2023高考江苏卷英语试题及答案

2024高考江苏卷英语试题及答案2024年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）

完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

DaleCarnegierosefromtheunknownofaMissourifarmtointernationalfamebecausehefoundawaytofillauniversalhumanneed.

Itwasaneedthathefirst36backin1906whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg.Togetan37,hewasstrugglingagainstmanydifficulties.Hisfamilywaspoor.HisDadcouldn’taffordthe38atcollege,soDalehadtoridehorseback12milestoattendclasses.Studyhadtobedone39hisfarm-workroutines.Hewithdrewfrommanyschoolactivities40hedidn’thavethetimeorthe41.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.Hetried42thefootballteam,butthecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoo43.DuringthisperiodDalewasslowly44aninferiorityplex(自卑感),whichhismotherknewcould45himfromachievinghisrealpotential.She46thatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthat47inspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.

Daletookhismother’sadvice,trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts48madeit.Thisprovedtobea49pointinhislife.Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgainthe50heneeded.BythetimeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytophonorin51.Nowotherstudentswereingtohimforcoachingandthey,52,werewinningcontests.

Outofthisearlystruggleto53hisfeelingsofinferiority,Dalecametounderstandthattheabilityto54anideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson’sconfidence.And,55it,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.

36.A.admittedB.filledC.suppliedD.recognized

37.A.assignmentB.educationC.advantageD.instruction

38.A.trainingB.boardC.teachingD.equipment

39.A.betweenB.duringC.overD.through

40.A.whileB.whenC.becauseD.though

41.A.permitsB.interestC.talentD.clothes

42.A.onB.forC.inD.with

43.A.lightB.flexibleC.optimisticD.outgoing

44.A.gainingB.achievingC.developingD.obtaining

45.A.preventB.protectC.saveD.free

46.A.suggestedB.demandedC.requiredD.insisted

47.A.presenceB.practiceC.patienceD.potential

48.A.hopefullyB.certainlyC.finallyD.naturally

49.A.keyB.breakingC.basicD.turning

50.A.progressB.experienceC.petenceD.confidence

51.A.horse-ridingB.footballC.speechD.farming

52.A.inreturnB.inbriefC.inturnD.infact

53.A.conveyB.overeC.understandD.build

54.A.expressB.stressC.contributeD.repeat

55.A.besidesB.beyondC.likeD.with

阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

A

56.WhydidtheBeauxArtsstyleattractAmericanentrepreneurs?

A.Ithelpeddisplaytheirmoneystatus.

B.Itwascreatedbyfamousarchitects.

C.Itwasnamedafterafamousinstitute.

D.Itrepresentedthe19thcenturyurbanculture.

57.WhatisuniqueofSieMaticBeauxArts?

A.Itsdesignsareanti-conventional.

B.Itsdesignsefromfamousstructures.

C.Itscustomerscanenjoytheirownposition.

D.Itscustomerscanchoosefromvariousnewstyles.

Howeverwealthywemaybe,wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant.Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost,whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone’stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse.

Everyhourofourtimehasavalue.Foreveryhourweworkatonejobwecouldquiteeasilybedoinganother,orbesleepingorwatchingafilm.Eachoftheseoptionshasadifferentopportunitycost—namely,whattheycostusinmissedopportunities.

Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.Whynot,youmightreason,watchthegamefromhomeandusetheleftovermoneyandtimetohavedinnerwithfriends?This—thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime—istheopportunitycost.

Foreconomists,everydecisionismadebyknowledgeofwhatonemustforgo—intermsofmoneyandenjoyment—inordertotakeitup.Byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton,yououghttobeabletomakebetter-informed,morereasonabledecisions.Considerthatmostfamouseconomicruleofall:there’snosuchthingasafreelunch.Evenifsomeoneofferstotakeyououttolunchforfree,thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities.

Somepeoplefindtheideaofopportunitycostextremelydiscouraging:imaginespendingyourentirelifecalculatingwhetheryourtimewouldbebetterspentelsewheredoingsomethingmoreprofitableorenjoyable.Yet,inasenseit’shumannaturetodopreciselythat—weassesstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdecisionsallthetime.

Inthebusinessworld,apopularphraseis“valueformoney.”Peoplewanttheircashtogoasfaraspossible.However,anotherisfastobtaininganadvantage:“valuefortime.”Thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething,sowelooktomaximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime.Byreadingthispassageyouaregivingoverabitofyourtimewhichcouldbespentdoingotheractivities,suchassleepingandeating.Inreturn,however,thispassagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist,closelyconsideringtheopportunitycostofeachofyourdecisions.

58.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptof“opportunitycost”isappliedto________.

A.makingmoremoney

B.takingmoreopportunities

C.reducingmissedopportunities

D.weighingthechoiceofopportunities

59.The“leftover...time”inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime________.

A.sparedforwatchingthematchathome

B.takentohavedinnerwithfriends

C.spentonthewaytoandfromthematch

D.savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch

60.Whatareforgoneopportunities?

A.Opportunitiesyouforgetindecision-making.

B.Opportunitiesyougiveupforbetterones.

C.Opportunitiesyoumissaccidentally.

D.Opportunitiesyoumakeupfor.

Mostdamagingly,angerweakensaperson’sabilitytothinkclearlyandkeepcontroloverhisbehaviour.Theangrypersonlosesobjectivityinevaluatingtheemotionalsignificanceofthepersonorsituationthatarouseshisanger.

