《大学英语四级强化教程(含微课)》 第三章 阅读理解_第1页
《大学英语四级强化教程(含微课)》 第三章 阅读理解_第2页
《大学英语四级强化教程(含微课)》 第三章 阅读理解_第3页
《大学英语四级强化教程(含微课)》 第三章 阅读理解_第4页
《大学英语四级强化教程(含微课)》 第三章 阅读理解_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩162页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

大学英语四级强化教程第三章阅读理解项目导航01题型贯通02词汇理解03长篇阅读理解04仔细阅读理解1题型贯通一、考核的要求

二、考核的技能

三、考核题型一、考核的要求根据《全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲(2016年修订版)》规定:阅读理解部分要求考生能读懂题材熟悉、语言难度较低的英语报刊文章和其他英语材料能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的英语材料能运用基本的阅读策略帮助理解。仔细阅读速度要达到每分钟70词,快速阅读速度要达到每分钟100词。二、考核的技能(一)理解明示的信息A.理解主旨大意;B.理解细节信息C.理解作者明确表达的观点、态度等二、考核的技能(二)理解隐含的信息B.推论隐含的意义。C.判断作者的观点、态度等。A.概括主旨大意。二、考核的技能(三)运用语言特征理解听力材料A.根据上下文猜测词和短语的意思。C.运用词汇及语法衔接手段理解篇章各部分之间的关系。B.理解句间关系(如因果、比较、条件等)。二、考核的技能(四)运用听力策略运用合适的阅读策略帮助理解。三、题型结构大学英语四级考试阅读理解由词汇理解(1篇)、长篇阅读(1篇)和仔细阅读(2篇)构成。词汇理解的篇章长度为200~250词,长篇阅读为1000词左右,仔细阅读每篇为300~350词。试卷结构试卷内容测试题型题目数量分值比例考试时间阅读理解词汇理解选词填空105%40分钟长篇阅读匹配1010%仔细阅读单项选择1020%课堂小结这小结我们学习了考核的要求、考核的技能、题型结构。希望大家课下多加复习,加深对题型贯通的理解。2词汇理解一、解题步骤

