英语名师讲练大一轮复习外研版通用核心素养测评四十选修8Module4～6

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评四十选修8Modules4～6(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解Peoplepossessthesamephysicalorgansforsensingtheworld:wehaveeyesforseeing,earsforhearing,nosesforsmelling.Butdoeseveryonereallysensetheworldinexactlythesameway?Twolinguists,EdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorf,didn’tthinkso.Theybelievedthatpeople’sperception(感知)oftheworlddependsverymuchonthelanguagetheyspeak.Theybelievedthatlanguageisessentiallylikeapairofeyeglasses;itinfluencesthewaywe“see”theworld.Takearainbowforexample.Weseesixcolorsinit.Butisthatall?Doyouseeanyothers?Inmanycultures,speakersofdifferentlanguagesmighttellyoutherearemorethansixcolors,ortheymighttellyouthereareless!ThetwolinguistswenttoMexicotoinvestigatethisperceptionofcolor,paringthedifferencebetweenEnglishspeakersandthepeopleinMexico.TheMexicansuseonewordforthetwowordsEnglishusesforblueandgreen.Theylabelblueandgreenasonecolor.So,theysawfivecolorsinarainbow.Anotherfamousexampleshowshowlanguagecanbeareflectionofconceptsimportanttoaparticularculture.AmericansandtheBritishuseonlyafewtermstodescribesnow:snow,sleet,freezingrain,andafewothers.Eskimos,ontheotherhand,havemanywordstodescribesnow.Snowthatisfalling,ontheground,inblocks,andsnowthatmakeswavypatterns—eachareexplainedthroughseparatewords.SnowisanimportantpartofEskimolifeanditsculture.ThusitisnecessarythatEskimoshavethevocabularytospecificallydescribeit.Languageinfluencesthought,butitdoesn’tdeterminewhatconceptswe’reabletothinkof.Ifwedon’thaveaparticularwordinourlanguage,itjusttakesmoretimeandmorewordsforustodescribethatconcept.Itisaproblemoftranslation,notofourabilitytobeabletoimaginetheconcept.【文章大意】本文是说明文。两个语言学家经过研究发现人们对事物的感知依赖于他们说的不同语言。不同语言对某些事物的描述是不一样的,导致人们对同一事物的认识有所差异。这给翻译造成一定困难,但不影响人们对概念的理解。1.Howdoestheauthordescribetheimpactoflanguageonpeople’sperception?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byraisingquestions.C.Bydoingexperiments.D.Bylistingnumbers.【解析】选A。写作方法题。根据第二段中“Takearainbowforexample.”可知作者通过举例子说明了语言对人们感知的影响。故选A。2.WhydoMexicansonlyseefivecolorsinarainbow?A.Theycan’ttellblueandgreen.B.Theyaremostlycolorblind.C.Theirlanguageisunderdeveloped.D.Theyuseonewordfortwoofthecolors.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheMexicansuseonewordforthetwowordsEnglishusesforblueandgreen.”可知,在墨西哥语中,蓝色和绿色是一个词表达的,所以他们在彩虹中看到的是五种颜色。故选D。3.Whatcanweinferfromthefourthparagraph?A.Eskimosliveonsnow.B.Americanpeopledon’tlikesnow.C.Languageisrelatedtospecificlifeandculture.D.Languagedifferenceslieindifferentweather.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中“SnowisanimportantpartofEskimolifeanditsculture.ThusitisnecessarythatEskimoshavethevocabularytospecificallydescribeit.”可推知,语言与人们的生活和文化是有联系的。故选C。4.Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?A.Languageimpactstheconceptwethinkof.B.Languageaffectsthewaywethink,nottheidea.C.Everyonesensestheworldinthesameway.D.Everyonehastheabilitytotranslatelanguages.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Languageinfluencesthought,butitdoesn’tdeterminewhatconceptswe’reabletothinkof.”可知,语言影响着人们的思维(方式),但无法决定人们所能思考的内容。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.possessv.拥有;控制2.dependon 取决于,依赖3.essentially adv.本来;本质上4.label v. 贴标签于5.reflection n.反射;映像6.describe v.描写7.specifically adv.特别地Ⅱ.完形填空导学号IfoundoutIhadaseverenutallergyin2006.Ihadgone1withmymumandIhadboughtmyselfashrimp.Icanrememberhavinga2painfullump(肿块)onmytongueassoonasIhadamouthful.What3nextwasabsolutelyterrifying,4feelingterrifiedtoswellingofmyfaceandthroat.Thishappenedvery5andIwasluckythatthedoctorsarrivedwithin5minutes.Becauseofthis6,IbecamemuchmoreinterestedinfoodandsoIdecidedto7tobeeanutritionist.Scaryasthereactionwas,insomewaysIam8thishappenedtomebecauseitsparkedanew9andIwouldeventuallylovetospecializeinallergies.