Noteveryoneexperiencesangerinthesameway;whatangersonepersonmayamuseanother.Thespecificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrompersontopersonbasedonbiologicalandculturalforces.Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenolongerregardduels(决斗)asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfromoneperson’sawarenessofinsultingbehaviouronthepartofanother.

Angercanbeidentifiedinthebrain,wheretheelectricalactivitychanges.UndermostconditionsEEG(脑电图)measuresofelectricalactivityshowbalancedactivitybetweentherightandleftprefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourallythiscorrespondstothegeneraleven-handeddisposition(意向)thatmostofuspossessmostofthetime.ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren’tbalancedand,asaresultofthis,we’relikelytoreact.Andourbehaviouralresponsetoangerisdifferentfromourresponsetootheremotions,whetherpositiveornegative.

Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare,themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasofoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviourisacpaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry(不对称)ofEEGactivity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardstheindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsituation.

61.The“duels”exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofanger________.

A.usuallyhasabiologicalbasis

B.variesamongpeople

C.issociallyandculturallyshaped

D.influencesone’sthinkingandevaluation

62.Whatchangescanbefoundinanangrybrain?

A.Balancedelectricalactivitycanbespotted.

B.Unbalancedpatternsarefoundinprefrontalareas.

C.Electricalactivitycorrespondstoone’sbehaviour.

D.Electricalactivityagreeswithone’sdisposition.

63.Whichofthefollowingistypicalofoffensiveanger?

A.Approachingthesourceofanger.

B.Tryingtocontrolwhatisdisliked.

C.Movingawayfromwhatisdisliked.

D.Feelinghelplessinthefaceofanger.

64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?

A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.

B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.

C.Behaviouralresponsestoanger.

D.Behaviouralpatternsofanger.

65.WhyisJune6,1990aspecialdayforMommy?

A.Herdreamofbeingamothercametrue.

B.ShefoundheroriginfromherChinesemother.

C.Shewrotethelettertoherdaughter.

D.Herfemalelinewaswelllinked.

66.HowdoesMommyfeelaboutherbeinggivenaway?

A.Itisbitteranddisappointing.

B.Itispainfulbutunderstandable.

C.Shefeelssorrybutsympathetic.

D.Shefeelshurtandangry.

67.Whatdoes“Istoodoutlikeasorethumb”inParagraph5mean?

A.Iwalkedclumsilyoutofpains.

B.Iwasnoteasytoloveduetojealousy.

C.Iwasimpatientoutoffear.

D.Ilookeddifferentfromothers.

68.WhatcanbeinferredfromMommy’sAnglofamilylife?

A.Sheusedtoexperienceanidentitycrisis.

B.ShefoughtagainstherAmericanidentity.

C.Sheforgotthepainsofherearlyyears.

D.ShekeptherloveforAsiafromchildhood.

69.WhydidMommynameherdaughter“Shao-ming?”

A.Tomatchherownbirth-name.

B.Tobrightenthelivesofthefamily.

C.ToidentifyherwithChineseorigin.

D.TojustifyherprideinChineseculture.

70.By“Yourpastismorepletethanmine,”Mommymeans________.

A.herpastwaspletedearlierthanShao-ming’s

B.Shao-minghasgotmotherlycareandasenseofroots

C.hermotherdidn’tfortherthewayshedidShao-ming

D.herpastwasspentbrokenly,firstinAsia,thenintheUS

语法填空：

Gandhi,anIndiannationalhero,(1)_________(honor)asthefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.

HewasborninIndiain1869.Followingthelocalcustom,hegot(2)________(marry)attheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,(3)________hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandthenbecamea(4)________(law).OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.

InSouthAfricahe(5)________(surprise)foundthattheproblemofracialdiscriminationwasserious.Thereheformedan(6)__________(organize)andstartedamagazinetofightforequalrights.

GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,whenIndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleand(7)_________(depend)forhiscountry.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndians,(8)__________(include)Gandhi,wereputinprison.(9)__________,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogiveinandIndiawonitsindependencein1947.(10)__________(fortunate)，GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.

七选五：

It’snotjustwomenwhowearskirts.51InScotland,menwearakindofskirtcalledkilt.Thekiltistheirnationaldressandanimportantpartoftheirtradition.

Akiltisacoloredskirtreachingdowntotheknees.Ithaschecks(格子)onitwithdifferentcolors,likeredandblue.52

53Therearemanystoriesaboutit.Onestoryisthatthekiltwasinventedinthe1720sbyanEnglishfactoryowner,ThomasRawlinson.

RawlinsonhadanumberofScottishworkersinhisfactoryandhethoughttheirclothinggotinthewayoftheirwork.54

Today,mostScotsmenlookonthekiltasformaldress.Theyusuallyonlywearthematweddingorbigdinner.55.

Scotsalsowearkiltsinparadeswhentheyplaytheirtraditionalmusicalinstrumentbagpipes(风笛).Thearmystillhaskiltsasthedressuniform,buttheynolongerusethemwhenfighting.

A.EachfamilyinScotlandhasitsowncolors.

B.Thereareonlyafewmenwhostillwearakilteveryday.

C.HowdidtheScotsstarttowearkilts?

D.ItwasimportantforScotstowearskirtsatanytime.

E.Sohecuttheirlongclothesintoshorterskirts.

F.Wearingskirtsisverybeautifulforwoman.

G.Mencanwearthem,too.

短文改错：

ItisapleasureformetowritethislettertotellhowmuchIenjoyedmystayinyourwholefamilylastweek.ThiswasmyfirstvisittoaEnglishfamily.Atfirst,Iwaswo