二、解题技巧

三、真题解析

四、专项练习词汇理解(SectionA)由一篇200~250词的短文和15个单词选项构成。该题目采用选词填空题型,考核学生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力。从15个单词选项中选择10个填到短文的空格处,使文章完整、通顺。建议用时9分钟。要求考生既能宏观地了解文章结构,又能微观地理解每一个单词。不仅要熟知高频词汇,还要熟练掌握词性和词义。还需要掌握一些基本的语法知识,并能够基于这些语法知识判断空格处应填词汇的词性、单复数或时态等。一、解题步骤略读全文,把握中心思想细读选项,分类归纳词性重读全文,查漏补缺“瞻前顾后”,选词填空1243二、解题技巧(一)根据空格前后词汇判断空格处词性1.确定空格处是名词01020304如果空格前面是冠词、形容词或者及物动词,空格处可能填入名词。如果空格后面是动词,空格处充当动词的主语,可能填入一个名词或动名词。如果空格前面是介词,空格处充当介词的宾语,可能填入一个名词或动名词。如果空格前面有介词to,空格处可能填入动名词。二、解题技巧(一)根据空格前后词汇判断空格处词性2.确定空格处是动词如果空格前面有名词或代词作主语,后面有名词或代词作宾语,空格处可能填入及物动词。如果空格前面是名词或代词,后面没有宾语,空格处可能填入不及物动词。如果空格前面是名词或代词,后面是副词或介词,空格处可能填入不及物动词,与副词或介词构成固定搭配。如果空格前面是名词或代词,后面是形容词,空格处可能填入系动词。如果空格前面有不定式标志to,空格处可能填入动词原形。二、解题技巧(一)根据空格前后词汇判断空格处词性3.确定空格处是形容词如果空格前面或者后面是名词,空格处可能填入形容词。如果空格前面是系动词,空格处可能填入形容词作表语。如果空格前面是副词,空格处可能填入形容词。二、解题技巧(一)根据空格前后词汇判断空格处词性4.确定空格处是副词如果空格前面或者后面是动词,空格处可能填入副词。如果空格后面是形容词,空格处可能填入副词。二、解题技巧(二)根据后缀确定选项词性或猜测其大意词性后缀表示意义例词名词-aire人billionaire(亿万富翁) millionaire(百万富翁)-ian,-ant人magician(魔术师)musician(音乐家)assistant(助手)-ar,-ary人;场所beggar(乞丐) secretary(秘书)library(图书馆)-ee,-eer,-ent人referee(裁判) weaponeer(武器专家)opponent(对手)-er,-or,-ist人engineer(工程师) inspector(检察官) -ability,-ibility能力;性质capability(能力) flexibility(弹性)-al动作;人refusal(拒绝) professional(专业人员)-dom领域;状态kingdom(王国) freedom(自由)二、解题技巧(二)根据后缀确定选项词性或猜测其大意词性后缀表示意义例词名词-hood时期;性质childhood(童年) likelihood(可能性)-tion状况;行为presentation(陈述) intuition(直觉)-ics学科economics(经济学) linguistics(语言学)-ment状态;性质;行为payment(支付) argument(争吵)-ness性质;状态sickness(疾病) kindness(仁慈、好意)-ology学科psychology(心理学) physiology(生理学)-ship性质;状态membership(成员资格) leadership(领导能力;领导阶层)二、解题技巧(二)根据后缀确定选项词性或猜测其大意词性后缀表示意义例词动词-en使……strengthen(使加强) lengthen(使加长)-ify使……化simplify(使简单化) beautify(使美化)-ize使……化normalize(使正常化) socialize(使社会化)-ate做;造成remonstrate(抗议;抱怨) frustrate(使灰心;使沮丧)二、解题技巧(二)根据后缀确定选项词性或猜测其大意词性后缀表示意义例词形容词

