英语写作课PPT 第三课 sentences

PartThreeTheSentence(1)1Inthispartyouwilllearn:1.SentenceTypes

2.CommonErrors

3. Betteryoursentences

2I.SentencesTypes31.Loosesentence&Periodicsentence(1)LooseSentence&PeriodicSentenceA.YoucannotmakegreatprogressinEnglishwithoutgoodstudyhabits.B.Withoutgoodstudyhabits,youcannotmakegreatprogressinEnglish.Aloosesentence(松散句)isonethatmaybebroughttoagrammaticalclosebeforetheendisreached.Aperiodicsentence(圆周句)isonethatisnotgrammaticallycompleteuntiltheendisreached.(loosesentence)(periodicsentence)4Loosesentence&periodicsentenceHewassittingbeforethefireinalargearmchairwhenweentered.Loosesentence

Havingpassedthehouseeverydayfortwoyears,andknowingthatthemanwasacripple,Icouldnotbelievewhatthenext-doorneighbortoldme.periodicsentence

ShewasofferedaprofessionalcontractafterwinningtheOlympicgoldmedalaccordingtothenewspaperreports.Loosesentence5(3)FunctionofLoosesentence:

Therewasawomanwhowasbeautiful,whostartedwithalltheadvantages,yetshehadnoluck.Shemarriedforlove,antheloveturnedtodust.Therewereaboyandtwolittlegirls.Theylivedinapleasanthouse,withagarden,andtheyhaddiscreetservants.natural,easytounderstand,smooth,relaxed6(4)FunctionofPeriodicsentence

ThoughJimThorpehadbroughtgreatglorytohisnation,thoughthousandsofpeoplecheeredhimuponhisreturntotheUnitedStatesandattendedbanquetsandaNewYorkparadeinhishonor,hewasnotacitizen.

期待（anticipation），悬念（suspense7(5)CombinationofPeriodicsentenceandloosesentence

Intheevening,Isuspectedthattheremustbesomeonehidingsomewhere.Isearchedeverycornercarefully,butfoundnobody.SoIclosedthedoorandmovedthetableagainstthedoorinordertopreventanymisfortune.DeepthatnightwhenIlayinbed,astrangesound,asifsomeoneweretryingtobreakin,whichmademyhairstandonend,washeard.Ihadacoldsweatallover.HowIregrettedthatIhadcomebackalone!InordertobanishthefearIhidmyselfdeepinmyquilt.Thefearthatthebadmanmightdiscoverthatayounggirlwasintheroomalonepreventedmefrombreathingfreely…

82.TheShortandLongSentences(1)UsingshortsentencesShortsentencescanoftenbeverypowerful,emphaticandsuitableforthepresentationofimportantfactsandideas.e.g. A.Niceguysfinishlast./Loveconquersall./Warishell.

B.Ourcityisonthethresholdofagreatera.Ofthiswecanbesure.Butinordertofulfillthepromiseofthefuture,wemustbewillingtowork—andtospend.Thougheasytoread,toomanyshortsentencesexhaustthereader.Theysoundschildish.

9PeterandCarlwalktoschool.Bonniefollowsthem.BonnieisPeter’sdog.Sheisanicedog.ShewalksatPeter’sheels.Sheturnsbackatthebutcher’sshop.NowBonniewilltrytofindherfriends.Shemaygohome.PeterandCarlwalktoschool,andBonniefollowsthem.BonnieisPeter’sdog,andsheisanicedog.ShewalksatPeter’sheels,butsheturnsbackatthebutcher’sshop.NowBonniewilltrytofindherfriends,orshemaygohome.AsPeterandCarlwalktoschool,Peter’snicedog,Bonnie,followsthem,walkingatPeter’sheelsuntilsheturnsbackwhentheyreachthebutcher’sshop.Now,ifshedoesn’tfindherfriends,shewillgohome.10(2)Usinglongsentences:presentingasetofcomplex,interlockingideas.114.SentenceExpansion

ForthesakeofwritinggoodEnglish,ashortandsimplesentencesometimescanbeexpandedbyaddingtoitamodifier;aparenthesis插入语

;anapposition同位语；acompound/compoundsentence,thusmakingitacomplexone；12(1)Asentencecanbeexpandedbyaddingtoitamodifier.e.g.

