2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit5Poems教师用书

UNIT5POEMS一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．sitonthelawn 坐在草坪上2．teaseothers 取笑别人3．acoreteam 一支核心队伍4．anupdatedversion 最新版本5．thenewera 新时代6．seasonalvariations 季节性变化7．apieceofstring 一段细绳8．anamateurplayer 一名业余运动员9．inagoodmood 好心情10．takeabookfromtheshelf 从架上拿了一本书二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．Wecouldputsomeofthepicturesoveronthatblankwalloverthere.(adj.空白的)2．Richindustrializedcountrieshavesowntheseedsofglobalwarming.(vt.播种)3．Wewerenotabletomeetthedeadlinebecauseofmanufacturingdelays.(n.最后期限)4．Let'shaveajumpingcontest.(n.比赛)5．Eachmorningheshavedandpolishedhisshoes.(v.抛光)6．Somepeopleenjoythemselveswherevertheyare.(conj.在任何地方)7．Thesituationinthisareaisverycomplicated.(adj.复杂的)(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．Wordscannotexpressmysorrow.(n.悲伤)拓展：sorrowfuladj.悲伤的2．Shecanrecitethewholepoemfrommemory.(vt.背诵)拓展：recitationn．背诵3．Isthistestagoodmeasureofreadingcomprehension？(n.理解力)拓展：comprehendv．理解→comprehensiveadj.综合的；详尽的4．Weexpressedoursympathyforherloss.(n.同情)拓展：sympatheticadj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的5．ShestillcorrespondswithfriendsshemetinMajorcanineyearsago.(vi.通信)拓展：correspondencen．来往信件；通信联系→correspondingadj.相应的；相关的→correspondentn．通讯员；记者三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思1．Hewasstrugglingtoholdontoarockonthefaceofthecliff.抓住2．Let'skeeptothepoint,orwewillneverreachanyconclusions.切题3．BeatrixPotterisastorywriterwhosebooksaboutanimalshavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.翻译成4．Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.有意义5．Wemadealistoffivethingsyoushouldrememberathotelcheckout.列……清单6．Theresearchteamismadeupofteachersandpupils,whoseagesvaryfrom15to45.CA．弥补 B．填写C．由……组成 D．理解四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法1.教材原句Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.(why引导定语从句)人们写诗的原因多种多样。写作亮句(2021·浙江1月高考写作)ThereasonwhyweholdthiscolorfuleventisthatwecanexchangeideasabouttheculturaldifferencesbetweenNewZealandandChina.我们举办这次丰富多彩的活动的原因是我们能就关于新西兰和中国文化之间的差异交流意见。文化典句ThereasonwhyIlovewesternmusicisthatthepieceofmusicnamedFateSymphonybyBeethovenhasinspiredmetomoveonwhenIamindifficulty.我喜欢西方音乐的原因是贝多芬的《命运交响曲》在我遇到困难的时候激励我继续前进。2.教材原句Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.(“主语＋be＋adj.＋todo”结构)这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学和背诵。写作亮句(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Wefindthattheplotisdifficulttoadapt.我们发现这个情节很难改编。3.教材原句Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,youmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsofyourown.(with复合结构)有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗。写作亮句(2021·浙江6月高考写作)Withmanytraditionalworkstoenjoy,I'msurethestudentswillthinkhighlyofthisexhibition.有许多传统作品可以欣赏，我相信学生们一定会对这次展览给予高度评价。五、名著精美语段选摘——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美AnexcerptfromJaneEyreIcreptoutofthesitting-roomandintothesmallroomnextdoor,whereIchoseabookfullofpicturesfromthebookcase.Iclimbedontothewindow-seatanddrewthecurtains,sothatIwascompletelyhidden.Isatthereforawhile.SometimesIlookedoutofthewindowatthegreyNovemberafternoon,andsawtherainpouringdownontheleaflessgarden.ButmostofthetimeIstudiedthebookandstared,fascinated,atthepictures.Lostintheworldofimagination,Iforgotmysad,lonelyexistenceforawhile,andwashappy.Iwasonlyafraidthatmysecrethiding-placemightbediscovered.我悄悄退出起居室，走进隔壁的小房间，从书架上选了一本图画书。