-ible,-able能……的available(可利用的) unforgettable(令人难忘的)-al具有……性质的critical(关键的,批评的) accidental(偶然的)-ent,-ant,-ate具有……性质的confident(自信的) arrogant(傲慢的,自大的)passionate(充满热情的) fortunate(幸运的)-ary,-ory与……相关的imaginary(想象中的) contradictory(反驳的;反对的)-ful充满……的;易于……的dreadful(可怕的) regretful(后悔的)thoughtful(深思的) forgetful(健忘的)-ic(al)具有……性质的energetic(精力旺盛的) typical(典型的)-ish带有……性质的bookish(迂腐的)childish(幼稚的) selfish(自私的)-less没有……的aimless(无目标的)helpless(无助的)priceless(无价的)-ous充满……的envious(嫉妒的)industrious(勤勉的)spacious(广阔的)-y充满……的;有……性质或倾向的dreamy(梦幻的)foggy(多雾的)greedy(贪心的)二、解题技巧(二)根据后缀确定选项词性或猜测其大意词性后缀表示意义例词副词-ly……地subsequently(随后地)-wise方向;位置likewise(同样地)-ward(s)方向backward(s)(向后地) forward(s)(向前地)eastward(s)(向东地)-ways在……方向或位置;以……方式sideways(向旁边) coastways(沿海岸线)二、解题技巧(三)根据逻辑关系词和固定短语确定答案文章的逻辑关系是通过一些逻辑关系词来体现的,常见的逻辑关系词有:并列关系:and,or,aswellas等。转折关系:but,however,onthecontrary,ratherthan等。比较关系:as…as,like,similar等。因果关系:because,for,since,asaresultof,therefore,thus等。举例关系:forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon等。递进关系:what’smore,moreover,inaddition等。考生要注意考查点是否为固定短语搭配,需要考生平时多积累。二、解题技巧(四)在同类词中进行比较考生在利用上述技巧确定所给选项的词性之后,还要对具有相同词性的选项进行仔细对比,分析同类词的词义是否符合文章的整体意思和逻辑关系,最终确定最佳答案。三、真题解析Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.三、真题解析例题一2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题Manypeoplebelievethatpassionandcommitmentarethefoundationsofstrongromanticrelationships.Butarelationshipismadeoftwo(1)_______individuals.Andthepersonalitytraits(特性)theseindividuals(2)_______orlackcanoftenmakearelationshipmore—orless—likelyto(3)_______.Recentresearchhasfoundthatonetraitinparticular—humility(谦逊)—isanimportantindicatorofsuccessfulrelationships.Humilitycansometimesbe(4)_______withalackofconfidence.Butresearchershavecometorealizethatbeinghumblegenerallyindicatesthe(5)_______ofdeeplyadmirablepersonalqualities.三、真题解析Beinghumblemeansyouhavetheabilitytoaccurately(6)_______yourdeficiencieswithoutdenyingyourskillsandstrengths.Forexample,youmightrecognizethatyouareintelligent,butrealizethatyouarenota(7)_______.Thus,humilityleadstoanhonestviewofone’sownadvantagesandshortcomings.Humblepeopledonotignore,avoid,ortrytodenytheirlimitsordeficiencies.Theycan(8)_______mistakes,seevalueinthingsthatarefarfromperfectandidentifyareasforimprovement.Perhapsitisnot(9)_______,then,thathumilityappearstobeahugeassettorelationships.Onestudyfoundthatpeopletendtoratethisquality(10)_______intheirspouse.Thestudyalsofoundthatsomeonewhoishumbleismorelikelytoinitiatearomanticrelationship,perhapsbecausetheyarelesslikelytoseethemselvesas“toogood”forsomeoneelse.Thus,ahumblepartnermightbeyouridealpartner.三、真题解析A)acknowledgeB)assessC)confusedD)endureE)extremelyF)geniusG)highlyH)permanentI)possessJ)presenceK)puzzledL)statusM)surprisingN)thoroughlyO)unique三、真题解析1.O。