Chengduisabeautifulcity.—

Chengduisabeautifulcitywithmanyinterestingplacesofhistoricalsignificance.13(2)Asentencecanbeexpandedbyaddingtoitaparenthesis.e.g.

Chengduisabeautifulcity.——

Chengdu，asyouknow,isabeautifulcitywithmanyinterestingplacesofhistoricalsignificance.14(3)

Asentencecanbeexpandedbyaddingtoitanapposition.e.g.

Chengduisabeautifulcity.——

Asyouknow,Chengdu,thecapitalofSichuanprovincesituatedinthecenterof“theLandofAbundance”,isabeautifulcitywithmanyinterestingplacesofhistoricalsignificance.15Asentencecanbeexpandedbyaddingtoitacompoundsentence,thusmakingitacomplexone.

Chengduisabeautifulcity.——

Asyouknow,Chengdu，thecapitalofSichuanprovincesituatedinthecenterof“theLandofAbundance”,isabeautifulcitywithmanyinterestingplacesofhistoricalsignificance,soI’dliketoshowyousomeofthetouristattractionssuchasTheThatchedCottageofDuFu,TheWuHouMemorialTempleandTheDujiangyanWaterDam.16

Chengduisabeautifulcity.——

Asyouknow,Chengdu,thecapitalofSichuanprovincesituatedinthecenterof“theLandofAbundance”,isabeautifulcitywithmanyinterestingplacesofhistoricalsignificance,soI’dliketoshowyousomeofthetouristattractionssuchasTheThatchedCottageofDuFu(whowasafamouspoetinTangDynasty),TheWuHouMemorialTemple(whichwasbuiltincommemorationofLiuBeiandZhugeLiang)andTheDujiangyanDam(anancientwaterirrigationprojectconstructedontheMinjiangRiver).17II.CommonErrors18Misuseofparallel

例：Advertisingshouldbeinformative,persuasive,andofinterest.

应改为：Advertisingshouldbeinformative,persuasive,andinteresting.19FaultyparallelconstructionsFaultyParallelismWethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andaverycapableyoungwoman.RevisedWethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andverycapable.Wethoughtshewasacharming,intelligent,andverycapableyoungwoman.20FaultyParallelismAmanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.RevisedAmanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobywhathedoes.FaultyParallelismWehavegreatfaithandhighhopesforher.RevisedWehavegreatfaithinandhighhopesforher.21AmbiguousreferenceofpronounsAmbiguousShetoldmysisterthatshewaswrong.Clear“Iamwrong,”shesaidtomysister.Sheadmittedthatshewaswrongandsaidsotomysister.“Youarewrong,”shesaidtomysister.Mysisterwastoldthatshewaswrong.ObscureInDreiser’sSisterCarrie,hedescribesapennilessgirl’swaytosuccess.ClearInhisSisterCarrie,Dreiserdescribesapennilessgirl’swaytosuccess.ObscureHewasknockeddownbyabicycle,butitwasnotserious.ClearHewasknockeddownbyabicyclebutwasnotseriouslyhurt.22ObscureIamgoingtothelectureonmodernChinesedrama,becauseheisadramatistIlike.ClearI’mgoingtothelectureonmodernChinesedrama,becausethespeakerisadramatistIlike.ObscureAsshewasgreatlyinfluencedbyherhistoryteacher,shechoseitashermajor.ClearAsshewasgreatlyinfluencedbyherhistoryteacher,shechosehistoryashermajor.23DanglingormisplacedmodifiersFaultyLookingoutofthewindow,thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecansee.

RevisedLookingoutofthewindow,he(she)canseethegrasslandstretchingasfarastheeyecansee.Outsidethewindow,thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecanreach.FaultyOnenteringtheclassroom,thestudentsstoodupandsaid,“Goodmorning!”RevisedWhentheteacherenteredtheclassroom,thestudentsstoodupandsaid,“Goodmorning!”Onenteringtheclassroom,theteacherwasgreetedbythestudents,whostoodupandsaid,“Goodmorning!”24NOTICEThereareafewsetphrasesoftenusedtomodifywholesentences,liketobefrank,generallyspeaking,judgingby,andspeakingof,etc.Theylooklikedanglingmodifiersbuttheyarenot.

