计算机专业常用英语市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件

2.1ReducedInstructionSetComputers1.architecture体系结构2.RISCReducedInstructionsetComputing精简指令集计算技术比较CISCcomplexInstructionsetComputing复杂指令集计算技术3.assignmentstatement赋值语句4.optimizev.优化optimizer优化器[程序]1/9515.compiler编译器，编译程序compilev.编译compiledlanguage编译语言6.branchn.分支；连接；转移branchinstruction转移指令，分支指令branchpoint转移点，分支点branchprediction转移预测，分支预测2/9527.frequency频率Time时间Amplitude振幅sinewave正弦波period周期phase相位phasedifference相位差3/953比较constantn.常量9.variablen.变量10.moden.方式，模式，状态compatibilitymode兼容方式4/954比较model模型

module模块

modulo模(运算)11.opcode操作码(operationcode)12.decodev.译码decoder译码器，解码器，翻译程序5/9552.2MicroprocessorAndMicrocomputer1.integratedcircuit集成电路integratedsoftware集成软件比较integration集成；芯片封装；积分

integrator积分电路，积分器

integrity完整性2.semiconductor半导体3.chip芯片6/9564.package软件包；(封装)外壳packagedsoftware套装软件比较packetn.(信息)包；(报文)分组

packv.压缩5.descendingsort降序排序比较ascendingsort升序排序7/9576.superscalar超标量结构superclass超类supercomputer超级计算机superconductor超导体superscript上标Amicroprocessorarchitecturethatenablesthemicroprocessortoexecutemultipleinstructionsperclockcycle.遵照此结构微处理器能在一个时钟周期内执行多条指令。8/9587.complexnumber复数比较realnumber实数8.MultimediaExtensions多媒体扩展(技术)multimedia多媒体extension扩展名9.benckmarkn.基准(测试)程序

v.测量性能Atestusedtomeasurehardwareorsoftwareperformance.一个用于测量硬件或软件性能测试程序。9/95910.decompressionn.解压缩(uncompression)比较compressionn.压缩

compressv.压缩

compressorn.压缩器11.conventionn.要求，约定conventionalmemory常规内存12.transistor晶体管(transferresistor)Emitter发射极Base基极Collector集电极10/951013.odd奇数比较even偶数14.compatibility兼容性11/951116.idlea.空闲，等候idlestate空闲状态Operationalbutnotinuse.用来说明处于可操作状态但不在使用。12/951218.launchv.开启，激活19.prototyping原型法20.projectn.投影运算21.workstation工作站13/95132.3Multiprocessing1.parallela.并联；并行parallelaccess并行存取parallelcomputer并行计算机parallelinterface并行接口parallelprocessing并行处理paralleltransmission并行传输比较seriala.串行14/95142.fixeda.固定fixed-lengthfield定长字段fixed-pointarithmetic定点运算3.task任务4.trafficn.通信[业务]量Theloadcarriedbyacommunicationslinkorchannel.通信链路或信道载送负荷。5.throughoutn.吞吐量15/95156.sharev.共享sharedresource共享资源shareware共享软件7.LAN局域网localareanetwork比较WAN广域网wideareanetworkMAN城域网metropolitanareanetwork8.library(程序)库，库16/95169.singlethreading单线程处理方式single-precision单精度single-usercomputer单用户计算机thread线程；线索threadedtree线索树threading线程技术Withinaprogram,therunningofasingleprocessatatime.在程序中，一次运行一个进程方式。17/951710.locala.局部；当地[机]localhost本(主)机比较remotea.远程

remoteaccess远程访问

remotecommunications远程通信

remoteterminal远程终端11.ringnetwork环形网络

ringtopology环形拓扑18/951812.masterprocessor主处理器masterfile主文件masterrecord主统计masterarrangement主配置比较slaven.从设备19/951913.kerneln.内核[关键]程序Thecoreofanoperatingsystem—theportionofthesystemthatmanagesmemory,files,andperipheraldevices;maintainsthetimeanddate;launchesapplications;andallocatessystemresources.操作系统内核，是管理内存、文件和外围设备，维持时间和日期，开启应用程序，以及分配系统资源那部分操作系统。14.SMPsymmetricmultiprocessing

