中考英语重点单词短语用法大总结

2016年中考英语：重点单词、短语用法大总结(88条)◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费花费时间做某事：Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime(in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.某人花钱买某物：sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.※spend和pay主语都是人，cost主语是物。※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.◆2.thanksfor为…而感谢⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.thanksto多亏/由于⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.◆3.感叹句：多么…what+名词how+形容词/副词⑴.______badweather!⑵.______hardheworks!⑶.______freshvegetables!⑷.______cuteamonkeyitis!◆4.因为、由于：because(连词)+从句：(表示原因)⑵Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.⑶Please______theblackboard.Everyone.⑷I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie◆15.stopdoingsth停止做某事→Pleasestoptalking.stoptodosth停下来去做别的事⑴Thegirlsoonstopped______(cry).⑵Hewastiredandstopped______(have)arest.◆16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：△forget/remembertodosth(忘记/记得去做某事)→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.(没有做关灯的动作)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.forget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作：△forget/rememberdoingsth(忘记/记得做过某事)→Heforgotturningoffthelight.(已做过关灯的动作)Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?◆17.到达…reach+地点getto+地点reach=gettoarrive+in+大地点arrive+at+小地点⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______(get)homeontime.※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：gethomegetthere省略to◆18.擅长，在…方面做得好：begoodat=dowellin.⑴Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She__________________chemistry.⑵Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.⑶LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily___________insingingthanLucy.◆19.win(赢得)接agame、war、amatch、aprizebeat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.◆20.借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用。⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?=Canyou______yourbike______me?⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.※类似用法的还有：buy—haveputon—wearbecome—beleave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beondie—bedeadreturn—beback①becomeHehas______adoctor.Hehas______adoctorfor10years.②beginThefilmhas______.Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.◆21.能，会。beabletocan※情态动词后面都接动词原形。⑴Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.⑵Ican______(play)theguitar.⑶He______abletoplaychess.◆22.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.◆23.have/hasbeento去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京)have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中)have/hasbeenin/at在某地⑴Ihaveever_____________Americatwice.⑵Hehas____________Beijingfortenyears.⑶–Whereisyourbrother?-He____________toHainan.⑷_____youever____________Disneyland?◆24.usedtodosth.过去常做某事→Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.be(get)usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某事→Pensareusedforwriting.⑴XiaoGang__________________afraidofthedark.⑵Thebroomis____________cleantheroom.=Thebroomis____________cleaningtheroom.⑶He__________________livingcountryside.Thereisfreshairandsweetwell.⑷Wood_______________makingpaper.◆25.belongto+名词/人称代词宾格(属于)be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词(是)⑴Itmust______Ning’s.=Itmust_________Ning.⑵Thepencilmustbe______(my).=Thepencilmustbelongto______(my).⑶Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.◆26.can’t不可能0表示推测、判断could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪must肯定、一定100﹪⑴TheCD_____belongtoTony.becausehelikeslisteningtomusic.⑵Thenotebook______bemine.Ithasmynameonit.⑶Thetoy______bemygrandpa.Afterall.Heisanoldman.◆27.bemadefrom(由…制成)看不出原材料bemadeof(由…制成)看得出原材料⑴Thetable__________________wood.⑵Paper__________________wood.◆28.prefertodosth宁愿做某事prefersth.tosth.