Judgingbywhatthenewspaperhavesaid,hislatestplayisquitesuccessful.Tobefrank,heisnottherightmanforthisimportantjob.Wehavetostudymanycourses:Chinese,English,maths,physics,chemistry,history,geography,justtonameafew.25Themistwasthickeningasdarknessfell.Beingonlyafiveminutewalktothevillage,therewasnoreasontofeelafraid.Shepickeduphershoppingbasketandleftthehouse.Havingwalkedonlyafewsteps,themistswallowedherup.So,feelingherwayalongafence,atwiglashedherface.Thensheheardheavyfootstepsmovingbehindher.Shestoppedandtheystopped.Hurryingforward,theypursued.Shefoundherselfinasuffocatingworldseizedwithafeelingofhelplessnessandblindness.天黑时，雾渐浓。离村只有五分钟的路，没有害怕的理由。她拿起菜篮离了屋。刚走几步，浓雾就吞没了她。因此，她沿着篱笆摸索前行，一根树枝划在她的脸上。接着便听到身后沉重的脚步声，她止步，脚步声也止，她疾步向前，脚步声也紧随而至。她发现自己置身于一个窒息的世界，陷于无助与黑暗之中。26Themistwasthickeningasdarknessfell.Asitwasonlyafive-minutewalktothevillage,therewasnoreasontofeelafraid.Shepickeduphershoppingbasketandleftthehouse.Aftershehadwalkedonlyafewsteps,themistswallowedherup.Whileshewasfeelingherwayalongthefence,atwiglashedherface.Thensheheardheavyfootstepsmovingbehindher.Shestoppedandtheystopped.Shehurriedforwardandtheypursued.Seizedwithafeelingofhelplessnessandblindness,shefoundherselfinasuffocatingworld.27FaultyIreadaninterestingstoryinamagazineaboutsportsmen.RevisedIreadinamagazineaninterestingstoryaboutsportsmen.InamagazineIreadaninterestingstoryaboutsportsmen.FaultySheboughtseveralpicturebooksandputthemintoherbag,whichsheintendedtogivetoherchildren.RevisedSheboughtseveralpicturebooksforherchildrenandputthemintoherbag.Sheputintoherbagthepicturebooksshehadboughtforherchildren.FaultyTheideahementionedatfirstsoundedgood.Theideahefirstmentionedsoundedgood.Theideahementionedsoundedgoodatfirst.Revised28一致性错误句子中的人称、主谓、时态等出现不一致的现象。例：He,togetherwithhisfriends,havegonetothepark.应改为：

He,togetherwithhisfriends,hasgonetothepark.例：Therearequiteafewpeoplewhoisnotawareoftheconsequence.应改为：Therearequiteafewpeoplewhoarenotawareoftheconsequence.29ConfusingshiftsAnimportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,youshouldnotplagiarize.

ThosewhowishtotakeLinguisticsareaskedtosignhisnameonasheetofpaper.Heleftthelibrarywhenhispaperiswritten.Studentsshouldlearntoanalyzeandsolveproblemsindependently.Don’trelyonyourteachers’help.

30Shereviewedthelessontaughtlastweekandalltheexercisesassignedbytheteacherweredone.ShylockloseshismoneyandhisdaughterandintheendwasforcedtobecomeaChristian.31Correctthefollowingfaultysentences:Mostofthetechnologytransformationshouldbeplacedunderthecontrolofthemarket.

Mostofthetechnologicaltransformationshouldbeplacedunderthecontrolofthemarket.

2.Duringtheeconomicrecoveryperiodintheearly1950s

Duringtheperiodofeconomicrecoveryintheearly1950s323.Whetherreunificationcanbebroughtaboutsmoothlywillbedeterminedbytwofactors.Oneistheresultofthepracticeof“onecountry,twosystems”inHongKong,andtheotheriswhetherwecanmakeabreakthroughineconomicdevelopment.Whetherreunificationcanbebroughtaboutsmoothlywillbedeterminedbytwofactors.Oneishowwellthe“onecountry,twosystems”formulaisappliedinHongKong,andtheotherishowsuccessfulweareindevelopingtheeconomy.33Livingstandardsforthepeopleinbothurbanandruralareascontinuedtorise.