空格前面是数量词two,空格后面是名词复数individuals(个体),因此空格处需要填入一个形容词修饰名词individuals。一览所有选项,可选的形容词有confused(困惑的,混乱的)、permanent(永久的,永恒的)、puzzled(困惑的,迷惑不解的)、surprising(令人惊讶的,出人意料的)、unique(独一无二的,独特的)。空格所在句句意为“但一段关系是由两个_____个体组成的”。结合常理可知,每个人都是独特的,因此unique(独特的)符合句意,故正确答案为O。【答案解析】三、真题解析2.I。空格所在句是省略关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词thepersonalitytraits。其中,空格前的theseindividuals是定语从句的主语,空格后是反义并列连词or和动词原形lack,因此空格处应填入一个动词原形,且词义应与lack(缺少)相反,共同构成并列谓语。空格所在句句意为“这些个体_____或缺乏的人格特性往往可能或多或少地决定一段关系能否_____”。因此空格处填入lack的反义词possess(拥有,具有)符合句意,故正确答案为I。【答案解析】3.D。空格前面是likelyto,因此空格处需要填入动词原形,构成固定搭配“(be)likelytodosth.”,意为“可能做某事”。可选的动词原形有acknowledge(承认,确认)、assess(评价,估价)、endure(维持,持续)。空格所在句句意为“这些个体_____或缺乏的人格特性往往可能或多或少地决定一段关系能否_____”。代入选项,endure(维持)符合句意,故正确答案为D。三、真题解析4.C。空格前面是系动词be,空格后面是介词with,因此空格处应填入一个形容词或动词的分词形式,且能与with搭配。空格所在句句意为“谦逊有时会被_____为缺乏自信”。文章上一段提到“谦逊是一种优秀的品质”,而空格后出现消极短语alackofconfidence(缺乏自信),由此可知谦逊和缺乏自信有时会被混淆。因此空格处应填入动词confuse(使迷惑,混淆)的分词形式confused,与with构成固定搭配“beconfusedwith…”,意为“与……混淆”,故正确答案为C。【答案解析】5.J。空格前面是定冠词the,空格后面是介词of,因此空格处应填入一个名词。可选择的名词有genius(天才,天赋)、presence(存在,出席)、status(地位,身份)。空格所在句句意为“但研究人员已经意识到,谦逊通常意味着令人钦佩的个人品质的_____”。代入选项,presence(存在)符合句意,故正确答案为J。三、真题解析6.B。空格所在句存在一个固定搭配“havetheabilitytodo…”,意为“有能力做某事”,因此空格处应填入一个动词的原形形式。此处可选的动词原形有acknowledge(承认,确认)、assess(评价,估价)。空格所在句句意为“谦逊意味着你有能力_____自己的不足,而不否定自身技能和优势”。代入选项,assess(评价,估价)符合句意,故正确答案为B。【答案解析】7.F。空格前面是不定冠词a,因此空格处应填入一个可数名词的单数形式。此处可选择的可数名词单数形式只有genius(天才,天赋)。空格所在句句意为“例如,你可能意识到自己很聪明,但也能意识到自己不是一个_____”。代入选项,genius(天才)符合句意,故正确答案为F。三、真题解析8.A。空格前面是情态动词can,后面是名词复数mistakes,因此空格处应填入动词的原形形式。此处可选的动词原形只有acknowledge(承认,确认)。空格所在句句意为“他们能_____错误,从远非完美的事物中看到价值,并发现需要改进之处”。代入选项,acknowledge(承认,确认)符合句意,故正确答案为A。【答案解析】9.M。空格前面是isnot,后面是that从句,因此空格处应填入一个形容词或名词。可选的选项有status(地位,身份)、permanent(永久的,永恒的)、puzzled(困惑的,迷惑不解的)、surprising(令人惊讶的,出人意料的)。空格所在句句意为“谦逊似乎是恋爱关系中的一大有利条件,也就没有什么_____了”。结合下文“谦逊的人更有可能开始一段恋爱关系”和“谦逊的伴侣可能是理想的伴侣”,可以推知,作者认同谦逊是恋爱关系中的一大有利条件,即谦逊是恋爱关系中的一大有利条件,这不足为奇。代入选项,surprising(令人惊讶的,出人意料的)符合句意,且构成“itis(not)+adj.+that从句”的句式,故正确答案为M。三、真题解析10.G。空格所在句的句子结构完整,不缺少任何成分,因此空格处应填入一个副词。可选的副词有extremely(非常,极其)、highly(高度地,非常)、thoroughly(完全地,彻底地)。空格所在句句意为“一项研究发现,人们往往对配偶的这种品质评价_____”。根据上下文可知,“这种品质”指的是“谦逊”,且谦逊是恋爱关系中的一大有利条件。代入选项,highly(高度地)符合句意,故正确答案为G。【答案解析】三、真题解析例题二2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas(1)_______fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina(2)_______totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced(3)_______thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.“Michigan’s(4)_______inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto(5)_______ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan’tletthathappen,”saysSenatorMikeKowall,thelead(6)_______offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.