WhenIdecidedIwantedtobeea10,IhadtomovetoUniversityfarfromhome.11,Iwasabitnervousofhousesharingandtheriskofcrosscontamination(交叉污染).Thankfully,Ihavenot12anotheranaphylacticshock(过敏性休克)since2006.Ihavealso13alotofotherstudentsatUniversitywhoalsohave14allergies.IrealizedthatIwasnotaloneandthatinfact15affectsalotmorepeoplethanIhadthought.

Iwouldadvisepeoplewithsevereallergiestoalways16theingredientlists,17it’ssomethingyoueatoften.Mostimportantly,don’tbeafraidof18withanallergy.IfyouareplanningmovingawaytoUniversity,19yourhousematesaboutyourallergy(justincaseofaveryunfortunateincident)20theywillknowwhattodo.Also,trytokeepyourkitchenclean!Ifyoueverneedsupport,theAnaphylaxisCampaignisheretohelp.

【文章大意】本篇为记叙文,讲述了作者对某些食物过敏的经历和应对措施,并建议别人采取正确措施,坦然面对过敏。1.A.washingB.travelingC.shopping D.visiting【解析】选C。根据下文Ihadboughtmyselfashrimp可知,作者去购物了。2.A.smallB.bigC.hardD.soft【解析】选A。根据下文assoonasIhadamouthful可知,刚吃一口虾,初期的过敏应该是舌头上起了小小的肿块。3.A.returned B.followedC.noticed D.remembered【解析】选B。此处意思是接下来(followed)的情况更吓人。4.A.from B.with C.about D.after【解析】选A。此处为from...to固定搭配。5.A.slowly B.happily C.closely D.quickly【解析】选D。根据下文Iwasluckythatthedoctorsarrivedwithin5minutes可知,过敏来得很快。6.A.accident B.experience C.event D.failure【解析】选B。这次过敏是一次经历,而不是事故或失败等。7.A.hope B.ask C.wait D.train【解析】选D。作者决定通过培训(train)成为一个营养学家。8.A.puzzled B.worriedC.pleased D.frightened【解析】选C。尽管过敏反应令人害怕,但作者还是因这件事而高兴,因为这激发了作者新的兴趣。9.A.interest B.allergy C.decision D.pain【解析】选A。此处意为激发了作者新的兴趣。10.A.nutritionist B.doctorC.nurse D.professor【解析】选A。根据上文Idecidedtotobeeanutritionist.可知,作者决定当营养学家。