我爬上窗台，拉好窗帘，把自己整个藏了起来。我坐了一会儿，时而望望窗外。11月的午后天气阴沉，大雨倾泻在禿枝枯叶的花园里。不过大部分时候，我认真读着书，完全被书中的图画吸引住了。我沉浸在想象的世界中，暂时忘掉了伤心和孤单，只感到快活。我唯一担心的就是我的秘密藏身处可能会被发现。[点评]本段话中运用“creepoutof...”，“climbonto...”，“hidden”，“hiding-place”等表达Jane自幼孤苦无依；运用“greyNovemberafternoon”，“therainpouringdown”，“theleaflessgarden”等自然环境描写来烘托主题，映射Jane的可怜处境；运用“fascinated”，“Lostintheworldofimagination,forget...andwashappy.”等表明了Jane是一个独立有自我世界的女孩。1．sorrown．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事vi.感到悲伤[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Whenheheardthenews,hisfacelookedsuddenlysorrowful(sorrow)．②Lookingattheruinedhouse,theoldmanshookhisheadsorrowfully(sorrowful).③Youcanshare_your_happiness_and_sorrow_withyourfriend.你可以和朋友分享你的快乐和悲伤。④To_their_sorrow,_theylostanimportantchanceofachievingsuccess.让他们伤心的是，他们失去了一次获得成功的重要机会。⑤Onlywhenwe_are_in_sorrowcanwerealizethetrueworthofhappiness.只有当我们处于悲伤之中时，我们才能意识到幸福的真正价值。⑥Thelossofsightandhearingthrew_him_into_great_sorrow.视觉和听觉的丧失使他陷入了巨大的悲伤之中。[系统归纳](1)insorrow 悲伤地，伤心地toone'ssorrow 让某人伤心的是throwsb.intosorrow 使某人陷入悲伤之中sharehappinessandsorrow 同甘共苦(2)sorrowfuladj. 悲伤的；伤心的sorrowfullyadv. 悲伤地2．recitevt.背诵；吟诵；列举[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Eachchildhadtoreciteapoemtotheclass.②WhenIcamebackhome,mylittlesonwouldreciteallhedidinkindergartentome.③Afterreadingthepoemseveraltimesallthestudentscanrecite_it_fluently.把这首诗读了几遍后，所有的学生都能流利地背诵了。[系统归纳](1)reciteapoem 背诵诗歌recitesth.tosb. 给某人背诵……；告诉某人……(2)recitationn. 背诵3．sympathyn．同情；赞同[题点全练](单句语法填空/句型转换)①Afterhearingthestory,hefeltsympathyforherpresentsituation.②Whathehaddonewonthesympathyofjudges.③I'minsympathywithyoutosomeextent.④Outofsympathy(sympathetic)forthehomelesschildren,hegavethemshelterforthenight.⑤Weallfeltsympatheticwiththevictimsoftheearthquake.→Weallhad_sympathy_forthevictimsoftheearthquake.(sympathy)[系统归纳](1)feel/have/expresssympathyfor... 同情……winthesympathyof... 得到……的同情insympathywith... 同情……；赞成……； 和……一致outofsympathy 出于同情(2)表示“同情”之意的还有：pity(怜悯；同情),mercy(仁慈；怜悯),compassion(同情)。1．correspondvi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信[题点全练]单句语法填空①Iassureyoumyactionswillcorrespondwith/tomywords.②Youraccountoftheaccidenthadlittlecorrespondence(correspond)withthestorytheotherdrivertold.一句多译请与我保持通信联系，并告知我你的暑假计划。③Pleasekeep_up_correspondence_with_meandtellmeyourplanforthesummervacation.(correspondence)④Pleasekeep_in_touch_with_meandtellmeyourplanforthesummervacation.(touch)[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)correspondto相当；相等；和……一致correspondwith与……通信；和……相一致/相符合(2)correspondencen．来往信件；通信联系；相似keepupcorrespondencewithsb.与某人保持通信联系incorrespondencewith和……一致；与……有通信联系联想拓展keepupcorrespondencewithsb.与keepintouchwithsb.同义，都表示“与某人保持联系”。[练重难点](单句语法填空)⑤Theyarealwaysonmymind,however,andIthinkIwillcertainlymakeanefforttokeepupcorrespondencewiththeminfuture.⑥Someofmyclassmatesareinfavouroftakingphonestoschoolbecausetheycankeepintouchwiththeirparents.2．bemadeupof由……组成(构成)[题点全练](完成句子)①Animals'bodiesare_made_up_ofcells.动物的身体是由细胞组成的。②We'reworkinghardtotrytomake_up_forthelosttime.我们正努力工作，试图弥补失去的时间。③Thispassagejustdidn'tmake_sensetome,nomatterhowIreadit.不管我怎么读，这篇文章对我来说就是讲不通。[进阶学习]系统归纳makeupfor弥补makeout填写；辨认出；理解makesense讲得通；有意义辨析比较bemadeof由……制成(能看出原材料)bemadefrom由……制成(看不出原材料)[练重难点](用of/from填空)④Thedoorsofthepalaceweremadeofbeatengold.⑤Thesurfacesaremadefromamaterialthatdoesn'tmark.why引导定语从句[用法规则](1)thereason(s)why...意为“……的原因”，why相当于forwhich，引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason。(2)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...意为“……的原因是……”，用that引导表语从句，而不用because。(3)当reason在句中作定语从句的宾语时，关系代词用that或which，或者省略关系代词。如：Thereason(that/which)heexplainedtouswasthathehadn'treadthebookbefore.[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)①(2019·江苏高考书面表达)There_are_several_reasons_whywearingschooluniformsisagoodidea.为什么穿校服是个好主意有几个原因。②Oneday,mentallyexhausted,I_wrote_down_all_the_reasons_whythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.一天，我心力交瘁，写下了这个问题为什么无法解决的所有原因。③The_reason_why_Tom_looks_angryisthathehasquarrelledwithhisbrother.汤姆看起来生气的原因是他和他的兄弟吵架了。④Thereasonwhyhediedyoungwashispoorhealth.→Thereasonfor_whichhediedyoungwashispoorhealth.eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(写作主题——文学作品之诗歌)))文学是语言文字的艺术，是社会文化的一种重要表现形式。文学代表一个民族的艺术和智慧。阅读文学作品可以积累丰富的文化知识、提高文学素养、树立正确的价值观。“诗歌”是文学作品的主要形式之一。中国诗歌是中华文明的重要组成部分，是中国传统文化的符号。2020年江苏高考书面表达要求分析中国题材纪录片《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》受到外国朋友欢迎的原因，该写作属于本主题的延伸。LiBaiandhisromanticpoetry(节选自译林版教材选择性必修第一册UNIT4)Withstrikingimaginationinexpressionslike“scaringdwellersonhigh”，thisearlypoemalreadydisplayedsignsofaromanticstyle,whichwaslatertocharacterizeLiBai'spoetry.(总述了浪漫主义风格是李白诗歌的特色)LiBai'sloveofreadingandtravellingfromanearlyagecontributedtohisromanticstyle.(该句是段落主旨句)Hestartedstudyingtheclassicswhenhewasonlyfiveyearsold,andwasreadingancientphilosophersofdifferentschoolsattheageoften,includingConfucianismandTaoism.Byreadingbooksofallkinds,fromlegendstohistoricalstories,hefamiliarizedhimselfwithclassicalChineseculture,andmoreimportantly,heacquiredthewisdomofpreviousgenerations.(从个人经历方面探讨了李白诗歌的浪漫主义风格的形成原因)❶LiBai'sromanticstylewasalsodeeplyrootedinthesocialandhistoricalcontextinwhichhelived.(该句是段落主旨句)LiBaigrewupinthemostgloriousperiodoftheTangDynasty,atimeofeconomicboomandsocialstability.ThisopenandtolerantatmosphereallowedLiBaithelibertytodevelopafreeandunconstrainedpersonality,which,inturn,hadahugeimpactonhispoeticproduction.(从他所处的社会历史环境方面探讨了李白诗歌的浪漫主义风格的形成原因)❷EquallyimpressiveisLiBai'sfreeexpressionofstrongfeelings,whichbreathesvitalityintothelifelessobjectshedescribes,andwhichdistinguisheshimfromotherlandscapepoets.ThesefeaturesareinseparablefromLiBai'swideuseofexaggeration,metaphorandotherartistictechniques.(从情感的抒发和艺术手法的运用方面探讨了李白诗歌的浪漫主义风格的形成原因)Withhisextraordinaryimagination,freeexpressionofstrongfeelingsandmasteryoflanguage,LiBaiiswidelyrecognizedasthegreatestromanticpoetafterQuYuan.Generationsofpoets，bothinChinaandabroad,oweadebttohisinspirationalpoems.OnesuchpoetisEzraPound,a20th-centuryAmericanpoet.HewasfascinatedbyLiBai'spoemsandtranslatedsomeoftheminhis1915poetrycollectionentitledCathay.TodayLiBai'spoetrycontinuestobeenjoyedbycountlessreadersaroundtheworld.(综述了李白的诗歌成就及其影响)由教材学写法1．学亮点词汇第一段的displayed在此有“呈现，显露”之意，能更好地表达出本句语意“显现出浪漫主义风格的迹象”，同时该句中的另一动词characterize在表达“成为李白诗歌的特色”这一语意时，更精确、地道。此外，第二段中的contributed,familiarized等动词的使用也是各有妙处。第三段中的root是名词作动词使用，令表达效果更生动、形象。2．学高级句式句❶中inwhich引导定语从句，修饰先行词context，具体指出了李白的浪漫主义风格深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。句❷中，主句的表语Equallyimpressive前置，引起倒装，使下文and连接的which引导的两个并列定语从句与先行词expression的联系更紧密，更易于读者理解句意。3．学行文逻辑本文写作结构为“总—分—总”。文章介绍了李白诗歌中浪漫主义风格的渊源。文章先是总述了李白诗歌的浪漫主义风格，然后采用分叙法从李白诗歌的浪漫主义风格形成的个人因素、社会因素及其个人写作手法等三个方面把头绪纷繁、错综复杂的事情，写得条理清晰，有条不紊。文章最后对李白进行高度评价并介绍了其诗歌的广泛影响。Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式1．appealtosb. 对某人有吸引力2．adapt...from... 根据……改编3．bringsb.happiness 给某人带来愉悦4．besetin 以……为背景5．haveaneffecton 对……有影响6．enrichone'slife 丰富某人的生活7．