对称多处理(技术、体系结构)20/95202.4MeasuringComputerPerformance1.intervaln.间隔，间歇2.parametern.参数3.initializev.初始化

initializationn.初始化4.derivedclass派生类Inobject-orientedprogramming,aclasscreatedfromanotherclass,calledthebaseclass.Aderivedclassinheritsallthefeaturesofitsbaseclass.在面向对象程序设计中，从基类中产生类。派生类继承基类所以属性。21/95215.clock时钟(电路)Theelectroniccircuitinacomputerthatgeneratesasteadystreamoftimingpulses—thedigitalsignalsthatsynchronizeeveryoperation.计算机内产生稳定时序脉冲信号电子电路，该数字信号同时每次操作。clockrate时钟频率clockspeed时钟速度clockpulse时钟脉冲22/95226.MIPSmillionsofinstructionspersecond百万条指令每秒Acommonmeasureofprocessorspeed.一个测量处理器运行速率度量单位。7.sortv.排序；分类bubblesort冒泡排序distributivesort分布排序insertionsort插入排序mergesort合并排序quicksort快速排序23/95238.portn.端口

v.转出，移出Aninterfacethroughwhichdataistransferredbetweenacomputerandotherdevices(suchasaprinter,keyboardormouse),anetwork,oradirectconnectiontoanothercomputer.一个接口，数据经过它能够在计算机和其它设备之间、网络之间或者其它直接相连计算机之间进行传输。Tochangeaprograminordertobeabletorunitonadifferentcomputer.改变一个程序，使之能在不一样计算机上运行。24/95243.1BooleanAlgebra1.Booleanalgebra布尔代数Booleanexpression布尔表示式Booleanoperator布尔运算符2.complement补码Complementaryoperation求反运算25/95253.union并集比较intersect交

difference差4.negation非5.vector向量26/95263.2GraphTheory1.vertex顶点2.edge边3.graph图Ifanytwonodesinagraphcanbeconnectedbyapathalongedges,thegraphissaidtobeconnected.假如图中任意两个结点间都能够用一条路径沿着边线连接起来，那么该图则被称为连通。27/9527Asubgraphisasubsetofthenodesandedgeswithinagraph.子图是图中结点和边线子集。Agraphisdirected(adigraph)ifeachedgelinkstwonodestogetheronlyinonedirection.假如每条边线仅在一个方向上将两个结点连接起来，则该图为有向图。Agraphisweightedifeachedgehassomevalueassociatedwithit.假如每条边线都有一些相关值，则该图为加权图。28/95284.Loopn.v.循环loopcheck循环检测loopconfiguration循环配置loopstructure循环结构5.circuitn.电路circuitboard电路板29/95296.tree树root根child孩子parent双亲leafnode叶子结点subtree子树30/95303.3CombinatorialProblems1.combinatorics组合数学Abranchofmathematicsrelatedtoprobabilityandstatistics,involvesthestudyofcounting,grouping,andarrangementoffinitesetsofelements.相关概率和统计一个数学分支，研究对元素有限集合计算、分组和排列。2.counter计数器countingloop计数循环31/95313.list表listbox列表框比较queue队列

deque双端队列

stack堆栈4.naturalnumber自然数Anintegerthatisequaltoorgreaterthanzero.大于等于零整数。32/9532naturallanguage自然语言5.error错误criticalerror严重错误fatalerror致命错误harderror硬错误inherenterror固有错误intermittenterror间歇错误logicerror逻辑错误overflowerror溢犯错33/9533erroranalysis错误分析errorchecking错误检测法error-correctingcode纠错码errordetectionandcorrection检错纠错法errorrate犯错率errortrapping错误捕捉比较fault故障；失效34/95346.object目标码；对象；物体objectcode目标代码objectfile目标文件object-orienteda.面向对象7.calculator计算器35/95358.zeron.零v.置零Zerodivide除（以）零Zeroflag零标志Zero-lengthstring空[零长度]字符串Zeroout置零Zerosuppression消零Nonreturntozero不归零36/95369.induction感应inductor电感器比较inductance电感，自感10.recursion递归37/95373.4AlgorithmAndItsMeasures1.algorithm算法algorithmlanguage算法语言ALGOL语言——AlgorithmLanguage2.formula公式3.boundn.界、限v.约束upperbound上限lowerbound下限38/95384.proceduren.过程procedurecall过程调用5.attributen.属性6.lineara.线性linearlist线性表7.matrixn.矩阵8.one-dimensionalarray一维数组39/95399.poly-[前缀]多、复、聚polygon多边形polyline折线polymorphism多态性40/95405.ordern.次序v.排序6.dot点，点分符dot-matrixn.a.点阵dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机dotpitch点距7.sheetn.表单8.indexn.v.索引；下标41/959.assignmentstatement赋值语句assignmentoperator赋值操作符10.update更新；修改42/954.2TypicalDataStructure–StacksAndQueues1.array数组2.recordn.v.统计3.stack栈，堆栈pop出栈push入栈，压栈4.queuen.队列v.排队43/955.routine例程Anysectionofcodethatcanbeinvoked(executed)withinaprogram.程序内能够调用（执行）任何代码段。subroutine子例程44/954.physicala.物理，实际physicaladdress物理地址physicallayer物理层比较logicala.逻辑5.designv.设计designcycle设计周期Allthephasesinvolvedindevelopingandproducingnewhardwareorsoftware.设计或开发新硬件或软件所包括全部阶段。45/95456.general-purposecomputer通用计算机general-purpose

