Unit5+Revealing+nature-Using+Language高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

新外研社高中英语选择性必修一Unit5Revealingnature

UsingLanguageGrammar1Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.2What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfather.3AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.4Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametimeandhadnotchangedsince.5Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...6

Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,

hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Pastperfect1.Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Activity1.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.aDarwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...bManypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolved

fromlowerformsoflife.Insentence(a),“evolvedfromacommon

ancestor”happenedfirst.Insentence(b),“evolvedfromlowerformsof

life”happenedfirst.Itindicatestheactionhappenedbeforeacertain

pastaction.UsinglanguageaDarwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...bManypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolved

fromlowerformsoflife.Ineachsentence,boththetwoactionshappenedinthepast,ActionBhappenedfirst,ActionAhappenedlater.Inthissituation,pastperfectisusedtodescribeActionBandsimplepastisusedtodescribeActionA.SummaryActionAActionBUsinglanguageActivity1.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepastperfecttenseinthereadingpassage,andsummariseitsuseinyourownwords.AfterDarwinhad

spentsometimeinSouthAmerica,

hisroomon

theshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplants

andanimalshehadcollected.Atthattime,

peoplebelievedthatallspecies

hadappearedonEarthatthesametime,and

hadnotchangedsince.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolved

accordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthat

particularisland....Thepastperfectisaverbtensewhichisusedtoshowthatanactiontookplaceonceormanytimesbeforeanotheraction/pointinthepast.

UsinglanguageActivity1.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Thepastperfectisformedusinghad+pastparticiple.Questionsareindicatedbyinvertingthesubjectandhad.Negativesaremadewithhadnot.Statement:YouhadstudiedEnglishbeforeyoumovedtoNewYork.Question:HadyoustudiedEnglishbeforeyoumovedtoNewYork?Negative:YouhadnotstudiedEnglishbeforeyoumovedtoNewYork.Whatispastperfecttense?DefinitionThepastperfectisaverbtensewhichisusedtoshowthatanactiontookplaceonceormanytimesbeforeanotheraction/pointinthepast.

PastPerfectFormsUsinglanguagePastperfectform:function:过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：haddone过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态，也可以说是“过去的过去”。nowpastfuture过去完成时现在完成时时间参照不同Thepastperfectexpressestheideathatsomethingoccurredbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Itcanalsoshowthatsomethinghappenedbeforeaspecifictimeinthepast.pastperfectsimplepastPastPerfectUsesUse1CompletedActionBeforeSomethinginthePastUsinglanguageExamples:1.I____________(notsee)suchabeautifulbeachbeforeIwenttoKauai.2.IdidnothaveanymoneybecauseI________(lose)mywallet.3.TonyknewIstanbulsowellbecausehe___________(visit)thecityseveraltimes.4.______Susan_______(study)ThaibeforeshemovedtoThailand?5.Sheonlyunderstoodthemoviebecauseshe_________(read)thebook.6.Kristine_____________(neverbe)toanoperabeforelastnight.7.Wewerenotabletogetahotelroombecausewe______________(notbook)inadvance.8.A:_______youever_______(visit)theU.S.beforeyourtripin2006?B:Yes,I____________totheU.S.oncebefore.hadn’tseenhadlosthadvisitedstudiedHadhadreadhadneverbeenhadn’tbookedHadvisitedhadbeenUsinglanguageWithnon-continuousverbs(simplepast),weusethepastperfecttoshowthatsomethingstartedinthepastandcontinuedupuntilanotheraction(non-continuousverbs)inthepast.simplepast(non-continuous)pastperfectdurationPastPerfectUsesUse

2

DurationBeforeSomethinginthePast(Non-ContinuousVerbs)UsinglanguageExamples:1.Wehadhadthatcarfortenyearsbeforeitbrokedown.2.BythetimeAlexfinishedhisstudies,hehadbeeninLondonforovereightyears.3.Theyfeltbadaboutsellingthehousebecausetheyhadowneditformorethanfortyyears.non-continuousverbpastperfectdurationnon-continuousverbpastperfectdurationpastperfectdurationnon-continuousverbThewords“live”,

“work”,

“teach”,

and“study”aresometimesusedinthiswayeventhoughtheyareNOTnon-continuousverbs.UsinglanguageAdverbssuchasalways,only,never,ever,stillandjustareusuallyplacedbetweenhadandpastparticiple.Examples:YouhadpreviouslystudiedEnglishbeforeyoumovedtoNewYork.HadyoupreviouslystudiedEnglishbeforeyoumovedtoNewYork?AdverbPlacementinPastPerfectUsinglanguageActivevoice:had+pastparticiplePassivevoice:had+been+pastparticipleExamples:Georgehadrepairedmanycarsbeforehereceivedhismechanic’slicense.(Active)ManycarshadbeenrepairedbyGeorgebeforehereceivedhismechanic’slicense.(Passive)