Livingstandardsinbothurbanandruralareascontinuedtorise5.Inrecentyears,Chinahasintroducedmuchtechnologyandequipmentfromabroad,playinganimportantroleinimprovingitspetrochemicaltechnology.Inrecentyears,Chinahasintroducedmuchtechnologyandequipmentfromabroad,andtheseimportshaveplayedanimportantroleinupgradingitspetrochemicaltechnology.34Theoverwhelmingmajorityagreewiththenewinnovation.

Themajorityagreewiththeinnovation.7.Thedevelopmentofoureconomyinthefuturewill,toalargeextent,dependon…

Thedevelopmentofoureconomywilltoalargeextentdependon…Winterstormsthatbringice,sleet,andsnow,theycancausetrafficproblem.

Winterstormsthatbringice,sleet,andsnowcancausetrafficproblem. or:Winterstormsbringice,sleet,andsnowwhichcancausetrafficproblem.35Thepriceofonetonofcrudeoilis1,300yuanonthemarket,whileitisonly800yuanifitissoldtothegovernment.

Thepriceofonetonofcrudeoilis1,300yuanifitissoldonthemarketbutonly800yuanifitissoldtothegovernment.Theriverwillfloodagainnextyearunlesswewillbuildabetterdam.

Theriverwillfloodagainnextyearunlesswebuildabetterdam.36Thedelegatesagreedthatthesearevitalissuesforthenextcentury,bothforpeople’squalityoflifeandforsavingtheenvironment.Thedelegatesagreedthatthesearevitalissuesforthenextcentury,bothforthequalityofpeople’slivesandforthepreservationofenvironment.IfIwouldhavetrainedfortherace,Imighthavewon.

IfIhadbeentrainedfortherace,Iwouldhavewon.TheinstructordividedtheworkbetweenSamandI.

TheinstructordividedtheworkbetweenSamandme.37HermothertoldhershewasgoingtovisitBeijing.

Hermothertoldher,“IamgoingtovisitBeijing.”Weshouldalsoreviewourexperiencefrequentlyandmakeadjustmentsinlightoftheactualconditionswhenwefindproblems.Weshouldalsoreviewourexperiencefrequentlyand,whenwefindproblems,makeadjustmentsinlightoftheactualconditions38Fromtheirpointofview,manyprojectsformeetinglocalneedsareprimary,butinviewoftheoverallinterest,theyareoftenregardedassecondaryandcanbepostponed.(tolerable)

Fromtheirpointofview,manyprojectsdesignedtomeetlocalneedsareofprimaryimportance,butfromtheoverallpointofviewitisquitepossiblethattheyaresecondaryandcanbepostponed.39Economically,wearestrugglingforthedemocracyofdistributionoffoodgrain,reductionofrentandinterest,increaseofwages,gettingridofunemploymentanddevelopingproduction.

Economically,wearestrugglingtoensurethedemocraticdistributionofgrain,reducerentsandinterestrates,increasewages,eliminateunemploymentanddevelopproduction.40Ifeachenterprisegoesitalone,theywillneverbeabletoimprovethequalityoftheirproducts.

Ifeachenterprisegoesitalone,itwillneverbeabletoimprovethequalityofitsproducts.41LiYilipointsoutthatthesenortherntribeswerestillintheearlystageoffeudalismorslaverywhentheyconqueredtheHan-Chinesepopulatedareaswherefeudalismhadenjoyeditszenith(顶点，极点）.TherefinedliteratureandtheluxuriouslifestyleofthenobleHanChineseweretoopowerfultoresist,whilemaintainingtheirownmilitarymightbecameaburden.

LiYilipointsoutthatthesenortherntribeswerestillintheearlystageoffeudalismorslaverywhentheyconqueredtheareaspopulatedbyHan-Chinese,wherefeudalismwasatitszenith.TherefinedliteratureandluxuriouslifestyleofthenobleHanChineseweretoopowerfulforthetribestoresist,whiletheyfounditanincreasingburdentomaintaintheirownmilitarymight.

