2021年高考英语大一轮复习外研版必修

Module1OurBodyandHealthyHabitsI•阅读理解A（2020•蚌埠模拟）KnowingwhichofthesestatementshavebeenprovedbySCIENCE—andwhichareMYTHS谬论）—couldimproveyourhealth.Herearesomehealthfactsyourdoctorwantsyoutoknow.Notallheartattackshaveasymptom（症状）ofchestpain.Truth!A2012studyofmorethan1.1millionheartattackpatientsfoundthat31percentofmenand42percentofwomendidn 'thaveanychestpainbeforebeinghospitalized.Call911forothersymptoms,too,includingshortnessofbreath,light-headedness,andpainelsewhereintheupperbody.Youdonotneedeightglassesofwatereveryday.Truth!Thereisnotanyscientificevidencethateightisthemagicnumber.Youmightneedmoreorlessthanthat,dependingonfactors（因素）suchasclimateandbodysize.Tomakesureyouaregettingenough,justdrinkwaterthroughouttheday.Youneedlesssleepasyougetolder.Myth!Olderadultsoftensleeplessasaresultofseriousconditionsthataremorecommonwithageaswellasthedrugsusedtotreatthem.Butthatdoesn'tmeantheyrequirelesssleep.Whilesleepneedsvaryfrompersontoperson,mostadultsshouldgetatleastsevenhoursofsleepforhealth.Readingindim（昏暗的）lightwillharmyoureyes.Myth!Itmighttireyoureyesintheshortterm,butthere'snoevidencethatitwilldoanylastingdamage.Whenreading,positionlighttoshinedirectlyonthepageratherthanfromoveryourshouldertoreduceunpleasantbrightlight.【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。作者在文中向大家分别澄清了四条传言的真假,同时给出了科学的解释。Whichofthefollowinghasbeenprovedtobetrue?

Youareinneedofmuchlesssleepasyougetolder.Readingindimlightdoeslastingdamagetoyoureyes.Someheartattacksdon 'thaveasymptomofchestpain.Youmustgetmorethaneightglassesofwatereveryday.【解析】选Co细节理解题。通过文中四个小标题及小标题下对应的“Truth!（事实）”“Myth!（虚构的事）”即可确定答案。第一个小标题“Notallheartattackshaveasymptomofchestpain.”意为:不是所有的心脏病都有胸痛的症状,也就是说有一些心脏病没有胸痛的症状。故C选项正确。Accordingtothetext,whatmaybetheresultofusingdrugs?Heartattacks. B.Weakeyes.C.Lesssleep. D.Shortnessofbreath.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下“Olderadultsoftensleeplessasaresultofseriousconditionsthataremorecommonwithageaswellasthedrugsusedtotreatthem.”可知,年龄大一点的成年人常常睡得少,一方面是由更为常见的严重老年疾病导致的,一方面与用来治疗这些疾病的药物有关。由此可知,使用药物有可能导致睡得少。故C选项正确。What'sthepurposeofthetext?Toinform. B.Toentertain.C.Toadvertise. D.Topraise.【解析】选A。写作意图题。由文章第一段中的“Herearesomehealthfactsyourdoctorwantsyoutoknow.（以下是一些医生想要你知道的关于健康的事实。）”可知,这篇文章目的是想给大家普及一些健康知识。故 A选项正确。【知识拓展】长难句分析Olderadultsoftensleeplessasaresultofseriousconditionsthataremorecommonwithageaswellasthedrugsusedtotreatthem.分析:本句是主从复合句。thataremorecommonwithage是定语从句,修饰conditions;usedtotreatthem是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰drugs。翻译:老年人经常因为更为常见的严重老年疾病和治疗这些疾病的药物而睡眠不足。firefighterKangBfirefighterKangAfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga（瑜伽）,andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer“foresthealing”（森林治愈）;thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder（创伤后应激障碍）.SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinRepublicofKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.RepublicofKoreans—manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer,it seems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanada'sTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.“Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,”saysNisbet.“Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV.”ButRepublicofKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat 'sasitshouldbe.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对人类健康的作用。WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?