三、真题解析Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould(7)_______asubstantialupdateofMichigan’s2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerswouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevensetupon-demand(8)_______ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In(9)_______,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore(10)_______rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriverstobereadytotakethewheel,andbancommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.

三、真题解析A)bidB)contrastC)deputyD)dominanceE)fleetsF)knotsG)legislationH)migratedI)replaceJ)representK)restrictiveL)rewardM)significantN)sponsorO)transmitted三、真题解析1.H。空格所在句子的谓语部分不完整,因此空格处要填一个动词。由于该空格被放在助动词has后面,则空格处所填动词需使用过去分词形式,与has一同构成句子的谓语,可选的选项有H选项、O选项。根据上文“…hasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.”可知,美国汽车创新中心的位置在过去的十年里发生了变化。结合“fromDetroittoSiliconValley”,可以推断出美国汽车创新中心的位置从底特律迁移到了硅谷。“migratefrom…to…”表示“从……迁移到……”;“transmitfrom…to…”表示“从……传递到……”,故migrated符合句意。【答案解析】2.A。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,空格处需要填可数名词单数形式。上文提到,美国汽车创新中心的位置已经从底特律迁移到了硅谷。结合空格所在句子中的“takeproductionbacktoDetroit…”可知,该句话想要表达“为了让无人驾驶汽车生产回到底特律……”的意思。固定搭配inabidtodosth.意为“为了争取某物而做出努力”,符合语境,故bid符合句意。三、真题解析3.G。该空格放在动词introduced后面作主句的宾语,同时又放在关系代词that引导的定语从句前作从句的主语,因此空格处需要填一个名词。根据句中的lawmakers(立法者)可知,名词legislation(法律)符合句意。【答案解析】4.D。该空格前的Michigan’s为名词所有格形式,因此空格处需填入一个名词,与Michigan’s一起构成句子的主语。空格所在句子意为“密歇根在汽车研发领域的______受到几个州和国家的威胁……”,结合下文ourleadershipintransportation可知,空格处应为“优势,支配地位”,dominance意为“优势,支配”,符合句意。三、真题解析5.I。desiretodosth.为固定搭配,空格放在了不定式符号to后面,因此空格处需填入动词原形。空格所在句是一个定语从句,其先行词为severalstatesandcountries。结合上文,该定语从句想要表达“……这几个州和国家渴望取代密歇根在运输领域的领导地位”,replace意为“取代,代替”,符合句意。【答案解析】6.N。空格所在句thelead______offourbillsrecentlyintroduced是SenatorMikeKowall的同位语,用来表明SenatorMikeKowall的具体身份。由fourbillsrecentlyintroduced“最新提出的四项法案”可知,SenatorMikeKowall是四项法案的首要提案人。sponsor意为“发起者,倡导者,提案人”,符合句意。三、真题解析7.J。空格位于情态动词would后面,因此空格处应填入动词原形。结合语境,空格所在句子的意思为“如果这四项法案都按计划通过,它们将代表密歇根州2013年法律的重大更新,该法律允许在有限的条件下测试自动驾驶车辆”。结合句意,represent意为“代表着,相当于”,符合句意。【答案解析】8.E。on-demand是形容词,位于on-demand后面的空格处应填入名词。句中的and为并列连词,连接“sendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips”和“setupon-demand______ofself-drivingcars”两个并列成分,因此空格处所要填的名词在含义和形式上都要与groups保持一致。group意为“群体,团体”,且在文中使用了复数形式,因此空格处所填名词也要使用复数形式,且与group的含义相近。fleets是fleet的复数形式,意为“车队,舰队”,符合句意。三、真题解析9.B。通过分析句子结构可知,空格所在句子的主、谓、宾完整,不缺少任何成分,因此“In______”在句中作状语,空格处应填名词,与in构成介宾结构。根据前后文语境,前文“LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.”提到密歇根州的做法,空格所在句提及加利福尼亚州的做法,前后形成对比。incontrast为固定搭配,意为“相比之下,与此相反”,符合句意。【答案解析】10.K。空格位于farmore后面,名词rules的前面,因此空格处应填入形容词,此处far用来修饰形容词的比较级。前文明确提到密歇根州的立法者想让本州为无人驾驶技术的商业应用做好准备。然而,加利福尼亚州却禁止人们对无人驾驶技术的商业应用。通过前后文大意可知,加利福尼亚州有关无人驾驶技术商业应用的立法更为严格。restrictive为形容词,意为“限制的,限制性的,受约束的”,符合句意。四、专项练习Test1Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere’sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whetheratschoolorontheirown,(1)____________tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina(2)____________of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic(3)____________,investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,(4)____________inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto(5)_________onsmallerbudgets.四、专项练习Test1Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.(6)__________inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe(7)__________exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood(8)__________tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare(9)__________tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove(10)__________andrelievestress,whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey’rerunningaround,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.四、专项练习Test1A)attendanceB)consequentlyC)currentD)depressingE)droppingF)essentialG)feasibleH)flowI)moodJ)mutuallyK)particularlyL)performanceM)reviewN)surviveO)tend四、专项练习Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren(1)________everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe“goodolddays”,andmostolderpeopledonotfeel(2)________.About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave(3)________contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodon’tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.However,(4)________havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Test2四、专项练习Thisresearchmaybe(5)________,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore(6)________andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,(7)________spirits.Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious(8)________,theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother’scompany.Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan(9)________causeproblems.Ifparentsareagreedbytheirdaughter’sdivorce,dislikehernewhusband,anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,(10)________arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.Test2四、专项练习Test2A)abandonedB)advancedC)biasedD)chancesE)commitmentF)dampensG)dependentH)distantI)frequentJ)fulfillmentK)grantL)merelyM)provideN)understandablyO)unrealistically四、专项练习Manymenandwomenhavelongboughtintotheideathatthereare“male”and“female”brains,believingthatexplainsjustabouteverydifferencebetweenthesexes.Anewstudy(1)_______thatbelief,questioningwhetherbrainsreallycanbedistinguishedbygender.Inthestudy,TelAvivUniversityresearchers(2)_______forsexdifferencesthroughouttheentirehumanbrain.Andwhatdidtheyfind?Notmuch.Ratherthanofferevidencefor(3)_______brainsas“male”or“female”,researchshowsthatbrainsfallintoawiderange,withmostpeoplefallingrightinthemiddle.DaphnaJoel,wholedthestudy,saidherresearchfoundthatwhiletherearesomegender-based(4)______,manydifferenttypesofbraincan’talwaysbedistinguishedbygender.Test3