4221.Ratherthanbeingajudgewhopronouncestheverdict,theteacherbecomesaneditorwhoguidesstudents'writingwiththismethod.Withthismethod,theteacherbecomesaneditorwhoguidesstudents'writing,ratherthanajudgewhopronouncestheverdict.43III.BetterYourSentences44VerbPhraseandItsCorrespondingAbstractNoun(1):ObservationsCollegelifemakesmefeelexcited.Ifyoucomparetwowaysoflifecarefully,youwillfindtheformerissuperiortothelatter.Thelife-stylehasbecomeacceptedandwelcomebymoreandmoreyoungpeople.Ourparentsalwaysexpectustomakeprogressinschoolandifwefailtodoso,theywillaskwhy.grammaticallyrightbutinfluencedbythewriter’sChinesewayofthinkingnotpureEnglishunacceptableinEnglishcountries45VerbPhraseandItsCorrespondingAbstractNoun(2):TheoriesWhyunacceptable?

GrammaticalComparisonsofChinese&English

ChineseEnglishNounsnoderivativesFewerabstractnounsrichinderivatives派生词colorfulinabstractnounsPrepositionsafewmanyTendencyofexpressingideasVividexpressionsdependuponverbstoomuch.Abstractnounsareusedtoreplacesomemeaningsofverbs.46VerbsinChineseandEnglish老栓还踌躇着，这黑的人便抢过灯笼，一把拽下纸罩，裹了馒头，塞与老栓，一手抓过洋钱，转身去了，嘴里哼着说……晴雯先接出来，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我等了这一天，快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢！”InthemidstofitcomesunexpectedlyovertheradiotheannouncementofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesdeclaringastateofemergencyforsuspectedenemymissileapproaching.47SamplesofNominalSuffixes:-tion:realization,examination,transportation,contribution-sion:decision,conclusion,confusion-ity:formality,ability,responsibility,capability-ment:advertisement,development,movement-ence:emergence;dependence,persistence,-ance:tolerance,endurance,assistance,-ism:criticism,alcoholism-ness:carelessness,thoughtfulness,consciousness-ing:understanding,building48VerbPhraseandItsCorrespondingAbstractNoun(3):RevisionsCollegelifemakesmefeelexcited.Ifyoucomparetwowaysoflifecarefully,youwillfindtheformerissuperiortothelatter.Thelife-stylehasbecomeacceptedandwelcomedbymoreandmoreyoungpeople.4.Ourparentsalwaysexpectustomakeprogressinschoolandifwefailtodoso,theywillaskwhy.Collegelifefilledmewithexcitement.Carefulcomparisonoftwowaysoflifewillshowyouthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelatter.Thelifestylehasfounditsgrowingpopularityandacceptanceamongyoungpeople.Ourparentsalwaysexpectprogressofusinschoolandquestionitsabsence.49VerbPhraseandItsCorrespondingAbstractNoun(4):MoreExamplesThemayorsaidthathewasverygratefulbecausetheconstructionworkerswereverydedicatedandcompetent.Ifwedon’trecognizehowserioustheproblemofgrowingpopulationis,wewillmakeabigmistake.Thissolutioniswelcomedandacceptedbycollegestudentsimmediately.4.Thisincidenthelpsmetounderstandthenatureofhumanbeingsdeeply.Themayorexpressedhisappreciationofthededicationandcompetenceoftheconstructionworkers.Failuretorecognizetheseriousnessofgrowingpopulationwillleadtoabigmistake.Thissolutionfindsimmediatewelcomeandacceptanceamongcollegestudents.Thisincidentdeepensmyunderstandingofthenatureofhumanbeings.505.Iamverygladofthisthathewillaccompanymetotravelonthelongjourney.6.Weallseethatitisverynecessarytoreviseoureducationalsystem.7.WhenIbecameapostgraduate,thewholefamilyfeltproudofmeandeventhewholevillagetalkedaboutme.8.Justimagine!TomakemyparentswaitforawholeweekwithoutgettingmynewswhetherIarrivedsafelyornot.Iamverygladofhiscompanyonthelongjourney.Weallseethenecessityoftherevisionofoureducationalsystem.Asacollegestudent,Ibecametheprideofthefamilyandeventhetalkofthevillage.Justimagine!Toleavemyparentsawholeweekwithoutnewsofmysafearrival.51Dynamic&StaticVerbsinEnglishandChinese(1):ObservationDynamicverbsandStaticVerbs?