Gettinglostinnature.Buildinguphisstrength.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第一段内容 KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga,andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers可知,KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈:品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故选A。WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的 ...hadbetterattention andshort-termmemory...可知,StephenKaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力,也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。故选 C。Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?YourlifeinforestsYourbrainonnatureThefutureofforesthealingThebenefitsofastress-freelife【解析】选B。标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处 ，故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。故选 B。【知识拓展】佳词积累sufferfrom遭受pressuren.压力enthusiasm n.热情降低血压apleasantnaturalenvironment 令人愉快的自然环境降低血压lowerbloodpressuren.完形填空AnoldgrandpaasordinaryasFatherBrownwillneverattractpeople'sattentionandinterest ineverydaylife.Whocanimaginethatunderhis1 appearaneeliesgreatwisdomandtalentforsolving2?FatherBrownisaCatholicpriestfromEngland.Heis3andfat,hasaroundanddullface,andeyesasemptyastheNorthSea.Healwayswears 4clothesandcarriesalargeumbrella. 5thismanunderstandspeoplewell.Whenhe 6acase,heuseshisinsightintohumannaturetoputhimselfinthe 7shoesandthenfindtherealcriminal. "Ihad8themallmyselfIhadplannedouteachofthecrimesvery9.AndwhenIfeltexactlylikehimmyself,ofcourseIknewwhohewas!”10Holmes,FatherBrownfocusesmoreon 11andpsychologicaltruthsratherthanscientific details.Onceheis12wherethemurdererwouldhidethebody,hethinkslikethis:ifa13 personwantstohidealeaf,whereshouldtheyhideit?Inthe14 !Ifthereisn't,hewould15one.That'showhesolvedacaseinwhichageneralsends800soldierstofightinawarjustto16_themurderofonesoldier.AlthoughFatherBrownhasasharpsenseforcrimes,healsohasa17heartforcriminals.Manytimeshedoesn 'tsendcriminalstocourt,butgetsthemto18_theirfaultsandtobeginanewlife.Asa 19 ,FatherBrownshowsgreatloveand20 .Maybeheisnottheretojudge,buttosavesouls.【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文中叙述了一位叫布朗的神父，在朴素的外表下，隐藏着伟大的智慧和破案的才华。 布朗神父对犯罪有敏锐的判断力 ，但他对罪犯表现出极大的爱和宽恕让他们改邪归正，开始新的生活，以此来拯救他们的灵魂。A.handsome B.uglyC.plainD.outstanding【解析】选Cohandsome英俊的；ugly丑陋的；plain朴素的；outstanding杰出的。根据上一句"AnoldgrandpaasordinaryasFatherBrown 可知，他的外表是朴素的(plain), 故选Co2.A.crimesB.problemsC.puzzlesD.riddles解析】选A。crime罪行;problem问题;puzzle困惑;riddle谜语。根据下方的内容可知,他利用自己的智慧找到了一些案件的罪犯,故此处“谁能想象朴素的外表下的他有伟大的智慧和破案的才能呢?”,solvecrimes可知,他利用自己的智慧找到了一些案件的罪犯,故此处“谁能想象朴素的外表下的他有伟大的智慧和破案的才能呢?”,solvecrimes译为“破案”。故选A。3.A.strongB.tallC.shortD.healthy解析】选C。strong解析】选C。strong强壮的;tall高大的;short矮小的;healthy健康的。根据前文可知他是一个很普通的人，再根据后面的并列连词 and及“fat,hasaroundanddullface,”此处是指“他又矮又胖”,故选C。4.A.well-ironedB.shapelessC.trendyD.stylish解析】选B。well-ironed face,”此处是指“他又矮又胖”,故选C。4.A.well-ironedB.shapelessC.trendyD.stylish解析】选B。well-ironed 熨烫平整的;shapeless不成形的;trendy时髦的;stylish时尚的。根据上文可知,A、C、D与前文描述“他的朴素、平凡”意义不符,此处是指“衣服不成形的(shapeless)”,即衣着随意,故选B。5.