11.A.Luckily B.UnfortunatelyC.Naturally D.Eventually【解析】选C。一个对某些事物过敏的人要与别人同住一室,自然(naturally)有点紧张。12.A.happened B.experiencedC.overe D.seen【解析】选B。根据句首的Thankfully可判断,作者再也没有经历过(experienced)过敏性休克。13.A.introduced B.recalledC.recognized D.met【解析】选D。此处意为:遇到过同样对食物过敏的人。14.A.food B.animal C.flower D.alcohol【解析】选A。根据also可知,别人的过敏跟作者一样,同为食物过敏。15.A.they B.she C.he D.it【解析】选D。影响人的是食物过敏这种病,所以用it代替。16.A.change B.read C.ignore D.study【解析】选B。再常吃的食物,也要看看(read)它的配料表,而不是改变(change),忽略(ignore)或研究(study)配料表。17.A.aslongas B.evenifC.asif D.asfor【解析】选B。即使再常吃的食物,也要看看它的配料表。18.A.living B.carrying C.taking D.eating【解析】选A。livewith...为习惯搭配。19.A.hide B.tell C.warn D.discuss【解析】选B。告诉室友你有过敏症,以防万一。20.A.but B.thus C.then D.and【解析】选D。整个句子为“祈使句+and”结构。【知识拓展】背景链接Foodallergyisanimmunesystemreactionthatoccurssoonaftereatingacertainfood.Evenatinyamountoftheallergycausingfoodcantriggersignsandsymptomssuchasdigestiveproblems,hivesorswollenairways.Insomepeople,afoodallergycancauseseveresymptomsorevenalifethreateningreaction.Ⅲ.语法填空导学号阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Qatarfinallyhasalogoforthe2022WorldCup,anditreflectsboththetournament’sexcellentbasicfacilitiesandwinterschedule.1.(use)thecolorsoftheQatariflag,thewhiteemblem(徽章)isset2.amaroonbackground.

It3.(inspire)bytheoutlineoftheWorldCuptrophywiththeunbrokenloopshowingafigureofeight—thenumberofstadiums4.(build)fortheMiddleEast’sfirstWorldCupinthetinyPersianGulfnation.

FIFAsays5.designalsodraws“inspirationfroma6.(tradition)woolenshawl.”

SuchwintergarmentsreflecttheWorldCupbeingplayedinNovemberandDecember20227.(avoid)thefiercesummerheatinJuneandJulywhenthetournamentisusuallyplayed.Thereveal8.(e)at20:22localtime(8:22pm)inDoha.TheimagewasprojectedontobuildingsintheQataricapital,includingtheAlZubarahFort,andappearedat9.(site)inKuwait,Lebanon,JordanandIraq.Amongtheinternationalsites10.thelogowasdisplayedonSeptember3wastheArchofPeaceinMilanandatrainstationinParis.

