2023年全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案

生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生；生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要反复，但不能重蹈覆辙。-----无名2023年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofFreeAdmissiontoMuseums.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.越来越多旳博物馆免费开放旳目旳是什么？

2.也会带来某些问题

3.你旳见解

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HowDoYouSeeDiversity

Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.

Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasOptthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.

“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofeyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”

Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunderstandingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.

HireAdvantage

Atatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏见)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.

“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestateteethesbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletosayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”‘

BlindedbyGender

Daleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.

“Ihadamanagementpositionopenintoydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.liedInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtohehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-Intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.

“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation.Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallotsthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”

YearoftheKnow-It-All

Dougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Fierecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.

“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong’,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimatongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.

“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYearoff,nottheWesternNewYear.HeexplainedpolitelythatinhisculturethenewyeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.

“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithtoyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”

ABetterBottomLine

Anopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.“MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asaresult,Octcustomerbasehasincreased.”

Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals,anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.

WhenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromOctpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc.,toebegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷旳)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtovan)ourselvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate’?

A)Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.

B)Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.

C)Hisresumedidn’tprovidethenecessaryinformation.

D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.

2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom

A)racialstereotypes

B)invalidpersonalbias

C)culturalignorance

D)emphasisonphysicalappearance

3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.

B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.

C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.

D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.

4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?

A)Arealestateagency.

B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.

C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.

D)Ahi-techcompany.

5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat____.

A)hehadhiredthewrongperson

B)hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany

C)hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell

D)hemustgetridofhisgenderbias

6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?

A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.

B)Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.

C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.

D)Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.

7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?

A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.

B)Hedemandedanexplanation.

C)Heflatlyturneditdown.

D)Hereadilyapprovedit.

8.Dougfelt____whenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.

9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceof____totheirbusiness.

10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe____betweenus.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.

B)Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.

C)Shethrewasurprisepartyforherfriend.

D)Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.

12.A)Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.

B)TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.

C)Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.

D)Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet.

13.A)Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.

B)Hewasverycourageous.

C)Heusedtobeafirefighter.

D)Hewasaccusedofcausingafire.

14.A)Makeaprofitableinvestment.

B)Buyanewwashingmachine.

C)GetpartsforthemachinefromJapan.

D)Havetheoldwashingmachinefixed.

15.A)Heispleasedwithhisexcitingnewjob.

B)Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable.

C)Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim.

D)Heisnottoexcitedabouthisnewposition.

16.A)Thewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartytomorrow.

B)Themanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodois.

C)Thewomandoesn’tknowhowtogettotheparty.

D)Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.

17.A)Drawingupabusinessplan.

B)Discussingatermpaper.

C)Finalizingacontract.

D)Reviewingaco-authoredarticle.

18.A)Sheorderedsomepaper.

B)Shehadtheprinterrepaired.

C)Shechattedonlinewithafriend.

D)Shefilledinanapplicationform.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Hishealthisgettingworse.

B)Hecannolongerworkatsea.

C)Hispastlifeupsetshimagooddeal.

D)Hehasnotgottheexpectedpension.

20.A)Shepassedawayyearsago.

B)Sheusedtoworkasamodel.

C)Shehasbeenworkingataclinic.

D)ShehasbeenseriouslyItforyears.

21.A)Shehasmadelotsofmoneyasadoctor.

B)Sheisgoingtotakecareofherolddad.

C)Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.

D):Sheiskindandgenerousbynature.

22.A)Hodinesoutwithhiswifeeveryweekend.

B)Heisexcellentbutlooksbad-tempered.

C)Hedoesnotcareabouthisappearance.

D)Heisnotquitepopularwithhispatients.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Themanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistake.

B)Someofthetelephonesystemsdon’tworkproperly.

C)Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.

D)Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.

24.A)Sendaserviceengineertodotherepairs.

B)Consultherbossaboutthebestsolution.

C)Passtheman’sordertotherightperson.

D)Solvetheproblemathercompany’scost.