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.Or解析】选C。根据前文的叙述可知他是个平凡的老爷爷,但却很了解别人。由此可知前后意义是转折的,故选C。6.A.getsthrough6.A.getsthroughB.looksintoC.searchesforD.listenstoC.searchesforD.listensto解析】选B。解析】选B。getthrough通过;lookinto调查;searchfor寻找;listento倾听。本文讲述的是他破案,本文讲述的是他破案,可知,此处是指“当他调查(looksinto)案件时”,故选B。7.A.judge's7.A.judge'sB.God'sC.victim'sC.victim'sD.murderer【解析】选【解析】选D。此处是指“他利用对人性的洞察,把自己置于凶手的(murderer's)境地后找到真正的罪犯”“putoneselfinone'后找到真正的罪犯”“putoneselfinone'shoes”为固定搭配,意为“换位思考”选D。8.A.hiddenB.savedC.helpedD.killed解析】选D。hide隐藏;save8.A.hiddenB.savedC.helpedD.killed解析】选D。hide隐藏;save节约,拯救;help帮助;kill杀死。此处是指布朗想象自己就是罪犯,如同亲手杀死(killed)他人一样。故选D。A.carefullynervouslyA.carefullynervouslyD.casuallyhurriedlyD.casually意地。根据空后句子“当我觉得自己和杀人犯一模一样的时候”，所以“我仔细地(carefully)计划了每一件罪行”。故选 A。10.A.AsB.Unlike C.Like D.Despite【解析】选B。as作为;unlike不像,与 不同；like像;despite 尽管。根据后面的“FatherBrownfocusesmoreon andpsychologicaltruthsrather thanscientificdetails”可知，布朗神父与福尔摩斯不同(unlike), 故选B。11.A.spiritualB.accurateC.physicalD.fantasy【解析】选Aospiritual 精神上的；.accurate准确的；physical身体的；fantasy 幻想。根据并列连词and,可知与“psychological”并列的只能是 spiritual( 精神上的),此处是指“与福尔摩斯不同，布朗神父更注重精神和心理上的真理 ，而不是科学细节”故选Ao12.A.agreeingonB.checkingonC.givingawayD.thinkingabout【解析】选D。根据空后的“wherethemurdererwouldhidethebody”以及后面的“whereshouldtheyhideit?”可知，此处是指“他考虑(thinkabout)凶手会把尸体臧在哪里”，故选Do13.A.cruelB.loyal C.smartD.calm【解析】选Cocruel残忍的；loyal忠诚的；smart聪明的；calm冷静的。根据语境可知，此处是指“如果一个聪明(smart)人想把树叶藏起来，他们应该把它藏在哪里？”，故选G14.A.desertB.forestC.oceanD.mountain【解析】选Bodesert沙漠；forest森林;ocean海洋；mountain山脉。根据语境可知，把东西藏起来，就是让人找不到，因此把树叶藏在森林(forest)里是很难找到的。故选 Bo15.A.findB.imagine C.make D.draw【解析】选Cofind发现；imagine设想；make制造；draw画。分析语境可知，此处是指“如果没有森林,那就造(make)一个”。故选G16.A.checkintoB.coverupC.searchintoD.fightfor【解析】选Bocheckinto检查；coverup掩盖;searchinto搜索;fightfor为争取。分析语境可知，此处是指“一个将军派遣 800名士兵参加一场战争，只是为了掩盖(coverup)谋杀一名士兵”,故选B。A.soft B.warmC.brave D.normal【解析】选A。soft柔软的，温柔的；warm温暖的；brave勇敢的；normal正常的。根据下文“很多时候，他没有把罪犯送上法庭，而是让他们改邪归正，开始新的生活。”可知,他对罪犯也有一颗温柔的(soft)心，故选A。A.admit B.realize C.find D.correct【解析】选Doadmit承认；realize意识到；find发现；correct改正。根据语境可知，此处是指“让他们改正自己的错误 ，开始新的生活”，故选D。A.judge B.policemanC.murderer D.priest【解析】选Dojudge法官；policeman警察;murderer杀人犯；priest 牧师。根据第二段第一句“FatherBrownisaCatholicpriestfromEngland. ”可知，他是一名牧师，故选DbA.courage B.forgivenessC.determination D.enthusiasm【解析】选Bocourage勇气;forgiveness宽恕;determination 决心;enthusiasm热情。根据语境可知，此处是指“作为一名牧师，布朗神父表现出极大的爱和宽恕(forgiveness)。也许他不是在那里审判，而是去拯救灵魂”，故选B。川.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaplans1. (build)orrenovateabout21,000toiletsattouristdestinationsnextyear,saidtheMinistryofCultureandTourism. moveispartofthe“toiletrevolution ”ongoinginChina'stourist industrysince2015thatbidstoprovidetourists3.modernandcleantoilets.AnnouncedataconferenceheldinsouthChina'sGuangdongProvinee, theministry saidthecountry4.(build)orupgradednearly24,000restroomsfor5. (tourist)thisyear,6. (include)about15,000initsless-developedcentralandwesternareas.Between20157. 2017,Chinainvested1.64billion yuan（aboutUS$237.8million）toinstallorrenovateover70,000toiletsfortourists,itsaid.8. （advanee）tec