【文章大意】本文为说明文,介绍2022年卡塔尔世界杯会徽的设计。1.【解析】Using。考查非谓语动词。句意:使用卡塔尔国旗的颜色,白色的徽章以栗色为背景。根据句意可知,主语与use之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,故用Using。2.【解析】against。考查介词。根据句意可知此处应用against表示“以……为背景”。3.【解析】isinspired。考查时态和语态。句意:会徽的灵感源自世界杯奖杯的轮廓,闭合环状轮廓形似数字8——这也是这个波斯湾小国为中东首次世界杯所建的体育场馆数量。根据句意结合空格后的bytheoutlineoftheWorldCuptrophy可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语为It,故用isinspired。4.【解析】built。考查非谓语动词。句中stadiums与build之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,故用built。5.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:国际足联称,这一设计也“从一种传统羊毛披肩中汲取了灵感”。根据句意可知此处指的是上文提到的设计,应用定冠词the。6.【解析】traditional。考查形容词。根据句子结构可知此处应用形容词修饰名词woolenshawl,故用traditional。7.【解析】toavoid。考查非谓语动词。句意:这种冬季服饰反映出本届世界杯的举办时间是2022年11月和12月,避开夏季最热的6月和7月——世界杯的常规举办时间。根据句意可知应用不定式作目的状语,故用toavoid。8.【解析】came。考查时态。句意:官方会徽揭幕仪式于当地时间晚上8点22分在卡塔尔首都多哈举行。根据句意可知应用一般过去时,故用came。9.【解析】sites。考查名词。句意:会徽形象被投射到祖巴拉城堡等多哈的建筑物上,并在科威特、黎巴嫩、约旦和伊拉克的部分场地出现。根据句意可知此处为多个场地,应用复数形式sites。10.【解析】where。考查定语从句。句意:9月3日,这一会徽在多家国际场地进行了展示,包括米兰的和平拱门和巴黎的一个火车站。根据句意可知此处为定语从句修饰先行词sites,且定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。Ⅳ.短文改错LastSeptember,Ietothiskeymiddleschoolinthetown,whichIwasshockedbythelearningenthusiasmofmyclassmates,butnowI’vebeenaccustomedtoit.Theyspendeveryminutesinstudy.TheyreadEnglishwiththelightofthestreetlamponthewaytothedormitory.Theysometimestayupreadinginbed.Itseemsasifthattheyhaveinterestinnothingbutstudy.Undoubted,studyisthemostimportantthingatschool,andIthinkweshouldbinestudyandrelaxation.Weshouldalsoparticipateallkindsofactivitiesandsparesometimetodevelopourinterests.Ihopetheyhaveacolorfulschoollife.答案:1.【解析】第一句e改为came。考查时态,根据lastSeptember可知,此处应用过去时态。2.【解析】第一句which改为where。考查定语从句,先行词为thetown,且关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用where。3.【解析】第二句minutes改为minute。考查名词单复数,every修饰单数名词。4.【解析】第三句with改为by。考查介词,bythelight“借着灯光”为习惯搭配。5.【解析】第四句sometime改为sometimes。考查副词,此处表示频率,“有时候”,要用副词sometimes。6.【解析】第五句去掉that。考查从句引导词,一个从句只能有一个引导词,asif和that作用重复。7.【解析】第六句Undoubted改为Undoubtedly。考查副词用法,此处位于句首,作状语,故要用副词形式。8.【解析】第六句第一个and改为but。考查连词,此处上下句之间为转折关系。9.【解析】第七句participate后加in。考查介词,participatein“参加”为固定搭配。10.【解析】第八句they改为we。考查人称代词,根据上下文逻辑关系,此处复指上文中的our,为第一人称。Ⅴ.书面表达假定你是李华,下周六你校将举办中国传统象棋大赛。你的英国笔友Leslie对中国象棋(Chinesechess)非常感兴趣,请你给他写一封邮件。内容包括: 1.比赛时间和地点; 2.比赛目的; 3.发出邀请。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearLeslie,Howarethingsgoing?TherewillbeaChinesechesspetitiontobeheldinourschoolhallnextSaturday.TheaimofthepetitionistopromotetheawarenessofthetraditionalChinesecultureamongthestudents.IknowyouareveryfondofChinesechess,soI’mwritingtoinviteyoutotaketheopportunitytoappreciateit.Bywatchingthosewhoareskilledatchesspetingwitheachother,notonlywillyoulearnsomethingaboutthehistoryofit,butalsothetechniquesofplayingit.Ifyoue,pleasecontactmeinadvance.I’llprovideyouwithsomenecessaryhelp.Wishyouawonderfultime!Yours,LiHua【加固训练】Ⅰ.语法填空Ienjoyed1(be)inYosemiteNationalPark.Iwascampinginatentwithmyfriendwhileherparentsstayedinthecamper.OnenightI2(hear)whatsoundedlikeabearnearby.Thatkeptme3(wake)forawhile!Itwaswarmthere,soIwentraftingdowntheMercedRiver.Ididn’thavemy4(glass)on.IpassedthebridgewhereIwassupposedtogetoutandwentallthewaydowntothenextone.Ittookmealongtime,butI5(final)foundmywaybacktoourcampsite.Myfriendswere6(worry)aboutme.IwasveryinspiredbythebeautyofYosemite.Ibecamefascinatedby7storyandpersonofJohnMuir.Itamazedme8heclimbedthosemountainswithnoprotectiveequipment.IboughteverythingIcouldbyandaboutMuirevenafter9(me)washomeagain.Ihaven’thadthechancesince1991,10IwouldlovetovisitYosemiteagainandmanyotherofourwonderfulnationalparks.

【文章大意】本文作者回忆了在YosemiteNationalPark野营的故事,并表示愿意再次去那里,还要游览更多别的国家公园。1.【解析】being。考查动名词。此处为enjoyed的宾语,应为动名词。2.【解析】heard。考查时态。Onenight为过去的时间,所以此处用过去时态。3.【解析】awake。考查形容词。keepsb.awake使某人保持清醒。4.【解析】glasses。考查名词。haveglasseson戴着眼镜。5.【解析】finally。考查副词。最终(finally)找到了回去的路。6.【解析】worried。考查过去分词。beworriedabout...为……担心。