喜欢…而不喜欢…preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢做…而不喜欢做…⑴Iprefer______(swim)to______(play)balls.⑵He_______fishtobeef.⑶Ipreferto______(walk)towork.◆29.一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词：—ed修饰人—ing修饰物⑴Iwanttogosomewhere______(relaxing/relaxed).⑵Sheis______inthis______historystory.(interesting/interested)※interesting(有趣的)—interested(感兴趣的)tiring(累人的)—tired(累的，疲倦的)boring(令人无聊的)—bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(激动的)surprising(令人惊讶的)—surprised(惊讶的)relaxing(令人放松的)—relaxed(放松的)embarrassing(令人尴尬的;令人为难的)—embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的)◆30.thenumberof+名词复数(…的数量)作主语，谓语用单数。anumberof+名词复数(许多、一些)=many⑴Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.⑵______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.◆31.for+一段时间since+时间点/过去时的句子⑴WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.⑵Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold..⑶Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.※for和since可以相互转换。如：Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.◆32.除…之外except(不包括在内)→EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.besides(包括在内)→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.⑴Weallpassedtheexam______LiYang.⑵Manyotherstudentslikebasketball______GuoXiaojun.◆33.already用于肯定句中(已经)yet用于疑问句末(已经)用于否定句末(还)⑴Haveyouseenthefilm______?⑵Ihaven’tlockedthedoor______.⑶Momhas_______wateredtheflowers.◆34.否定祈使句Don’t+v.No+v.ing/n.⑴Don’tsmokehere.=____________here.⑵Don’ttakephotos.=____________.◆35.也too放肯定句末和疑问句末→Doyouplaysoccereveryday,too?either放否定句末also放肯定句中※also放在实意动词前，be之后。⑴Sheisagirl.Iamagirl.______.⑵He______likescollectingthings.⑶Lilydoesn’tlikejunkfood.Hergoodfrienddoesn’tlikeit._______.⑷-Ilikesoapoperas.–Ido,_____.⑸-Ican’twatchTVonschoolnights.–Ican’t,_____.◆36.bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格MissZhang_______________herworkandshe_______________herstudents.◆37.需要做某事needtodosth主语是人needdoingsth主语是物⑴Theclassroom_____cleaning.It’stoodirty.⑵Children_____tosleepalot.⑶It’sveryhotanddry.Youneed______(wear)coolclothesandtheflowersneed______(water).◆38.through→介词:从内部穿过(park)across→介词：从表面穿过cross→动词(road.street.bridge)⑴Becarefulwhenyou______thestreet.⑵Themanwent______theforest.⑶Thetraingoes______thetunnel(隧道).⑷Heswam_____theriver.⑸Wedrove_____thedesert(沙漠).⑹Takeawalk_____theparkonCenterAvenue.◆39.Whydon’tyoudosth=Whynotdosth.提建议的方式How/whataboutdoingsth.Let’sdosth.⑴Whydon’tyouhaveacupoftea?=__________haveacupoftea?⑵Let’s_____(go)outforawalk.⑶Howabout_____(practice)conversations?◆40.So+助/系/情态+主语表示肯定意义(…也是如此)Neither+助/系/情态+主语表示否定意义(…也不)※它们都属于倒装句。⑴Mymotherdidn’tgotoschool.____________myfather.⑵JamescomesfromtheUSA.____________Tom.⑶MypenpalcanspeakJapanese.____________I.=Me______.⑷Mysisterisn’toutgoing.____________I.=Me______.◆41.both两者都all三者或三者以上都⑴Thetwins_____aregoodstudents.⑵Therearelotsofcolorfulflowerson_____sidesofthestreets.⑶Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.We______likeplayingsports.Myparents______loveus.Weareveryhappy.◆42.alone单独，独自一人→Heisaloneathome.lonely孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩→Helivesalonelylifeinthecountry.⑴Sometimeshefeelsquite_____becausehehasnofriends.⑵Shelives_____inthatlargehouse.◆43inthetree外来的→Isawacatinthetree.onthetree长在树上的→Therearemanyapplesonthetree.⑴Howmanymonkeyscanyousee_____thetree?⑵Therearealotofbananas_____thetree.◆44.inthewall指在墙体内onthewall指在墙体表面⑴Thereisamap_____thewall.⑵Thereisadoor_____thewall.◆45.onthebed指物品在床上→Mybagisonthebed.inbed指人躺在床上→Lilyisillinbed.⑴Thereisajacket___________.⑵Ihavetobe________byteno’clock.◆46.引导结果状语从句：so和such(如此…以至于…)so是副词，后接adj和adv.句型：△so+adj/adv+that从句→Heworkedsohardthathegotthefirstprize.△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句=such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→ThatwassointerestingastorythatIreadittwice.