Active/PassiveVoiceinPastPerfectUsinglanguage1.a.Naturaldisastersledtofoodshortagesinthe1960s.b.YuanLongpingbegantodoresearchonhybridrice.c.YuanLongpingdevelopedabettertypeofrice.YuanLongping_____________todoresearchonhybridricebecausenaturaldisasters______________foodshortagesinthe1960s.Intheend,he____________abettertypeofrice.beganhadledtodevelopedActivity2.Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.Thesentencesareintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.Theycanhelpyoudecidetheuseoftenses.UsinglanguageYuanLongpingYuanLongpingwasborninBeijingin1930.Afterhegraduatedfromuniversityintheearly1950s,hededicatedhimselftotheresearchofagriculture.Yuanhadtheideatocreateanewbreedofriceinthe1960s.Sincethen,hehasworkedtirelesslytoresearchanddevelopabetterricebreed.In1973heandhiscollaboratorsmanagedtocultivateahybridricespeciesthatwassuperiortomanyothers.Thisspeciesproduced20percentmorericeperplantthanthecommonlygrownvarieties.Forhisachievementsandcontributions,Yuanisknownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”andwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublicin2019.Activity2.Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.Thesentencesareintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.Theycanhelpyoudecidetheuseoftenses.UsinglanguageBackgroundinformation2.a.GregorMendelchosetostudypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.b.GregorMendelmadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.c.GregorMendeldiedin1884.GregorMendel___________studypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1884,he________importantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.chosetohadmadeUsinglanguageActivity2.

Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.Thesentencesareintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.Theycanhelpyoudecidetheuseoftenses.GregorMendelGregorMendel(1822-1884)wasaninfluentialbotanist.Mendelworkedoutthebasicprinciplesofhereditybyexperimentingwithplants.In1866,hepublishedhisfindings,showinghowinvisible“factors”(nowknownasgenes)areresponsibleforpredictablevisibletraits.Asaresultofhiswork,hebecameknownasthe“fatherofmoderngenetics”.Activity2.Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.Thesentencesareintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.Theycanhelpyoudecidetheuseoftenses.UsinglanguageBackgroundinformationcompete decline eatlive introduce arriveLonesomeGeorgeLonesomeGeorgewasthelastPintaIslandtortoise.Hediedin2012.AfterGeorge’sdeath,thePintaIslandtortoisewasdeclaredextinct.

TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.Beforehumans__________ontheisland,thespecies___________inisolationand___________theplantsthatnaturallygrewthere.Georgewasdiscoveredmanyyearsaftertheirarrival,andbythenhumans______________newspeciesthat_________forthefoodthetortoisesate.Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulation____________.Eventually,onlyGeorgeremained.arrivedhadlivedhadeatenhadintroducedcompeteddeclinedActivity3.Completetheonlineencyclopediaentrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.UsinglanguageLookformoresentenceswiththepastperfecttenseinthereadingpassage,andsummariseitsuseinyourownwords.1.Itwasayoungmanwho_______medicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,he___________________aletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.hadlefthadrecentlyreceived2.AfterDarwin_________sometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshe_____________.hadspenthadcollected3.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecies____________onEarthatthe

sametime,and_______________

since.hadappearedhadnotchanged4.Itseemedtheirbeaks__________accordingtowhatfoodwasavailable

onthatparticularisland.hadevolvedPastperfect①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。②表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有bythen,bytheendof,bythetime。③当与hope,want,expect,intend,plan等词连用，表示过去未曾实现的愿望和想法。④hardly…when…/nosooner…than…句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Summary1过去完成时的构成和用法构成：had+动词的过去分词---用法：（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when,before,after,bythetime等引导的状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。Bytheendoflastyear，wehadproduced20,000cablecars.到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆缆车。Thebarberhadshavedhimselfbeforeattendingyesterday'swedding.理发师在参加昨天的婚礼前剃了胡子。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for,since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。Theworkersaidhehadworkedfortheemployersincelastyear.这个工人说他从去年开始就为雇主工作。（3）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即"hoped/planned....tohavedone"。Ihadplannedtocome,butIwaspreventedbythebadweather.我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。2常用过去完成时的句式（1）It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second…timethatsb.haddonesth.这/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事。（2）表示"一......"的hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than..句式中，含hardly/scarcely,nosooner的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。（3）虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句和wish/wouldrather/onlyif后的从句中用过去完成时。3过去完成时与其他时态的区别（1）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。（2）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。◆单句语法填空（1）Bytheendoflastyear,he