controller通用控制器general-purposelanguage通用语言general-purposeregister通用存放器7.special-purposecomputer专用计算机special-purposelanguage专用语言specialcharacter特殊字符46/95468.instruction指令Mostprogramsconsistoftwotypesofstatements:declarationsandinstructions.大部分程序由两种类型语句组成：申明和指令。instructioncode指令代码instructionset指令集9.compoment(组成)部分，部[构，组]件Adiscretepartofalargersystemorstructure.大系统或结构中一个能够分立部分。47/954710.memory存放器，内存mainmemory主存(primarystorage)secondarymemory辅存(secondarystorage)memorybank存放器插槽memorycell存放单元memorychip存放芯片11.CPU-CentralProcessingUnit中央处理器CPUcacheCPU高速缓存CPUfanCPU风扇48/954812.blockdiagram框图，方块图bubblechart泡形图flawchart流程图13.bus总线databus数据总线addressbus地址总线controlbus控制总线14.configuration配置

Inreferencetoasinglemicrocomputer,thesumofasystem’sinternalandexternalcomponents.对单个微机来讲，配置指一个系统内部和外部全部组件总和。49/954915.computerclassificationsupercomputer巨型机mainframe大型机superminicomputer超级小型机minicomputer小型机workstation工作站microcomputer微机PDA-PersonalDigitalAssistant掌上计算机16.cabinet机箱50/955017.8bits=1byte(B)kilobyte1KB=1024Bmegabyte1MB=1024KBgigabyte1GB=1024MB18.transfer传送transform变换translate翻译transmit发送Themovementofdatafromonelocationtoanother.将数据从一个地点移动到另一个地点。Tochangetheappearanceorformatofdatawithoutalteringitscontent.改变数据外部特征或格式，而不改变其内容。Tosendinformationoveracommunicationslineoracircuit.经过通信线路或电路发送信息。51/9551significantfigure有效数字(同significantdigits)52/95521.2ComputerCodes1.capacity容量2.binarya.二进制binaryconversion二进制转换binarydigit二进制数字binarynumber二进制数binarysearch二分搜索binarytree二叉树Eitherofthetwodigitsinthebinarynumbersystem,0and1.在二进制数系统中0和1两个数字中任何一个。Anumberexpressedinbinaryform.一个以二进制形式表示数。比较decimala.十进制

