高中英语人教版一轮课时提升作业三十六选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。三十六选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AManypeoplewronglythinkthatcitiesdon’thavefarmsandthatfruitandvegetablesareonlygrowninthecountry.Believeitornot,therearemoreandmoreurbanfarmspoppingupincitiesallovertheworld.AlexandraSullivan,afoodsystemresearcherinNewYorkCity,studiesurbanagriculture.Urbanagricultureisanothernameforfarmingandgardeninginacityenvironment.MsSullivanstudieseverythingfromtinygardensinemptylotsbetweenbuildingstobiggerfieldsthathavebeenplantedandgrown.AccordingtoMsSullivan,“Urbanagriculturehasexistedsincecitieshave,acrosstheworld.”Thenumberofhumanslivinginurbanareas,orcities,isincreasing.Theamountofpeoplewhowanttogardeninurbanareasisalsorising.MsSullivansays,“Insmallgardens,onrooftopsandindoors,theygrowfruit,vegetables,grains,andherbs,andraiseanimalstoproducemilk,eggs,honey,andmeat.Theyusethesefoodsassupplementstofoodproducedbyruralagriculture.”Eventhoughsomepeoplewholiveinurbanareasgrowcrops,urbanresidentsstillneedtorelyonfoodgrowninruralareas.Thisisbecauseacitydoesn’thaveenoughspacetogrowenoughfoodforeveryonelivinginit.InNewYorkCity,urbanfarmershaveeupwithmanydifferentwaystogrowtheirownproduce,eventhoughthereisn’talotofroom.Forexample,BrooklynGrangeisafarmingoperationthathastworooftopvegetablefarmsinNewYorkCity.Alltogether,thefarmsaremadeupof2.5acresofrooftopspace.ThismakesBrooklynGrangeoneofthelargestrooftopfarmingoperationsintheworld.BrooklynGrangegrowsallkindsofthings.Thefarmingpanysellsitsvegetablestolocalresidentsandrestaurants.Andbecausethefarmsareontherooftops,theyarespeciallyadaptedtotheirurbanlocation.Theyuseavailablespacethatisnotneededforanythingelse.Asmoreurbanfarmersfindwaystogrowfoodincities,urbanresidentswillbebetterabletogetfreshermaterialsfortheirmeals.【文章大意】文章主要介绍了都市农场方面的事情。1.WhichofthefollowingisMsSullivan’sopinionaccordingtothetext?A.Thenumberofpeoplelivingincitiesisincreasingslowly.B.Urbanresidentsstillrelyonfoodgrowninruralareaspletely.C.Urbanagriculturehasahistoryaslongascities.D.Urbanagriculturecanprovidehugeine.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句AccordingtoMsSullivan,“Urbanagriculturehasexistedsincecitieshave,acrosstheworld.”可知,Sullivan女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Farmers.B.Cityresidents.C.Ruralresidents. D.panies.【解析】选B。代词指代题。根据第三段可知,住在城市里的人的数量在增长,想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长,并结合该段Sullivan所说的话可推知they指的是“城市居民”。3.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrooklynGrangeinNewYorkCityfromthetext?A.Ithaslargefarmingareas.B.Itcanonlygrowsingleproducts.C.Itproducesenoughfoodforcitizens.D.Itmakesuseofrooftopspacetogrowvegetables.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“Forexample,BrooklynGrangeisafarmingoperationthathastworooftopvegetablefarmsinNewYorkCity.”可知,BrooklynGrange利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜。4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.FarmsinCitiesB.FutureFoodSystemC.FoodGrowninCitiesD.AgricultureofNewYorkCity【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,文章主要讲述都市农场,城市居民利用有限的空间,充分利用屋顶,花园和家里种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草,并饲养动物。文章就是围绕城市农场这一中心展开的,因此A项作为标题最合适。BPlantatrillion(万亿)trees?Thegoal21yearoldFelixFinkbeinerhassetforhisorganization,PlantforthePlanet,isontheambitiousside.Unrealistic,though?NotifyouconsiderFelix’strackrecordsofar.AfterfoundingPlantforthePlanetattheageofninein2007,Felixhadalreadypassedthemilliontreemark2010.Today,PlantforthePlanet’streecounterstandsatwellover15billion.Thisbeganwithaschoolpresentationonclimateprotection.HavingbeenimpressedbyWangariMaathai,aKenyanwomanwhoseheroiccampaignresultedintheplantingof30milliontreesin30yearsandwonher,in2004,theNobelPrize,Felixendedhispresentationwithacalltoaction,“Let’splantamilliontreesineverycountryonearth!”“Beingfourthgraders,weprobablydidn’thavetheclearestideaofhowmanyamillionwas,”Felixrecallswithasmile.Thatdidn’tstopthemfromgettingtheballrolling,however.Justthreeyearslater,Felixandhisfriendshadplantedamillion.