四、专项练习Whilethe“average”maleand“average”femalebrainswere(5)_______different,youcouldn’ttellitbylookingatindividualbrainscans.Onlyasmall(6)_______ofpeoplehad“all-male”or“all-female”characteristics.LarryCahill,anAmericanneuroscientist(神经科学家),saidthestudyisanimportantadditiontoagrowingbodyofresearchquestioning(7)_______beliefsaboutgenderandbrainfunction.Buthecautionedagainstconcludingfromthisstudythatallbrainsarethesame,(8)_______ofgender.“There’samountainofevidence(9)_______theimportanceofsexinfluencesatalllevelsofbrainfunction,”hetoldTheSeattleTimes.Ifanything,hesaid,thestudy(10)_______thatgenderplaysaveryimportantroleinthebrain—“evenwhenwearenotclearexactlyhow.”Test3

四、专项练习Test3A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditional四、专项练习Test4Theoceanisheatingup.That’stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth’soceansnow(1)_______heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto(2)_______tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea(3)_______.Whilethetopoftheoceanisstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto(4)________.Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter(5)________ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.四、专项练习Test4Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury(6)______ofBritishnavalshipstomodernautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,(7)______withcomputersimulations(模拟),createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel(8)_______.About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata(9)_______ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey’re(10)_______whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea’ssurface.四、专项练习Test4A)absorbB)combinedC)contributeD)depthE)emissionsF)excursionG)exploreH)floorI)heightsJ)indifferentK)levelsL)mixedM)pictureN)unsureO)voyage课堂小结这小结我们学习了词汇理解包括:解题步骤、解题。真题解析、专项练习。希望大家课下多加复习,加深对词汇理解的理解。3长篇阅读理解一、解题步骤