Dynamicverbs(sometimesreferredtoas"actionverbs")usuallydescribeactionswecantake,orthingsthathappen;staticverbsusuallyrefertoastateorconditionwhichisnotchangingorlikelytochange.

Samplesofstaticverbs:

外国语是人生战斗的一种武器。/她有一双大大的眼睛。52Samplesofstaticverbs:位于小镇一边的山坡上是三五成群的绵羊。路边满是盛开的黄花。另一边则是高高的银顶山。瓦口要隘就在近四百公尺的高处。

TranslationinChinglishway:Ononesideofthetowntherearemanysheepinthehillsandalongtheroadsareyellowwildflowers.OntheothersidethereistheBigSilverTopandnearly400metersup,WakouPassisthroughit.

Translationofanative-speaker:Ononesideofthetown,sheepabounded

byfoursandfivesinthehills,andyellowwildflowerslinedtheroads.OntheothersiderosetheBigSilverTopandnearly400metersup,WakouPasscutthroughit.53Dynamic&StaticVerbsinEnglishandChinese(2):TheoriesChineseoverusesofstaticverbsEnglishForvividness,usingdynamicverbsasmanyaspossibleSamples:TheSummerPalaceisoneofthebiggestandoldestparksinChina.ItisthemostbeautifulparkinBeijingaswell.Inthepark,therearemanyfamousarchitectureswhichmakeitdifferentfromotherparks.Ontheriverbankstherearemanywillowtreeswiththeirbranchesbendingintowater.ManyfamousarchitecturalfeaturesdistinguishtheSummerPalace,oneofthebiggestandoldestparksinChina,fromjustanyotherpark.Manywillowtreesbendtheirbranchesintotheriver.54Dynamic&StaticVerbsinEnglishandChinese(3):Samples3.生态失去平衡是野生动植物，乃至人类生存的最大威胁。Ecologicalimbalanceisthebiggestthreattothesurvivalofwildanimalsandplants,evenhumanbeings.4.自我形象是看待成功和失败的基础。Self-conceptionisthebasisofone’sattitudetowardssuccessandfailure.5.互相尊重的精神是我们文化合作的基础。Thespiritofmutualrespectisthebasisofourculturalcooperation.6.这些原则一直是我们民族的精神支柱。Theseprinciplesarethespiritualpillarsofournations.Ecologicalimbalancethreatensthesurvivalofwildanimalsandplants,evenhumanbeings.Self-conceptionunderlinesone’sattitudetowardssuccessandfailure.Theframeworkofmutualrespectsustainsourownculturalcooperation.Theseprincipleshavenourishedthesoulofournation.55SentenceStructuresinEnglishandChinese(1):Theories汉语句子没有主谓语框架的语法限制，它可以几个动词结构连用，几个名词短语连续平行铺排；也正是没有非谓语形式和定语从句，没有发达的连接词，要表达复杂的思想时，只能借助自然词序，按动作发生的顺序或因果逻辑关系来排列，分句之间只能以意相连，逐步交代，层层铺开，一一道来，呈线性结构（竹竿型）。如图：例1.我国政府恢复对香港行使主权，雪洗了中华民族的百年耻辱，可以告慰无数的革命先烈和前辈。（江泽民《十五大报告》）例2.这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业异军突起。例3.我们的国家大，人口众多，经济落后，农业要搞上去，最重要的还是要依靠一系列正确的政策调动农民的积极性，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。56SentenceStructuresinEnglishandChinese(2):Theories英语有着极为丰富的介词、连词和汉语中没有的关系代词、关系副词、分词、动名词等。它可以撇开按动作顺序造句的限制，而依赖于从句结构和上述词类作为钩子着重在空间操作、搭架，形成树型构造。见图：57Sample:aSentencethedatashowBasedonanimaltestsofnearly1000chemicals,AdverbialMainClausethatdailyconsumptionoftheaveragepeanut-buttersandwich,…is100timesmoredangerousthanourdailyintakeofDDTfromfoodwhichcontainstracesofaflatoxin黄曲霉毒素(anaturallyoccurringmoldcarcinogen致癌物