=ThatwassuchaninterestingstorythatIreadittwice.such是形容词，后接n.句型：△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→Heissuchahard-workingstudentthatalltheteacherslovehim.△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→Itissuchgoodweatherthatwecangoswimming.⑴Heruns____fast____wecan’catchhim.⑵Liliis____akindgirl____weallloveher.⑵Tomis____acleverboythathecananswerthequestion.=Tomis____cleveraboythathecananswerthequestion.⑶Theboxis_____heavy_____Ican’tcarryit.※在名词前有many/much/few/little这些词修饰时，要用so…that。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enoughto代替。如：Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.◆47.引导时间状语从句：when+延续性/短暂性动词→WhenIwaswatchingTV,hecamein.=Whenhecamein,IwaswatchingTV.while+延续性动词(多用进行时)→WhileIwasinShanghai,Ivisitedhim.⑴_____hewassleeping.Someoneknockedatthedoor.=Hewassleeping_____someoneknockedatthedoor.⑵_____theboyheardhismother’svoice,hestoppedcrying.⑶Mymotherwascooking_____Iwasdoingmyhomework..◆48.attheageof和when引导的时间状语可以互换。IbegantoplayfootballwhenIwasfiveyearsold.=Ibegantoplayfootball________________five.◆49.instead放句首、句末insteadof+n/pron/ving=ratherthan.⑴Iwillgotoseeher______you.⑵Hedoesn’tlikebeer.givehimcoke______.⑶WeoftensingEnglishsong______readingaloud.◆50.befamousas(作为…而知名)as+职业/身份/地位→YiYuchunisfamousasasupergirl.befamousfor(以…而著名)for+出名的原因→HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.⑴LiBaiisfamous______apoet.⑵JackieChaniafamous______hisactionmovies.⑶Franceiafamous_____itsfinefoodandwine.◆51.看起来像是…似乎/好像…(sb/sth)seemstodosthItseemsthat+从句⑴It__________hefeelsverysad.=He_______________verysad.⑵Sheseemstowanttohaveadrink.=__________thatshe_____tohaveadrink.◆52.“疑问词+动词不定式”与“宾语从句”的互换。⑴Iwillshowyouwhereyoushouldgo.=Iwillshowyou_______________.⑵Idon’tknowwhattodo.=Idon’tknowwhat_____.AshouldIdoBIshoulddo⑶CouldyoutellmehowIcangettoSummerPalace?=Couldyoutellmehow_______________Summer※宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Couldyoupleasetellme________________(天气如何)inChongqi?◆53.问题/难题question由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask/answer搭配使用。problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve/workout搭配。⑴Pleaseanswermy________inEnglish.⑵Ican’tworkoutthismaths_______.⑶Thisisadifficult_______toanswer.◆54.family家/家庭(强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关)→Myfamilyarekindpeople.home家(指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩)→Welcometomyhome.house房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)→Theymovedtotheirnewhouselastyear.⑴Howmanypeoplearethereinyour_____?⑵Iwanttosavemoneyandbuyabig____.⑶IloveChengdu,IlookedChengduasmy______.◆55.infrontof(在…前面)在某一范围以外的前面→Thereisatalltreeinfrontofourclassroom.inthefrontof(在…前部)在某一范围内的前面→Twopersonsaresittinginthefrontofthecar.⑴Thepolicemanstands____________thecar.⑵Thedriversits____________thecar.◆56.在晚上，在夜里atnighton+a+adj+night⑴Youshouldn’tgoout_____night.⑵Hemetathief_____acoldnight.◆57.在…之间between(两者之间)多与and连用。among(三者或三者以上的人或物之间)⑴Sheissitting______LucyandLily.⑵Hebuiltahouse______thetrees.◆58.sometimes不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)→SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.sometimes几次(此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”)→HehasbeentoShanghaisometimes.sometime某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候)→Isawhimsometimelastyear.sometime一段时间(此时time是不可数名词)→Hewillstayhereforsometime.⑴Wearegoingtohaveaparty________nextweek.⑵_______theboyislateforschool.⑶Hespent_________incuttinghair.Sohemissedtheearlybus.⑷LiJunhasbeentoBird’sNest_________.◆59.wear+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)→Ourteacheroftenwearsapairofglasses.puton+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)→Kateputsonherhatandgoesout.bein+颜色/服饰(强调状态)→Thegirlinredismysister.dress+人/反身代词(给某人穿)→Shedressesherdaughtereverymorning.⑴You’dbetter______yourcoat.