthemWhalfthemhalfoftheclass=halftheclasscomparewith比较to比喻It’sadj.todosth.Marks分数MountQomolanma珠穆朗王禹峰Everyoneexcept(KarenandMichael)isgoingtovisitthemuseum.Destroy[di'stroi]v.破塌•youareaexcellentskater你是一他侵秀的滑雪者go-gonebe-been

blowup引爆Have/hasbeendoingsth.:现在完成畤•Ithinkheisagoodstudent,isn'tit前肯后否前否后肯Idon'tthinkheisagoodstudent,isit^^^句反羲疑冏句主^第一人穗反羲疑冏句典彳隹句保持疑冏第二三人穗主句保持一致dangerousanimal封人危陂的勤物animalindangerous陷入危陂的勤物• 现在谩去完成畤是谩去做做做到现在•DeGaulle戴高架•Makealiving(by)doingsth.靠什麽^生•seemadj.seemliken.madat生氟madabout痼狂Oneofadj.(最高级)n.(pl.)••一、概念直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接英语”。间接英语在多数的情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加括号，所引用的话前常用逗号，而不是冒号，引号内直接引语的第一个单词首字母要大些。例如：Johnsaid，“Ilikereadingthestory.”Johnsaidthathelikedreadingthestory.二、直接引语变间接英语.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that(在口语中that可省略)，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要相应变化。人称的变化Hesaidtome，“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”HetoldmethathehadbrokenmyCDplayer.”事态的变化如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句