inpeanuts)AppositiveAttributiveClauseandthataglassofthemostpollutedwellwaterintheSiliconValleyis1000timeslessofcancerriskthanaglassofwineorbeeris.ObjectClauseNo.1ObjectClauseNo.2译文：以将近1000种化学物质作的动物试验所得到的数据表明，每日所消耗的普通花生酱三明治中含有的微量黄曲霉素（花生中天然存在的一种霉菌致癌物）比我们每日从食物中摄取DDT的危险大100倍。一杯硅谷最受污染的井水比一杯葡萄酒或啤酒致癌的危险要小1000倍。581.我国政府恢复对香港行使主权，雪洗了中华民族的百年耻辱，可以告慰无数的革命先烈和前辈。2.这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业异军突起。3.我们的国家大，人口众多，经济落后，农业要搞上去，最重要的还是要依靠一系列正确的政策调动农民的积极性，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。SentenceStructuresinEnglishandChinese(2):SamplesNowthattheChinesegovernmenthasresumedtheexercisesofsovereignoverHongKong,ithaswipedoutthecentury-oldhumiliationoftheChinesenation,aconsolationtonumerousrevolutionarymartyrsandveterans.Duringthosefiveyears,ruralreformbroughtaboutmanychanges:agreatincreaseincropproductionandinfarmers’incomeaswellastheriseofruralenterprisesasanewforce.Agricultureadvanceinsovastacountry,withsuchalargepopulationandbackwardeconomyasinChina,requiresaboveallaseriesofcorrectpolicieswhichmotivatethefarmertoworkhardandself-reliantly.59SentenceStructuresinEnglishandChinese(3):Samples要改变中国学生大量使用简单句、并列句的倾向，就要善于利用英语中的从句、分句、介词短语等语言形式，构筑大树。这是改变竹竿型简单句，写出地道英语句子的关键。4.Teachersplayanimportantroleineducation.Theirsocialstatusshouldbeimproved.Butinthepasttheyhaveseldomenjoyed,thoughtheyhavedeserved.5.Collegestudentsnowareprimarilyinterestedingrades.Sotheycheatmorefrequentlyinexam,unlikethosewhograduatedinthe80s.Theyareonlyconcernedwiththeirownpersonalfuture.Theyconsiderverylittletheproblemsofsociety.Teachersplaysuchanimportantroleineducationthattheirsocialstatusshouldbeimproved,thestatustheyhavealwaysdeservedbutseldomenjoyedinthepast.Collegestudentsprimarilyinterestedingradesareexpectedtocheatmorefrequentlyintheexamthanthosewhograduatedinthe80s,andtheyarelessconcernedwiththeproblemsofsocietythantheirownpersonalfuture.60SentenceStructuresinEnglishandChinese(4):Samples6.Somepeoplesucceed.Somepeoplefail.Theessentialdifferenceisnotthenumberofopportunities.Itiswhethertheycantakeadvantageofopportunities.7.Shanghaihasapopulationofover13millionandisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.Oneessentialdifferencebetweenthosewhosucceedandthosewhofallliesinthewaytheycantakeadvantageofopportunitiesratherthantheirnumbers.Shanghai,acitywithapopulationofover13million,isoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.61Tryadifferentbeginningforyoursentences.62Group1:Sentencesbeginningwith"there".ThereisnotenoughevidencetoshowthatthisattackwascarriedoutbyBinLadin.Thereisalwaysachanceforthosewhowon'tgiveup.63Group2:Sentencesbeginningwithnumbersorideas.Morethan5,000peoplehavebeenreporteddeadormissingintheSept.11thattack.ManyofFreud'sideasarequitehardtounderstand.64Group3:Sentencesbeginningwithprepositions.Inthe1980's,computerwasstillanoveltytomostChinese.Bytheentrancestoodtwoarmedpolicemen.65Group4.Sentencesbeginningwith"Although/If“Althoughwetakeoursenseofsmellforgranted,itslosscanmakeeverythingaroundusagreatmess.Ifdaydreamingisreallyuniversal,doyouthinkitisreallyuseful?66Group5.Sentencesbeginningwith"When/While".Whenonememberisill,thewholefamilywillbecomedistressed.WhileFreudempha