hexadecimala.十六进制

octala.八进制53/95533.BCD-binarycodeddecimal二进制编码十进制4.ASCII-AmercianStandardCodeforInformationInterchange美国国家信息交换标准代码5.Internala.内部internalcommand内部命令internalinterrupt内部中止internalmodem内置调制解调器比较externala.外部6.formatn.格式v.格式化54/95547.EBCDIC-ExtendedBinaryCodedDecimalInterchangeCode十进制交换码8.parity奇偶性(检验)evenparity偶检验oddparity奇检验paritybit奇偶(检验)位paritycheck奇偶检验55/95559.monitor监视器(同CRTcathode-raytube阴极射线管)比较display显示器Thevisualoutputdeviceofacomputer,whichiscommonlyaCRT-basedvideodisplay.Withportableandnotebookcomputers,thedisplayisusuallyanLCD-basedoragasplasma-basedflat-paneldisplay.计算机可视输出设备，通常是基于阴极射线视频显示。便携式和笔记本计算机显示器通常是基于液晶显示器或基于等离子体平板显示器。LCDliquidcrystaldisplay液晶显示器Thetermmonitorusuallyreferstoadisplayanditshousing.监视器一词通常包含显示器及其外壳。56/95561.3Whatisaprocessor1.interpretv.解释interpretedlanguage解释语言interpreter解释程序比较compilev.编译2.operation操作，运算operationcode操作码operand操作数operator运算符Totranslateastatementorinstructionintoexecutableformandthenexecuteit.将一条语句或指令翻译成可执行形式，然后执行。Totranslateallthesourcecodeofaprogramfromahigh-levellanguageintoobjectcodepriortoexecutionoftheprogram.在程序运行前，把用高级语言编写程序源代码翻译成目标代码。57/9557operatingsystem操作系统operatorassociativity运算符结合性operatorprecedence运算符优先级3.high-levellanguage高级语言low-levellanguage低级语言assemblylanguage汇编语言4.retrieve检索58/95585.timer定时器timebomb定时炸弹time-divisionmultiplexing时分多路复用timeout(timeouttime-out)超时timesharing分时技术6.release释放；公布Torelinquishcontrolofablockofmemory,adevice,oranothersystemresourcetotheoperatingsystem.放弃一块内存、一台设备或另一个系统资源控制权，交予操作系统。Toformallymakeaproductavailabletothemarketplace.正式将某一产品投放到市场。Afeatureoftenbuiltintoevaluationversionsofsoftwarethatrendersthesoftwareunusableafteracertainperiodoftime.一个通常放在测试版软件中功效部件，经过一段是指定时间后，它使该软件就不可用了。59/95597.pulse脉冲PAMpulseamplitudemodulation脉冲幅度调制PCMpulsecodemodulation脉冲编码调制PDMpulsedurationmodulation脉冲宽度调制8.controlunit控制器，控制单元Atransientsignal,usuallybriefandwithadiscreteonsetandoffset.一个暂态信号，通常连续时间很短，且含有陡峭上升边和下降边。9.register存放器比较registry注册表60/956012.current电流currentdirectory当前目录61/95611.4Memorysystem1.latency等候时间Thetimerequiredforasignaltotravelfromonepointonanetworktoanother.信号从网络中一点传输到另一点所需时间。2.semiconductor半导体conductor导体nonconductor绝缘体(同insulator)62/95623.magnetica.磁magneticdisk磁盘magneticfield磁场magnetichead磁头magnetictape磁带4.hierarchicala.分层，分级，层次hierarchicaldatabase层次(型)数据库比较hierarchyn.分层[分级]结构63/95635.cache高速缓冲区cachememory高速缓冲存放器Aspecialmemorysubsysteminwhichfrequentlyuseddatavaluesareduplicatedforquickaccess.一个专用内存子系统，其中存放着那些被频繁使用数据方便于快速访问。6.bandwidth带宽Thedifferencebetweenthehighestandlowestfrequenciesthatananalogcommunicationssystemcanpass.模拟通信系统能够经过最高频率和最低频率之差。64/95647.virtuala.虚拟VMvirtualmemory虚拟存放器virtualaddress虚地址virtualhosting虚拟主机virtualreality虚拟现实8.referencen.引用Toaccessavariable,suchasanelementinanarrayorafieldinarecord.访问一个变量，诸如数组中一个元素或统计中一个字段。65/95659.interface接口interfaceadapter接口适配器比较interference干扰10.page页pageframe页帧pagesetup页面设置Afixed-sizeblockofmemory.内存中一个固定长度块。66/956611.DRAM动态RAMdynamicRAM比较staticRAM静态RAM12.allocation(资源)分配比较location存放单元Inoperatingsystems,theprocessofreservingmemoryforusebyaprogram.

在操作系统中，为某个程序保留内存以供使用做法。67/956713.equation等式expansionslot扩展槽Amathematicalstatementthatindicatesequalitywiththeuseofanequalsign(=)betweentwoexpressions..一个用等号(=)连接两个表示式以表示它们相等数学语句。14.block块；内存块15.slot槽68/956816.delay延迟比较ROM-readonlymemory只读存放器EEPROM-electricallyerasableprogrammableROM电可擦可编程ROMEPROM-erasableprogrammableROM可擦可编程ROMPROM-programmableROM可编程ROM17.RAM-randomaccessmemory随机(存取)存放器69/9569TypesofintegratedcircuitSSI:small-scaleintrgration小规模集成MSI:medium-scaleintrgration中规模集成LSI:large-scaleintrgration大规模集成VLSI:very-large-scaleintrgration极大规模集成ULSI:ultra-large-scaleintrgration超大规模集成18.chip芯片比较integratedcircuit集成电路70/957019.sequence序列sequentialaccess次序存取法sequentialexecution次序执行sequentialsearch次序查找20.hardwired硬连线Builtintoasystemusinghardwaresuchaslogiccircuits,ratherthanaccomplishedthroughprogramming.指使用像逻辑电路这么硬件而不是经过软件编程方式建立一个系统特征。71/9571Harddisk硬盘Hardreturn硬回车Hardware硬件比较soft软21.ROMBIOS存于ROM基本输入输出系统OnPC-compatiblecomputers,thesetofessentialsoftwareroutinesthattestshardwareatstartup,startstheoperatingsystem,andsupportsthetransferofdataamonghardwaredevices.在PC兼容计算机上一组基本软件例程，这些程序在计算机开机时测试硬件，开启操作系统，支持硬件设备之间数据传输。72/957222.bootn.v.引导，开启(=bootup)bootabledisk引导盘bootfailure引导失败23.opticaldisk光碟[盘](同compactdisk)opticaldrive光驱opticalfiber光纤opticalscanner光学扫描仪73/957324.laser激光器

(lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation)Laserprinter激光打印机Laserstorage激光存放25.WORM一些多读光碟[盘](writeoncereadmany)比较worm蠕虫(病毒程序)26.erase擦除Toremovedatapermanentlyfromastoragemedium.从存放介质中将数据永久消除。74/95741.5input/outputsystem1.source信息源sourcecode源代码sourceprogram源程序sourcestatement源代码语句2.destination目标3.volume卷；音量Adiskortapethatstorescomputerdata.存放计算机数据一张磁盘或一卷磁带。Theloudnessofanaudiosignal.声音信号响度。75/95754.intermediatelanguage中间语言Acomputerlanguageusedasanintermediatestepbetweentheoriginalsourcelanguage,usuallyahigh-levellanguage,andthetargetlanguage,usuallymachinecode.一个计算机语言，介于初始源语言(通常是高级语言)和目口号言(通常是机器代码)。5.matching匹配(法)6.keyboard键盘keyboardbuffer键盘缓冲区keyboardshortcut键盘快捷键keycap键帽76/95767.modem调制解调器(modulator/demodulator)modulation调制demodulation解调8.synchronizev.同时synchronizationn.同时synchronousa.同时9.sink接收器Adeviceorpartofadevicethatreceivessomethingfromanotherdevice.从其它装置接收数据设备或部分设备。77/957710.buffern.缓冲区，缓冲器v.缓冲11.terminatev.终止比较terminaln.终端12.coprocessor协处理器13.accumulator累加器14.peripheraln.外(围)设(备)15.mapv.映射n.映像、映射16.pattern模式patternrecognition模式识别78/957817.argument参数，变元，自变量比较parameter参数

passbyaddress按地址传递

passbyvalue按值传递18.coherencen.同调，一致性，相干性19.DMAdirectmemoryaccess直接存放器存取20.interactivea.交互interactivefiction交互式故事interactivesession交互式会话interactivevoicesystem交互式语音系统Atypeofcomputergameinwhichtheuserparticipatesinastorybygivingcommandstothesystem.一个计算机游戏，在游戏中用户经过对计算机系统发出命令方式参加到某个故事中。79/957921.capturev.捕捉22.responsetime响应时间23.mouse鼠标(器)

relativepointingdevice相对定位设备如trackball跟踪球busmouse总线鼠标器mechanicalmouse机械鼠标器opticalmouse光鼠标器optomechanicalmouse光机械鼠标器serialmouse串行鼠标器80/9580mousepad鼠标垫mouseport鼠标端口mousesensitivity鼠标灵敏度mousetrails鼠标踪迹24.cursor光标cursorblinkspeed闪烁速度25.touchscreen触摸屏81/9581graphicstablet图形输入板graphicsprinter图形打印机graphicsprocessor图形处理器graphicsinterface图形界面27.lightpen光笔light–emittingdiode发光二极管lightsource光源lightwavesystem光波系统26.graphica.图，图形82/9582digitizingtablet数字化仪29.accuracyn.准[精]确度[性]比较precision精密度28.digitizev.数字化Thedegreetowhichtheresultofacalculationormeasurementapproximatesthetruevalue.计算或测量结构与真实值相近程度。Theextentofdetailusedinexpressinganumber.用来表示一个数精细程度。83/958330.reliabilityn.可靠性31.scanv.扫描scanner扫描仪Typesofscanner：

flatbedscanner平板式扫描仪

feedscanner送纸扫描仪

drumscanner鼓式扫描仪

handheldscanner手持式扫描仪32.sensor传感器84/958433.speechrecognition语音识别speechsynthesis语音合成34.sharpness清楚度highresolution高分辨率lowresolution低分辨率35.resolution分辨率36.image图像imagecompression图像压缩im