25.A)ideal.

B)Temporary.

C)Partial.

D)Creative.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Itisentertaining.

B)Itisacostlyhobby.

C)Ittakeslotsoftime.

D)Itrequirestraining.

27.A)Theycanharmnearbyplants.

B)Theymaycatchsomedisease.

C)Theyfighteachotherforfood.

D)Theymaypollutetheenvironment.

28.A)Placethefoodonwarmerspots.

B)Usepreparedfeedmixturesonly.

C)Avoidusinganycontaminatedfood

D)Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.

PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)Hewillbetrayevenhisbestfriends.

B)Heisabletomakeupgoodexcuses.

C)Hewillliewheneverhewants.

D)Hetriestoachievehisgoalatanycost.

30.A)Shemadehimapologize.

B)Shereadilyforgavehim.

C)Shebrokeupwithhim.

D)Sherefusedtoanswerhiscalls.

31.A)Buyhosenewsetoftires.

B)Helpcleanherapartment.

C)Lendherhisbatteries.

D)Movefurnitureforher.

PassageThreeshorehoofVoice!

PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.

B)Theirparentsputtoomuchpressureonthem.

C)It’shardforthemtogetalongwithotherkids.

D)Theyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirparents.

33.A)Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather.

B)Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing.

C)Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.

D)Heistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedproperty.

34.A)ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalcare

B)Shehasnoexperienceinraisingchildren.

C)Shewantstoshowoffherwealth.

D)Shehasnotimetodoitherself.

35.A)ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies.

B)Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.

C)Theattentionthemediafocusesonthem.

D)Thepursuingofperfectioninperformance.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Around120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He(36)____onstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember(37)____.Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis(假设),whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn(38)____onthetimeyouspendtryingtolessit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.

Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone,thereisthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyforfourhours(39)____ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina(40)____?Theanswer,asyoumayhave(41)____,isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This(42)____,throughwhichtoocanlearnmore(43)____bydividingourpracticetime,isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,((44)__________________________________________.

Butwe’renotfinishedyet.Wehaven’tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime.(45)__________________________________________.Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession,orlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?(46)__________________________________________.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwritingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments__47__it.Theyfindthewritingprocess__48__anddifficult.

HowawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinitEnglish.withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansionandneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknots,asateachermy__51__istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto__52__themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.

Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedonejustlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand__54__afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.

ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and__55__lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep__56__tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)closerI)painfulB)dailyJ)performanceC)emotionalK)professionD)enhanceL)remarkablyE)enormousM)requireF)especiallyN)sensitiveG)hinderO)urgeH)mission

SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.

Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofind.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandwhatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.

Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型旳)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.

Someanalysts(分析师)flarelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer.Whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But—thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers—onedayitwillbe.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?

A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.

B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.

C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.

D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.

58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat____.

A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials

B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials

C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials

D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable

59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion____.

A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree

B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworld

C)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices

D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport

60.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?

A)Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.

B)Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainable.

C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.

D)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea.

61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?

A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.

B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.

C)Consumershavethefinalsay.

D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.

PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(缕)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.

Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.

“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyourhair,”saidThureCeiling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.

WhileU.S.dietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraincloudsmove.

Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素).Theheaviestrainfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.

SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.

Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamapoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyorthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.

Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofrainsystems.

“It’snotgoodforpinpointing(精确定位),”Cedingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”

ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.

Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.

WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.

ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.

“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid.“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?

A)One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.

B)Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.

C)Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.

D)Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.

63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Para.3)?

A)Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.

B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.

C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues.

D)Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence.

64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest?

A)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.

B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.

C)Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.

D)Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.

65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?

A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.

B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.

C)Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.

D)Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.

66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?

A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.

B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.

C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.

D)Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.

PartVCloze(15minutes)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’syoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable__67__.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses__68__subwaysandtrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays.__69__,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”

Sudareflectsaworrisome__70__inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,__71__amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.__72__mini-carsandluxury