Thesedays,PlantforthePlanetfunctionsasaninternationalyouthorganization.“Weseeourselvesasclimateprotectionadvocates,”Felixexplains.Inonedayworkshops,childrenandteenscanapplytobeeambassadorsforclimatejustice.Thisinvolvesholdingpresentations,organizinglocalcampaigns,andpassingtheirtrainingontoothers.Some63,000ambassadorsarecurrentlyactivein58countries.Whenitestoplantingtrees,PlantforthePlanetalsoworkswithotherorganizationstoensureahighstandardofquality.“Wemakesurethattherightkindsoftreesareplantedand,ideally,thattheycanbeusedinsometypeofeconomicactivity,”Felixreports.FelixisnowstudyinginternationalrelationsattheUniversityof5.Howmanytreeshavebeenplantedbytheprogramsofar?A.Overonemillion. B.About30million.C.Over15billion. D.Aboutatrillion.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段Today,PlantforthePlanet’streecounterstandsatwellover15billion这句话可知,菲利斯·芬克拜纳和他的“植树救地球组织(PlantforthePlanet)”迄今为止已经种植了超过150亿棵树。6.WhatdoweknowaboutWangariMaathaifromthetext?A.ShesetagoodexampletoFelixFinkbeiner.B.SheencouragedFelixFinkbeinertocarryonwithhisplan.C.ShehelpedFelixFinkbeinerwithhisPlantforthePlanetprogram.D.ShetaughtFelixFinkbeinerhowtoplantsomanytreesinsuchashorttime.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段HavingbeenimpressedbyWangariMaathai,aKenyanwomanwhoseheroiccampaignresultedintheplantingof30milliontreesin30yearsandwonher,in2004,theNobelPrize可知,肯尼亚环保主义者旺加里·马塔伊(WangariMaathai)30年种了3000万棵树,她的事迹深深打动了菲利斯·芬克拜纳。也就是说,这位非洲杰出女性给菲利斯·芬克拜纳树立了好榜样。7.Theunderlinedphrase“gettingtheballrolling”inParagraph4probablymeans“_________”.

A.startingdoingsomethingB.offeringahandtosomeoneinneedC.developingsomethingrapidlyD.takingpartinaballgame【解析】选A。词义猜测题。画线短语前一句说,作为四年级学生,菲利斯·芬克拜纳他们可能并不清楚一百万是什么概念。画线后一句说,仅仅三年后,菲利斯和他的朋友们就种植了一百万棵树。显然,菲利斯和他的朋友们开始了他们雄心勃勃的植树计划。由此可推测gettheballrolling的意思是“开始做某事(尤其是重大的事)”。8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TopromotethePlantforthePlanetprogram.B.Toreporttheheroicdeedsofayoungman.C.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D.Tocallonmorepeopletobeeambassadorsforclimatejustice.【解析】选B。目的意图题。文章讲述了PlantforthePlanet创始人菲利斯·芬克拜纳的事迹:他要和小伙伴们一起种植1万亿棵新树。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·杭州模拟)Howdoyourelaxafterastressfuldayintheoffice?Therearemanywaystohelpyourelax.1Ittakesalittleefforttogettherebutthebenefitsaregreatforourstressedoutlives.Iamtalkingabouttheactivityofforestbathing.

2Itwasintroducedasanationalhealthprogrammebythecountry’sgovernment.StressedJapaneseworkersaretodaystillrelaxingandreconnectingwithnature.TheForestTherapySocietyhascertified62foresttherapysitesinthecountryandtheforestbathingmovementisalsoboominginotherpartsoftheworld.Itsays,“Justasbathinginahotspringhelpstosoakyourcaresoff,goingforawalkinthewoodsissaidtohaveafortingeffect.”

Forestbathingisabouttakingtimetowanderthroughwoodlandwithnofixedplanorrouteandjustexposeyourselftotheforestatmosphere.3That’sparticularlygoodforpeoplewithmentalhealthissues.Astudyconductedin24forestsacrossJapanfoundthatwalkingamongtreesloweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems.4

AnotherstudycarriedoutafewyearsagobyStanfordUniversityintheUS,foundsimilarbenefits.Brainscansshowedreducedactivityinanareaofthebrainlinkedtotheriskofmentalillnessinparticipantswhotooka90minutewalkamongoaks,birdsandsquirrels.Oneoftheresearchers,GregoryBratman,said,“There’sanincreasingbodyofevidenceshowingthatnaturalareasbenefitusatleastemotionallywithourmoodandourphysicaldevelopmenttoo.”Theevidenceseemsclearthatforestbathingisashotinthearmforstressedoutworkers.Sonowisthetimetogetoutandloseyourselfinthenaturalenvironment.5

A.Butthebestwayliesinthegreatoutdoors.B.Connectingwithnaturehasneverbeenmoreurgent.C.Forestbathingisrisinginpopularityaroundtheworld.D.Havingthisexposuretonatureseemstopromotewellbeing.E.Youcouldevenhugatreeasitcouldbeyournewbestfriend!F.TheJapaneseconceptofforestbathingdatesbacktothe1980s.G.Italsofoundforestbathingcoulddecreasestress,anxiety,anddepression.【文章大意】本文是说明文。我们如何能够改善自己压抑的生活呢?作者在文章中给出了建议——森林浴。1.【解析】选A。结合上文的“Therearemanywaystohelpyourelax”和下文的“theactivityofforestbathing”可知,作者认为放松有很多种方式,下文又提到forestbathing这一户外活动,故选A项“Butthebestwayliesinthegreatoutdoors”中的thebestway呼应上文的manyways,greatoutdoors可以与文章中的theactivityofforestbathing相呼应。2.【解析】选F。结合下文的“Itwasintroduced...StressedJapaneseworkersaretodaystill...”可知,下文都在讲述森林浴的相关内容,而这与F项“TheJapaneseconceptofforestbathingdatesbacktothe1980s”(日本的森林浴概念可以追溯到20世纪80年代)相符。特别要注意关键词Japanese的匹配、空后的It指代选项中的forestbathing及文章中的todaystill与选项中的datesbackto的呼应。3.【解析】选D。结合上文提到的“exposeyourselftotheforestatmosphere”和下文的“goodforpeoplewithmentalhealthissues”“loweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems”可知,森林浴让人接触森林,体验大自然,这也有利于身心健康。要注意文章中的expose与选项中的exposure的呼应,且文中的“mentalhealth”“loweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems”与选项D中的“promotewellbeing”意义相符。4.【解析】选G。根据上文的“loweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems”可知,森林浴能够降低血压、脉搏,提升免疫系统能力等,这与G项“Italsofoundforestbathingcoulddecreasestress,anxiety,anddepression”(研究还发现森林浴可以减少压力、焦虑和抑郁)语意较一致。该题要注意上文和选项中都提到了森林浴的好处,同时也要注意lower与decrease的意义相近,以及选项中的also所表达的上下文的承接性。选项中的It指代上文的Astudy,且与下文的“Anotherstudy...found”呼应。因此答案选G项。5.【解析】选E。结合上文的“Theevidence...isthetimetogetoutand...”可知,此处主要讲述我们需要到外面去,拥抱大自然,这与E项“Youcouldevenhugatreeasitcouldbeyournewbestfriend!”(你甚至可以拥抱一棵树,因为它可能是你新的最好的朋友!)的语意较一致。要注意选项中的even(甚至)的语气表示递进,说明E项是对上文的进一步延伸,故答案为E项。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。TheEnvironmentAgencytodayissettingout1.planthatitleadsthewaytowardagreener,healthierfuture.Itsnew5yearplan,EA2025,callsforanewapproachwhichbettershealth,fairandenvironmentalimprovement.By2025theagencyaimstohavecreatedmoreclimateadaptiveplacesandinfrastructure(基础设施),byensuringthenationispreparedforflooding,coastalchangeanddrought.Theplanalsohighlightsarenewedfocus2.improvingthehealthofair,landandwaterforpeopleandnature—andensuringgreen3._________(grow)foralastingfuture.

Sincelockdownbegan,theEnvironmentAgency4.(remain)fullyoperational,withthemajorityofstaff5._________(work)fromhome,andfrontlinestaffremainingactiveonth