b8英语语法复习：简单句、复杂句+学案

简单句的五种基本句型，并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法人按句子的用途可分四种:1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Wheredidyougoyesterday?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don'ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Whatanexcitingfilmitwas!Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。如：HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2）并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous,前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。如：TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词：Everybodysmiled.Sheoftendreams.Theenginebrokedown.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?2、主语+及物动词+宾语：Maryboughtabook.Doyouknowthem?Ifinishedreadingthetext.Youmusttrytoimprove.令在此句型中,及物动词后常跟_ 等作宾语。3、主语+系动词+表语：Itsoundsagoodidea.Hehasfallenill.Summerisover.Thestudentsareinfavorofreform.Theirfavoritepastimeisplayingchess.Theonlythingnowistotakeataxi.令常用的系动词有一 等;TOC\o"1-5"\h\z可作表语成分的有一 等。4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：Myfathergavemeadictionary.（可用to改写一 ）rilmakeyousomefreshtea.（可用for改写f ）Theyforgavehimhiscrimes.令直接宾语表示动词作用的对象,通常指的是物；间接宾语表示动作所指向的人,一般位于直接宾语之前,如果间接宾语位于直接宾语之后,则由介词to,for等引出。5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Shewishedherselfhome.Heputhisbooksinorder.IsawherchattingwithNancy.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Tommadethebabylaugh.Youmustmakeyourselfrespected.令此句型中的宾语后需跟上宾语补足语才完整,宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。常见的用TOC\o"1-5"\h\z作宾语补足语的有 等。♦Exercisel：判断下面各句分别属于简单句的哪种基本句型：Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.( )Doingthatwouldbeplayingwithfire.( )3.1willtellmyfriendstoprotecttheenvironment.( )Theykepttheirmarriageasecret.( )Shegavemehertelephonenumber.( )Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.( )advisewaitingtilltherighttime.( )Didyousleepwell?( )Horse-ridingandshootingaresomeofthemoreunusualevents.(Popmusicmakespeoplefeeleasyandforgetabouttherealworld.(（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…，neither…nor…，then等连接。如：Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…，otherwise等。如：Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。如:Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。如：Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（四）复合句复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成分，有一定的意义,故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。从句有三种：.名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）Whenthetrainwillarriveisunknown.Everybodyknowsthatmoneydoesn'tgrowontrees.Thisiswhatweshoulddo.Shetoldusherhopethatshewouldbecomeapianist..定语从句(形容词性从句)HeisthemanwhoIsawintheparkyesterday..状语从句(副词性从句)Heisabsenttoday,becauseheisill.♦Exercise!：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：( )1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.( )2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.( )3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn9tthere?( )4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.( )5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.( )6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.( )7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.( )8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?( )9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.( )10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.（五）高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2.祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.♦巩固练习：一、选择填空：Givemeonemoreminuterilbeabletofinishit.D.soD.hasn'titD.soD.hasn'titD.willyouD.isn'the?

*C.isn'tit?

*C.isn'titC.won'tweC.isheA.hasn'theB.isn'theLetuspass,?A.shan'tweB.shallwesupposehe'sserious, ?A.doI B.don'tII'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.and B.but C.so D.becauseJohnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.A.Henryhasn'ttoo B.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhas D.neitherhasHenryTherearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,othersenjoyswimming.A.or B.for C.while D.so——Doyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?——I'dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.but.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?A.Yes,heisn't B.No,heisn'tC.No,heisA.orB.andC.but.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?A.Yes,heisn't B.No,heisn'tC.No,heis.friendlytoeveryone!A.How,isshe B.What,issheC.How,sheis.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.A.or B.so C.for.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.A.yethe B.buthe C.he.downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.A.Turning B.Turn C.Turned.——Idon'tlikechickenfish.——Idon'tlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.A.or,but B.and,but C.or,and.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?——rdliketo,I'mtoobusy.A.and B.so C.asD.soD.HeisD.What,sheisD.yetD.andD.ToturnD.and,andD.but二、用适当的连接词填空：Heclosedthewindow,turnedoffthelightlefttheroom.SheisAmericanshespeaksChineseveryfluently.Itisfoggytoday,wecan'tseedistanthills.Helikessports,Fdrathercollectstamps.hecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewershowedtheirinterestinhislesson.wishedwecouldgosightseeinginHangzhouthissummerandwecouldbuysomebooksonourwaybackinShanghai.Sheexpressedthehopeshewouldwriteanovelsomeday.ThegirlEnglishisverygoodwonthefirstplaceinthe100-metrerace,madeallofusveryhappy.PleasetellusthetimeweshallhavetheChineseexam.ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperlaterapostmaster.三、将下列句子译成英语:.汤姆决心不再迟到了。.我很饿，请给我一点东西吃。.老师讲话时，我们得保持安静，对不对?.我们把英语看作日常工作中的一种有用的工具。.他们取消了上个星期天去扬州的游览，因为整整下了一天雨。.金钱就是一切，这个观点我不喜欢。.在黑暗的大街上，没有一个她可以寻求帮助的人。•他在这家工厂工作了十年之后就出国了。练习参考答案练习参考答案♦Exercisel：1.S+Vi.2.S+linkV+P3.S+Vt.+O6.S+Vt.+O+O.C.7.S+Vt.+O8.S+Vi.1.S+Vi.2.S+linkV+P3.S+Vt.+O6.S+Vt.+O+O.C.7.S+Vt.+O8.S+Vi.4.S+Vt.+O+O.C.5.S+Vt.+LO+D.O9.S+linkV+P1