（collect）morethan10foreignrecords.（2）I

（finish）myhomeworkbeforeIhadsupper.（3）JohnandJane

（know）eachotherforalongtimebeforetheygotmarried.（4）Hesaidthatgreatchanges

（take）placeinhishometownsince1990.（5）Itwassixandhewastiredbecausehe

（work）sincethedaybroke.（6）Whenthepolicefoundhim,thecriminal

（be）inthecavefornearlyamonth.（7）They

（want）tohelpbutcouldn’tgetthereintime.（8）He

（hope）tocatchthe8:00bus,buthefounditgone.◆完成句子（9）Whenhereachedthenearbyshop,it

（已经关门了）.（10）I

（原本想做一个蛋糕）,butIranoutoftime.（11）They

（原本计划休息）inthecafé,butsomethingunexpectedhappened.hadcollectedhadplannedtohavearesthadfinished

hadknown

hadtakenhadworkedhadbeenhadwantedhadhopedhadalreadybeenclosedhadintendedtomakeacakePractice◆单句语法填空（1）Thiswasthesecondtimethatthemusician

（tour）Europe.（2）Theaudiencehadhardlybeenseated

thesaxophonesolostarted.（3）Ifhe

（take）youradvice,hewouldhavepassedthedrivingtest.（4）Iwouldratheryou

（be）hereyesterday.◆句型转换（5）Ihadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.=

（hardly...when...）=

（倒装句）hadtouredwhenhadtakenhadbeenIhadhardlyfinishedtheworkwhenthelightwentout.NosoonerhadIfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.◆单句语法填空（1）MyfriendAndrew

（live）inaforeigncountryformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.（2）Heonce

（work）asalecturer，butnowheisamanager.（3）Hisbrother

（be）theconductoroftheorchestraformanyyears.（4）He

（learn）mathsallbyhimselfbytheageoffourteen.◆完成句子（5）Andrew

（犯了一个大错误）becausehehadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.（6）Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forI

（没有好好学我的功课）.◆翻译句子（7）他们5点钟已经完成了他们的作业。 ______________________________________________（8）他们是5点钟完成的作业。 ______________________________________________hadlivedworkedhasbeenhadlearnedmadeabigmistakehadnotstudiedmylessonwellTheyhadfinishedtheirhomeworkatfiveo’clock.Theyfinishedtheirhomeworkatfiveo’clock.Listening&speaking1.Biodiversityisimportant.2.Bacteriaarealwaysharmfultohumans.3.Somespeciesofbacteriaareusedinfoodproduction.4.Manyspeciesofbacteriarecycledeadorganic

matter.5.Ourimmunesystemsareabletofightoffallgerms.Listentothepodcastandchoosethestatementsthataremade.(P54)Listenagainandcompletethefactsheet.P54Cells•Everylivingthingis1______________.Theyarelike2______________________________.•Inthehumanbodythereareabout3_____________

humancellsandaround4________________bacteriacells.Bacteria•Mostbacteriainthehumanbodycan5_________________.•Inthefoodproductionprocess,bacteriacan6__________deadorganicmatter.breakdownhelpwithdigestionthirty-ninetrillionthirtytrillionbricksthatareusedtobuildhousesmadeupofcellsChecktheanswersDoyouknowabout…?

Haveyouheardof…?By

theway,…Actually,…Infact,…Speakingofwhich,…AddinginformationCompletetheboxeswiththeexpressionsfromthepodcast.(P54)Checkingbackgroundknowledge1.

Whatspeciesare

mentionedand

what

isspecialaboutthem?2.Whatotherunusual

lifeformsdoyou

knowof?Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.P542.Whatotherunusuallifeformsdoyouknowof？Twospeciesarementioned:thebluewhale

andthewaterbear.

1.

Whatspeciesarementionedandwhatisspecialabout

them?Thewaterbearis

probablythetoughestspecies,whichcansurvive

temperaturesfrom150℃toabelowfreezing

-272℃.Thebluewhaleisthe

largestanimalspeciesonEarth,whichcan

growuptoalmost30metresinlengthand

weighover130,000

kilos.VocabularybuildingCompletetheparagraphswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox