2023.06英语四级真题第1套

2023202361PAGE18页2023年6月英语四级真题第1套PartIWriting (30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisconductingasurveytocollectstudents'opinionsofonlineclasses.Youaretowritearesponsetothesurveyabouttheiradvantagesanddisadvantages,andwhatimprovementscanbemade.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension (25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Shewasinvolvedinaconflictwithbirdlovers.Shewaschargedwithmistreatinganimals.Shewasonbadtermswithherneighbors.Shewasaccusedofviolatingacitylaw.A)Itwilltaketimetosolvetheratproblem.Allwildanimalsshouldbewellprotected.Thewomanwasnottoblameforthesituation.Nooneshouldgounpunishedforviolatinglaw.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard,A)CommunicatewithastronautsinMarsDuneAlpha.WorkinanenvironmentresemblingMars.BuildaMartianhabitatinHouston.SendinapplicationsbeforeFriday.A)Ready-madefood. C)Foodtheygrow.Foodthatisorganic. D)Potatoesmostly.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Heapologizedforscratchinganathlete'sgoldmedal.HewasaskedtopresentagoldmedaltoMiuGoto.Hebitasoftballplayer'sOlympicgoldmedal.Heattractedpublicattentionatamediaevent.A)HaveanotherpicturetakenwiththeOlympicmedalist.ApologizetotheInternationalOlympicCommittee.Getthedamagedmedalrepaired.Payforthecostofanewmedal.A)Allownoonetotouchthem. C)Treatthemastreasures.Seethemassymbolsofhonor. D)Keeptheminasafeplace.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Shecovereditsscreenwithaplasticsheet.Sheconnecteditwithhersmartphone.Shedecorateditwithcolorfulstickers.Sheboughtsomenewsoftwareforit.A)Itmaynotbesimplyblue. C)Itismoreharmfultoyoungpeople.Itincludesunnaturallight. D)Itinducespeopletofallasleep.A)Hehashadmuchtroublefallingasleep.Hehashadsomesortofhealthproblems.Hehasstayedupplayingcomputergames.Hehasbeenburdenedwithexcessivework.A)Exposuretobluelightisthechiefcauseofobesity.Sleepmaybemoreimportantthanpeopleassumed.Sleepmayalsobenegativelyaffectedbynaturallight.Overuseofelectronicdevicesmaycauseheartdisease.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Whattheywantedtobewhengrownup.Whattheirfavoritecartooncharacterwas.Whattheylearnedfromcomputergames.Whattheylikedtodomostafterschool.A)Astockbroker. C)Amechanicalengineer.Apopsinger. D)Abasketballplayer.A)Ambitious. C)Imaginative.Sensible. D)Practical.A)Relaxtheirstrictcontroloftheirkids.Helptheirkidsunderstandthemselves.Imposetheirowndreamsontheirkids.Dismisstheirhighexpectationsoftheirkids.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Setupcompanybranches. C)IntroduceiPhonesintoitsmarkets.B)Improveitsinfrastructure. D)PromoteInternet-readyphones.A)TheycatertoAfricans'needs. C)Theyaremorepowerfulandcapable.B)Theyaremoreexpensivemodels. D)Theyboastthelongestbatterylife.A)Alargetouchscreen. C)Avoice-responsedevice.B)Anold-schoolkeypad. D)Adigitally-designedsystem.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itensuredsustainableeconomicgrowth.Itwasstronglyopposedbymanufacturers.Itwascheaperthanusingfossilfuelplastic.Itsatisfiedconsumerdemandsonthewhole.A)Thecapacitytomassproduceit.TheU.S.federalgovernment'sregulations.Aboominmarketdemandforclearplasticbottles.ArapidincreaseinU.S.petroleumchemicalproduction.A)Requirecompaniestouse30%ofnewplastic.Increasethesupplyofnewplasticinthemarket.Reducetheamountofplasticpollutioninlocalareas.Takemeasurestopromotetheuseofrecycledplastic.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itstudiesdreams. C)Itisahotelforbusinesspeople.B)Itrentsaplacefornap-takers. D)Itisanapresearchinstitute.A)Tofindoutcreativepeople'sworkperformance.Toseehowmanypeoplecangowithoutnapping.Tounderstandtheobviousimportanceofnapping.Tofeelhowdifficultitistogethisideaacross.A)Theydeclineduetopointlessmeetings.Theydependonhisabilitytoconcentrate.Theyenablehimtoenjoyacreativecareer.Theyareaffectedbytheoveruseofsocialmedia.A)Somebossesassociatenappingwithlaziness.Manyofficeworkersnapduringworkhours.Somebossescanconcentratewithoutnapping.Manyofhisfriendsdaydreamintheoffice.PartIIIReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Youprobablyhaven'ttakenthetimetothinkofalltheworkthatwentintocreatingtheshirtonyourback.Imean,howharditcouldbetocreatefabricand26itintoashirtshape.Don'tmachinesdoallthat?Well,creatingfabricfromcotton,whichisthemost27clothingmaterial,isactuallyaprocessthatinvolvesalotofwater,2,700literspershirttobe28.TakealookatthevideobelowfromNationalGeographicforsomemoremind-blowing29aboutcottonclothingproduction.Cleanwateris30becomingoneofthemostsought-afterresourcesintheworld.Givenhowlargethe31andcottonindustriesare,theytakeupalotofourfreshwaterdemandsacrosstheworld,accordingtoTheHuffingtonPost.ThevideofromNationalGeographicwascreatedtospread32ofhowenvironmentallyharmfulcottonis.Butthesituationcanbemadebetter.Throughbetterwatermanagementandfarmingpractices,waterusageincottonproductioncanbecutdownby3340percent.Called"BetterCotton",thisenvironmentallyconsciousproductwillsavemillionsoflitersofwaterayearsimplyfrom34thedemandsofcottonproduction.Cottondoesn'thavetogo,sinceitis,afterall,oneofthemostusefulcashcropsacrosstheglobe.However,aswatersupplies35,farmersandconsumersneedtobemoreconsciousoftheeffectthattheseproductshaveontheenvironmentasawhole.abstractsabstractsabundantawarenessconscienceexactincreasinglyintensemendnearlyreckoningreducingsewshrinkstatisticstextileSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThespokenwebWe'regrowingmoreusedtochattingtoourcomputers,phonesandsmartspeakersthroughvoiceassistantslikeAmazon'sAlexa,Apple'sSiriandMicrosoft'sCortana.Blindandpartiallysightedpeoplehavebeenusingtext-to-speechconvertersfordecades.Outoftheseassistants,Siriisthemostwell-known.Theassistantusesvoiceinquiriesandanatural-languageuserinterface(界面)toanswerquestions.Thesoftwareadaptstousers'individuallanguageusages,searches,andpreferences,withcontinuinguse.Somethinkvoicecouldsoontakeoverfromtypingandclickingasthemainwaytointeractonline.Butwhatarethechallengesofmovingto"thespokenweb"?Whatuseiswrittenonlinecontentifyoucan'tread?Thatisthesituationfacingilliterate不识字的)Africanfarmers.Theyareoftendeniedcrucialinformationtheweboffersmanyothers.WithaliteracyrateinsomepartsofAfricaatonly22.6%,farmersareoften"underpaidfortheirproducebecausetheymightbeunawareoftheprevailingprices,"saysFrancisDittoh,aresearcherbehindMrMeteo,aspeech-basedweatherinformationservice."Themostfrequentlyheardcomplaintisaboutrainfallpredictions,"saysMrDittoh,wholivesinTamale,northernGhana."Theytellusthemethodstheirforefathersusedtopredicttheweatherdon'tseemtoworkaswellthesedays."Thisisdowntoclimatechange,hebelieves.Yetknowingwhenit'sgoingtorainisvitalforfarmerswantingtosowseeds,irrigatecropsortaketheiranimalsouttothefieldstofeedongrass.MrDittohsaystheideaofconvertingonlineweatherreportsintospeechcamefromthefarmersthemselves,afteraworkshopinthevillageofGuabuligah."Theycameupwiththis,"hesays.MrMeteotakestheonlineweatherforecast,convertsittoashortrecordingintheappropriatelanguageandmakesitavailableonabasicphone.Farmersringuptoreceivetheinformation.ThelocallanguageDagbaniisspokenby1.2millionpeoplebutisnotservedbyanyonlinetranslationapplications.Theservicewasdesignedtobecheapandeasytorun,saysMrDittoh.Heplanstobeginfieldteststhismonth,workingwithTamale'sSavannaAgriculturalResearchInstitute.Thespokenwebcouldalsohelptheone-in-fiveadultsinEuropeandtheU.S.withpoorreadingskills.Butbuildingthespokenweb—web-to-voiceandvoice-to-web—isn'tstraightforward.ForsoftwaretounderstandpizzaisservedatItalianrestaurantsiseasy.Tocovermultipledomainsandtobeabletohaveaconversationwithusersoneverysingletopicisstillalongwayoff.Soalthoughmanycomputerassistantscananswersimplequestionsabouttheweatherandplaymusicforus,anythingresemblingawide-ranginghumanconversationisdecadesaway.Artificialintelligencejustisn'tsmartenoughyet.Eventurningyourvoiceintotext—automaticspeechrecognition—isoneofthehardestproblemstosolve,asthereareasmanywaystopronouncethingsastherearepeopleontheplanet.Sirihasoftenbeenpraisedforitsabilitytointerpretourcasuallanguageanddeliververyspecificandaccurateresults,sometimesevenprovidingadditionalinformation.Butitisstillsomewhatrestricted,particularlywhenthelanguagemovesawayfromstiffercommandsintomorehumaninteractions.Inoneexample,thephrase"SendatexttoJason,Clint,Sam,andLeesayingwe'rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant"wasinterpretedassendingamessagetoJasononly,containingthetext"ClintSamandLeesayingwe'rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant".IthasalsobeennotedthatSirilacksapropereditingfunction,assaying"Editmessagetosay:we'reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus"generates"ClintSamandLeesayingwe'rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestauranttosaywe'reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus".Usingvoiceinteractionfeelsfarmoreintimatethansurfingthenettheold-fashionedway.Thisisintentionalastheinformaltoneoftheassistanthelpscreateanemotionalattachment.Butifsomethingspeaks,itmustalsolisten.Ourphonesarealwaysnearusandtheyarecollectingdataaboutusallthetime.Thishasalreadyraisedprivacyconcerns.TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionhasstatedthatdigitalassistantscreateathreattoprivacyfromhackers.Somepeoplehaveotherconcerns.Theyworryassistantswillonedaybeusedtodeliveradvertisingdirectlytous.Butdigitalvoicesneedmorepersonalitytomakethempopular.Robotsarenotyetwitty,Siriisboring.Thebenefitsofusingvoiceinsteadoftappingfingersobviouslydependonthecontext.Doctorscompletingonlineformsabouttheirpatientsbyspeech,forexample,candictate150wordsaminute,threetimesfasterthantypingonakeyboard.Thisenablesthemtospendlesstimeonadministrationandmoretimewithpatients.Lastyear,speechrecognitioncompanyNuancehelpedadoctors'surgeryinDukinfield,nearManchester,setupaspeechsystemforthepractice'ssixdoctors.Nowtheycandictatenotesonapatient'shealthconditionandtreatmentandasmartassistantautomaticallyenterstheinformationintotherightfieldsonawebform.Previously,thedoctorsmadevoicerecordingsthatwerethentranscribedbysecretaries—aprocessthatwascostlyandlikelytocausedelays.Thenewsystemmeansletterstopatientsnowhavemoredetail.Usingvoicealsomakessensewhenyou'redoingotherthingswithyourhands.Thinkaboutwhenyou'recooking,andyoujustwanttoknowwhatthenextstepintherecipeis.Yourhandsarecoveredwithoil;you'renotgoingtogetontheiPad,soit'salotmorenaturaltotalk.Andspeechobviouslymakessensewhenyou'redriving.IntheU.S.,29%ofdriversadmittheysurfbehindthewheel,accordingtoinsurancefirmStateFarm.Thisisupfrom13%in2009.Nowonderusingmobilephoneswhiledrivingcausesmorecrashesayearthandrinkdriving,saystheU.S.NationalSafetyCouncil. AccordingtoFrancisDittoh,theirspeech-basedweatherinformationservicewasmeanttobeinexpensiveandeasytouse.Usingvoiceinsteadoftypingenablesdoctorstospendmoretimetakingcareofpatients.Itisextremelydifficulttoconvertvoiceintotextbecauseofdifferentpronunciations.Africanfarmersunabletoreadoftendon'thaveaccesstoimportantinformationconveyedonline.Somephoneusersworryadvertiserswilltakeadvantageofvoiceassistantstosendadsdirectlytothem.Thespokenwebishelpfulwhenone'shandsareoccupied.Somepeoplebelieveonlineinteractionwouldsoondependmainlyonvoice.Settingupaspokenwebisbynomeansaneasytask.Weatherinformationisextremelyimportanttofarmers.Somepeopleareconcernedaboutprivacybecausetheirphonesareconstantlycollectingtheirpersonalinformation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheUnitedStatesisfacingahousingcrisis:Affordablehousingisinadequate,whileluxuryhomesabound（),andhomelessnessremainsapersistentproblem.Despitethis,popularcultureandthehousingindustrymarkethappinessaslivingwithbothmorespaceandmoreamenities(便利设施).Bighousesareadvertizedasarewardforhardworkanddiligence,turninghousingfromabasicnecessityintoaluxury.Thisisreflectedinourhomes.Theaveragesingle-familyhomebuiltintheUnitedStatesbefore1970waslessthan1,500squarefeetinsize.By2016,theaveragesizeofanew,single-familyhomewas2,422squarefeet.What'smore,homesbuiltinthe2000sweremorelikelythanearliermodelstohavemoreofalltypesofspaces;bedrooms,bathrooms,livingrooms,diningrooms,recreationroomsandgarages.Thereareconsequencesoflivingbig.Asmiddle-classhouseshavegrownlarger,twothingshavehappened.First,largehousestaketimetomaintain,socleanersandotherlow-wageserviceworkersarerequiredtokeepthesehousesinorder.Second,once-publicspaces,wherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundsusedtocometogether,haveincreasinglybecomeprivatized,leadingtoareductioninthenumberofpublicfacilitiesavailabletoall,andareducedqualityoflifeformany.Takeswimmingpools.Whilein1950,only2,500U.S.familiesownedpools,by1999thisnumberwas4million.Atthesametime,publicmunicipalpoolswereoftenclosed,leavinglow-incomepeoplenowheretoswim.Thetrendforbiggerhousingthusposesethicalquestions.ShouldAmericansacceptasysteminwhichthemiddleandupperclassesenjoyaluxuriouslifestyle,usingthelow-wagelaborofothers?Arewewillingtoacceptasysteminwhichanincreaseinamenitiespurchasedbytheaffluentmeansareductioninamenitiesforthepoor?Ibelieveneitherisacceptable.Wemustchangethewaywethink:livingwelldoesnotneedtomeanhavingmoreprivatespaces;instead,itcouldmeanhavingmorepublicspaces.Abettergoalthanbuildingbiggerhousesforsomeistocreatemorepubliclyaccessiblespacesandamenitiesforall.WhatarebighousespromotedtobeintheUnitedStates?Aluxuryforthehomeless. C)Anabundantsourceofcomforts.Arewardforindustriousness. D)Anabsolutenecessityforhappiness.Whatisoneoftheconsequencesoflivingbig?ManyAmericans'qualityoflifehasbecomelower.Peoplefromdiversebackgroundsnolongersocialize.Peoplenolongerhaveaccesstopublicswimmingpools.ManyAmericans'privatelifehasbeennegativelyaffected.Whatquestionsarisefromlivingbig?Questionsrelatedtomoralprinciples.Questionshavingtodowithlaborcost.Questionsaboutwhatlifestyletopromote.Questionsconcerninghousingdevelopment.Whatkindofsocialsystemdoestheauthorthinkisunacceptable?Oneinwhichthewealthyexploitthelow-wagelaborersbuildingtheirhouses.Oneinwhichtherichpurchaseamenitiesatanincreasinglyunjustifiableprice.Oneinwhichtheupperclassesdeprivethelowerclassesofaffordablehousing.Oneinwhichtheaffluentenjoyamorecomfortablelifeattheexpenseofthepoor.Whatdoestheauthoradvocateforpeopletolivewell?Findingwaystoturnprivatespacesintopublicones.Buildingmorehousesaffordabletothoselessaffluent.Morepublicspacescreatedforeveryonetoenjoy.Allamenitiesmadeaccessibletotherichandthepooralike.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofusintheentrepreneurialcommunityareblessed—orcursed—withhigher-than-averageambition.Ambitiouspeoplestronglydesireaccomplishmentsandarewillingtotakemorerisksandspendmoreefforttogetthem.Overall,thisisapositivequality,especiallyforpeopletryingtobuildtheirownbusinesses.Apparently,ifyou'remorenaturallydriventosetgoals,youaremorelikelytosucceed.Actually,thisisn'talwaysthecase.Infact,insomecases,extremeambitionmayendupdoingmoreharmthangood.Onemajorsideeffectofexcessiveambitionisthetendencytofocustoodeterminedlyononeparticularvisionorendgoal.Thisisproblematicbecauseithindersyourabilitytoadapttonewcircumstances,whichisvitalifyouwanttobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.Ifanewcompetitoremergestothreatenyourbusiness,youmayneedtochangedirection,evenifthatmeansstrayingfromyouroriginalvision.Ifyouhavetoomuchambition,you'llfindthishard,ifnotimpossible.Fewpeoplearesuccessfulwhentheytrytobuildtheirfirstbrand.Unfortunately,forthemostambitiousentrepreneurs,afailureisseenasdisastrous,andimpossibletorecoverfrom.It'sacleardeparturefromtheintendedplantowardtheintendedgoal.Forpeoplewithlimitedambition,however,failureisviewedassomethingclosertoreality.Remember,failureisinevitable