⑵Shewas_______aflowerinherhair.⑶Theboy______whiteismyfriend.⑷Heistooyoungto______himself.⑸MissLioften_____thewhitesportsshoes.※dress当表示状态时常用bedressedin+衣物(穿着…颜色的衣服)→Heisdressedinablackcoat.他常穿着黑色的外套。◆60.play+球类、棋类名词(不加the)playbadminton/playchess/playcomputergamesplaythe+乐器名词。(必须加the)playtheviolin⑴-Doyouliketoplay______footballafterclass,LiLei?-Yes,Ido.A.aB.theC./⑵Samcan’tplay________(piano),buthecanplay________(chess).◆61.Therebe强调“某处有…”have强调“某人有…”⑴________twocomputersintheroom.⑵Myuncle_______acar.※当表示整体与局部的关系时，therebe与have可互换使用。如：Therearetwelvemonthsinayear.=Ayearhastwelvemonths.一年有十二个月。◆62.speak指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。say强调说的内容。saysth.tosb.→Pleasesayhellotohim.talk指相互之间的谈话。talkto/withsb表示与某人交谈，talkaboutsb/sth表示“谈论某人/某事”。→Sheistalkingwithherboss.tell侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tellsb.sth.→Pleasetellmethetime.tellsb(not).todosth.→Shetoldmetowaitforher.※tell可以和lie,story搭配。如:tellalie/tellastory/tellajoke/tellatruth.⑴Fromhisfacewecouldseethathewas_____alie.⑵Sheis______atthemeeting.⑶Fangfang_____sheisathome.⑷Theyare______abouttheweather.⑸Hecan’t_____itinFrench,buthecan_____English.◆63.if引导条件状语从句真实条件状语从句—主句是将来时，从句用现在时代替将来。虚拟条件状语从句—虚拟语气⑴IfI_____(be)abird,Iwould______(fly)inthesky.⑵Ifit_______(not)rain,Wewillclimbthehill.⑶IfI_____(win)amilliondollars,Iwould______(travel)aroundtheworld.⑷Ifhe_____(study)hard,hewillgetgoodgrades.◆64.强调动作强调结果找lookfor寻找find找到看look(at)看see看见听listen(to)听hear听见lookfor/find⑴Iam_______mywatch,butIcan’t_______itanywhere.lookat/see⑴Please_______yourbooks,boysandgirls.⑵______!Whataplayfulmonkeyitis!listento/hear⑴Don’tshout!Ican_______you.⑵Annlikes_______musicwithherfriendsonweekends.◆65.ago副词，“以前”,一段时间后接ago.before“以前”，可以用在现在完成时的句子中，还可以是连词，“在…以前”。⑴Ihaveneverbeenthere_______.⑵Pleasecallme______yougo.⑶Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyears______.⑷Longlong______,Therewassevendwarfs(小矮人)intheforest.◆66.别的，其他的other修饰名词，用于名词前。→Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?else修饰不定代词/疑问代词/疑问副词，放它们的后面。→Whatelsedoyouhavetodo?⑴You’dbetterasksome______people.⑵Thereisnothing_____onthedesk.◆67.everyday每天，作状语。everyday日常的，作定语。⑴Wegotoschoolat7:00________.⑵What’syour______activity?◆68.happen主要指偶然发生的事takeplace表示预先决定的事※happen和takeplace都不用于被动语态⑴Atrafficaccident_______yesterday.⑵TheMayFourthMovement(五四运动)_________in1919.◆69.one…theother一个…另一个some…others一些…另一些(另一些并不包括全部)some…theothers一些…其他的(其他的包括剩下的全部)⑴Ihavetwobrothers,_____isateacher,_______isadoctor.⑵_____studentsareintheclassroom,________areout.⑶Attheparty,______aredancing,______aresinging◆70.bealive作后置定语living+n.作前置定语Theoldmanisagreatand______scientist.Heisstill______.◆71.onone’s+序数词+birthday(在某人几岁生日时)inone’s+整十的基数词的复数(在某人几十多岁时)⑴Edisoninventedmanythingsinhis_______(twenty).⑵Onmy______(twenty)birthday.Igotanewmobilephone.◆72.till=until(直到)“延续性动词(肯定式)+until”译为“直到…为止”“瞬间性动词/延续性动词的否定式not+until”译为“直到…才”⑴Hewaiteduntilteno’clock.翻译：____________________⑵Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.翻译：____________________◆73.疑问句+ever=nomatter+疑问句→引导让步状语从句：whatever=nomatterwhat(无论什么)whenever=nomatterwhen(无论何时)whoever=nomatterwho(无论谁)wherever=nomatterwhere(无论在哪里)however=nomatterhow(无论如何)◆74.数词-名词-(形容词)复合形容词作定语数词+名词复数⑴Heisatwo-year-oldboy.=Theboyistwo_____old.⑵Look!Thisisa______buildings.A70-floorsB70-floorC70floors⑶Wehave______(两天)holiday.⑷Twelve-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.※Twelve-year-olds表示一类人。(12岁的人)◆75.agreewithsb.同意某人的意见→Idon’tagreewithyou.agreetosth.同意某人的建议/办法/计划等→Heagreedtomyplan.◆76.believe表示相信某人的话→Ibelieveyou.=Ibelievethatyousay.believein表示信任，相信···的存在→Ibelieveibthatman./BelieveinGod.相信上帝的存在。◆77.runout不及物动词短语，指物用完，用光→Mymoneyhasrunout.runoutof及物动词短语，指人用完，用光了物→Ihaverunoutofmymoney.◆78.maybe=perhaps或许/可能.副词，在句中作状语→Maybehewillcomeheretomorrow.maybe或许/可能,may是情态动词，在句中作谓语→HemaybefromtheUSA,too.※maybe和maybe可以互换：Maybeyouare