二、解题技巧

三、真题解析

四、专项练习一、解题步骤(二)确定题干关键词,迅速定位简单题目(三)略读和寻读同时进行(一)阅读题干句子,粗略了解文章内容二、解题技巧(一)重视逻辑关系词汇在文章中,逻辑关系词不仅仅体现着文章的逻辑关系。从阅读的角度来看,这些词其实是在给读者某种提示,告诉读者哪些句子是有效且相对重要的信息,哪些是相对不重要的信息。最基本的逻辑关系及对应的逻辑关系词有以下几种:因果关系:asaresult,therefore,consequently,because,for,dueto,hence,consequently等;并列、递进关系:and,or,then,inaddition,besides,inotherwords,moreover等;转折关系:however,but,yet,infact等。读到表示因果、转折关系的词汇时,阅读速度要稍放慢,以理清这些词指示出的篇章语意的变化;读到表示并列或递进的词汇时,阅读速度可以加快,甚至迅速扫过。二、解题技巧(二)重视标点符号的运用有些标点符号后面的信息是为了更进一步地解释说明标点前面词汇或语句而出现,如破折号、小括号、冒号等。可重点关注这些标点符号前面的信息,后面的信息快速读过,从而加快把握文章段落主旨的速度。二、解题技巧(三)重视特殊信息点的运用“特殊信息点”是指那些在文章中很容易识别的词汇,如时间、数字、大写字母等形式的语言点。信息点表现的一般都是文章的琐碎信息,此阅读时可以忽略。但是,对查找和定位题干十分有利。如果题干涉及了这些信息,考生能够根据它们迅速定位。二、解题技巧(四)略读、寻读是一种跳跃式阅读方法,阅读速度为每分钟100个单词。通过有选择地阅读文中的实质性信息,跳过细微信息,可快速了解文章内容,把握文章主旨。也称查读,是一种根据某些细节在文章中查找与该细节有关的具体信息的阅读方法。寻读时首先要快速扫描文章,确定要查询的特殊信息。在文章中较为显眼,容易找到。然后根据这些特殊信息点确定阅读范围。略读寻读三、真题解析Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.三、真题解析2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题There’saStressGapBetweenMenandWomen[A]“Iusedtoworkveryhard.Ilovetocreatethings,growthemandsolveproblems,”saidMengLi,asuccessfulappdeveloperinSanFrancisco.“Ididn’treallycareaboutmymindandmybodyuntiltheydecidedtogoonstrike.”[B]Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplessness.Whenshedidsleep,sheexperienced“problem-solvingdreams”,whichleftherfeelingunrestedwhenshewokeup.“AfterIbecameafirst-timemother,IquicklyrealizedIwassobusycaringforotherpeopleandworkthatIfeltlikeI’dlostmyself,”shesaid.三、真题解析[C]It’sacommonstory—onewefrequentlyridiculeandreadilydismiss,forexample,byclaimingthatwomentendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowingsumofresearchthatunderlinestheproblem.Womenaretwiceaslikelytosufferfromseverestressandanxietyasmen,accordingtoa2016studypublishedinTheJournalofBrain&Behavior.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreportsagendergapyearafteryearshowingthatwomenconsistentlyreporthigherstresslevels.Clearly,astressgapexists.[D]“Thedifferenceisnotreallynewstome,asaclinicalpsychologist,”saidErinJoyce,awomenandcouplestherapistinLosAngeles.“It’sbeenwelldocumentedinextensiveresearchovertheyearsthatprevalenceratesforthemajorityoftheanxietydisordersarehigherinwomenthanmen.”Somepeoplemayarguethatthisismerelyreporteddata,andtheysaymanymenfeelthesamepressuresaswomenintermsoffulfillingresponsibilitiesatworkandhome.Inotherwords,we’reallreally,reallystressed.三、真题解析[E]“Thedifference,however,isinthenatureandscopeoftheseresponsibilitiesinthehomeenvironmentinparticular,”Dr.Joycesaid.Forexample,theUnitedNationsreportedthatwomendonearlythreetimesasmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen.Theproblemis,houseworkisoftenoverlookedaswork,eventhoughitisoftenaslaborious(orinsomecases,moreso)asanypaidjob.AsthescholarSilviaFedericiputitin1975,theunpaidnatureofdomesticworkreinforcestheassumptionthat“houseworkisnotwork,thuspreventingwomenfromstrugglingagainstit.”[F]It’snotjustinsidethehome,though.ResearchfromNovaSoutheasternUniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstodisplay“surfaceacting”,orforcingemotionsthatarenotwhollyfelt.“Theyexpressedoptimism,calmnessandempathyevenwhenthesewerenottheemotionsthattheywereactuallyfeeling,”thestudysaid.三、真题解析[G]Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof“emotionallabor”,aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay.TheessaysparkedamassivethreadontheinternetcommunityblogMetaFilter.Hundredsofwomenspokeupabouttheirownexperiencewithemotionallabor:thedutiesthatareexpectedofthem,butgounnoticed.Theseinvisibledutiesbecomeapparentonlywhenyoudon’tdothem.Likedomesticlabor,emotionallaborisgenerallydismissedandnotlabeledwork.Butresearchshowsitcanbejustasexhaustingaspaidwork.Emotionallaborcanleadtodifficultyinsleepingandfamilyconflict.Sure,circumstantialstress,likelosingajob,mayleadtothesesameissues.Butemotionallaborisnotcircumstantial.It’sanenduringresponsibilitybasedonthesocializedgenderroleofwomen.三、真题解析[H]LikeMs.Li,manywomentrytomanagetheaddedstresstoreachwhatDr.Joycesaidwasanunattainableideal.“Someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitall.Theywanttoreachthetopofthecorporateladderandflylikesupermom,”shesaid.Whenwomendon’treachthisideal,theyfeelguilty;andevenmorestressed.Afterherownstrugglewiththis,Ms.LitookastepbackandusedherexperiencetobuildSanity&Self,aself-careappandplatformforoverworkedwomen.“TherealizationsIhadinthatprocesshelpedmegaininsightsandultimatelygotmereadytointegrateself-careintomydailylife,”shesaid.三、真题解析[I]Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenyouconsiderthelinkbetweenstress,anxietyandhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdiseasecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen.However,“therearemanyreasonstothinkthatit’sdifferentinwomen,”HarvardMedicalSchoolreported.Forexample,womenaremorelikelytoexperiencedisturbedsleep,anxietyandunusualfatiguebeforeaheartattack.Stressissonormalizedthatitiseasyforwomentoshrugoffthosesymptomsassimplytheconsequencesofstress.Manywomenalsodonotexperiencechestpainbeforeaheartattackthewaymendo,whichleadstofewerwomendiscoveringproblematicheartissues.Harvardreportsthatwomenare“muchmorelikelythanmentodiewithinayearofhavingaheartattack”and“manywomensaytheirphysicianssometimesdon’tevenrecognizethesymptoms”.三、真题解析[J]Thegoodnewsis,womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargeoftheirstressandmanageit,theAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreports.Theconceptofself-care,atitscore,isquitesimple.“Thebasicsofadequatesleep,healthydietandexerciseareagoodplacetostart,”Dr.Joycesaid.“Supportfromtrustedrelationshipisvital.Thisincludesprofessionalsupportfromvarioushealthandwellnessprovidersifstressisbecomingincreasinglyoverwhelming.”[K]Disconnectingfromworkandhomeresponsibilitiesisalsoobviouslyimportant.Butit’smucheasiersaidthandone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthefirstplace.“Getreallyspecificwithwhat’sstressingyouout,”Ms.Lisaid.“Weoftenchalkupourstresstobroadexperienceslikework.Butworkstresscantakemanydifferentforms.Isacolleaguebeingdisrespectfulofyourtime?Isabossunderminingyourday-to-daycontroloverdecisionmaking?Thesearedifferentcausesofstressandcanbenefitfromdifferentkindsofself-care.”三、真题解析[L]Ideally,yourspouseorpartnerwillbe

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论