thekeytosuccess 成功的关键8．comeout 出版9．gothroughmanydifficulties 经历许多困难10．haveastronginterestin 对……有着浓厚的兴趣11．atthetopofthebest-sellerlist 位居畅销书榜首12．intermsof 从……角度看；关于；至于13．leavesb.adeepimpression 给某人留下深刻印象14．wintheNobelPrizeinLiterature 获得诺贝尔文学奖Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底1．Poetryshowsusastrongpowerandmakesusfeelsubtleemotion.诗歌给我们展示了一种强大的力量，使我们感受到微妙的情感。2．Someclassicworksnotonlyofferusjoyandexcitement,butalsoencourageustothinkcritically.一些经典作品不仅给我们带来欢乐和兴奋，而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。3．Nowadays,manyfamouspoetsinancientChinaandtheirgreatworksarestillinfluencingus，amongwhomLiBai,DuFuandBaiJuyiaremyfavouriteones.如今，中国古代许多著名诗人及其伟大作品仍在影响着我们，其中李白、杜甫、白居易是我最喜爱的诗人。4．SheisveryfondofChineseclassicalliteratureandhasspentsometimereadingTangandSongpoetry,etc.她很喜欢中国古典文学，并花了一些时间读唐诗、宋词等。5．TheLiteratureSocietyrecommendedavarietyofgoodbooks,encouragingustogetpleasureoutofreading.文学社推荐了各种各样的好书，鼓励我们从读书中获得乐趣。一、作文补写表达亮下面是一封向外国朋友Tom介绍诗人李白的书信。请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。DearTom，Gladtohearfromyou.Ifeelproud❶knowing_you_are_interested_in_Tang_poems(得知你对唐诗感兴趣；分词短语作状语)．❷As_for_my_favourite_poet(至于我最喜欢的诗人),itmustbeLiBai.LivinginagoldenageofChinesepoetry,LiBaiisbestknownfor❸his_extraordinary_imagination_and_striking_exaggeration(他非凡的想象力和惊人的夸张)inhispoetry,aswellasforhisgreatloveforwine.LiBaiisregardedas❹the_greatest_romantic_poet(最伟大的浪漫诗人)oftheTangDynasty.❺What_I_appreciate_most(我最欣赏的；主语从句)arehislandscapepoems,❻which_are_clear_and_natural(这些诗清晰、自然；非限制性定语从句)inwordswithprofoundmessages.Theyconveyhisstronglovefornature,friendsandthepeople.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely，LiHua二、续写语段思维活结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段，注意点出“在赞美和质疑之间，我们应找到自己正确的方向”。情节脉络：八、九岁的时候，“我”写了第一首诗→母亲对它大加赞赏，得到鼓励的“我”自信地期待着父亲的认可→晚上，父亲下班回家看到“我”写的诗→与母亲截然相反，他认为这首诗写的糟糕透顶→意外的打击令“我”伤心不已……AfewyearslaterItookasecondlookatthefirstpoem,andIhadtoagreewithmyfather'sjudgment.参考范文：AfewyearslaterItookasecondlookatthefirstpoem,andIhadtoagreewithmyfather'sjudgment.Itwasaprettyterriblepoem.AsIworkedmywayintootherbooksandplaysandfilms,itbecameclearerandclearertomehowfortunateIhadbeen.Ihadamotherwhosaid,“Buddy,didyoureallywritethis?Ithinkit'swonderful！”andafatherwhoshookhisheadanddrovemetotearswith,“Ithinkit'slousy.”Infact,everyoneofusinlifeneedsthatmotherforceandfatherforce.Itisbetweenthetwopolesofpraiseanddoubt,bothinthenameoflove,thatwetrytofollowourtruecourse.课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解ANopoemshouldeverbediscussedor“analyzed”untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,ateacherorastudent.Betterstill,perhaps,isthepracticeofreadingittwice,onceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheend,sothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit.Alldiscussionsofpoetryare,infact,preparationsforreadingitaloud,andthereadingofthepoemis,eventually,themostconcrete“interpretation(解释)”ofit,suggestingtone,rhymes,andmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoice,onrecordsoronfilms,isobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandtheteacherreadingitor,bestofall,recitingit.Ihavecometothink,infact,thattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan“analyzing”itand“exchangingofviews”，ifthereisn'ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetryandtakeiteasywhenwearereadingapoem.Poetryis“acriticismoflife”，and“aheightening(提升)oflife”.Itis“amostappropriateapproachtothetruthoffeeling”，andit“cantransformyourlife”.Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies.IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermusttryoutpoetry­teaching.Thosewhodon'tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoconveythatnegativefeelingtoanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnature,aboutitssoundaswellasitssense,andtheymustmake_roomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit.eq\x(语篇解读：本文介绍了鉴赏和学习诗歌的方法。)1．Tohaveabetterunderstandingofapoem,oneshould________.A．discussitwithothersB．analyzeitbyoneselfC．copyitdowninanotebookD．practisereadingitaloud解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的内容特别是第一句“Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor‘analyzed’untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeone,ateacherorastudent.”可知答案选D。2．Accordingtothewriter,oneofthepurposesofteachingEnglishistogetstudents________.A．tounderstandlife B．toenjoypoetryC．tobecometeachers D．tobecomepoets解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Ithinkoneofour...studentslovepoetryandtakeiteasywhenwearereadingapoem.”可知选B。3．Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?A．Morestressshouldbelaidontheteachingofpoetry.B．Poetryismoreimportantthananyotherliteraturegenre.C．Onecannotenjoylifefullywithoutagoodunderstandingofpoetry.D．Poetryisthefoundationofalllanguageandliteraturecourses.解析：选A推理判断题。第三段主要讲述了要欣赏诗歌以及诗歌对生活的重大影响，因此在教学中应当重视诗歌教学。4．Theunderlinedphrase“makeroom”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby“________”．A．buildaboothB．provideequipmentC．leaveacertainamountoftimeD．setasideenoughspace解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Ihavecometothink...‘exchangingofviews’，ifthereisn'ttimeforboth.”及最后一段中的“intheclassroomforhearingpoetry”可知选C。BAmasterofwords,aliterarygeniusandaphilosopher,RussianauthorLeoTolstoy(1828－1910)isknownbymanyasthegreatestwriterofalltime.Evenatpresent,manyyearsafterhisdeath,histwogreatestmasterpieces,WarandPeaceandAnnaKarenina,continuetobewidelyread,appreciatedandhighlyinfluential.“Iftheworldcouldwritebyitself,itwouldwritelikeTolstoy，”theRussianauthorIsaakBabeloncesaid.Tolstoy'srealisticfictionisfamousforitspowersofobservationandabilitytominethedepthsofhumanconsciousness,suchasthepsychologicalexplorationofamarriedwomaninAnnaKarenina.InWarandPeace,TolstoyalsodescribesRussia'snationalsoulandexpressespublicunitythroughhismanycharacters.Hischaractersfeelalive;theygrow,theychangeandtheystickinthemindsofreaderslongafterthefinalpageisturned.Tolstoy'sinfluenceonliteratureiswithoutcomparison.Authorsregularlymentionhisnovelsastheirhighestambition,worksthattheycouldonlydreamofwritingthemselves.AmericanwriterFrancisScottcalledTolstoythe“greatestofallnovelists”inhisessay.Hewrote,“fromhisfirstwords,wecanbesureofonethingatanyrate—hereisamanwhoseeswhatwesee,whoproceeds,too,asweareaccustomedtoproceeding,notfromtheoutsideinwardsbutfromtheinsideoutwards.”“Hedefendsfundamentalvaluessuchaslove,friendshipandfamilyrelations.Hegivespositiveanswerstothequestionsmankindisasking.Inthissensehegivesmorehope，”Tolstoy'sgreat­greatgrandson,VladimirIlyichTolstoy,said.Tolstoy'smessageofpeacehasevenhadaneffectontherealworld.HeinspiredtheleaderofIndia'sindependencemovement,MahatmaGhandi,andhisphilosophyofnon­violenceoverthecourseofayearinwhichtheywroteletterstoeachother.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论，说明了托尔斯泰的成就和巨大影响力。5．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphintendtotellus?A．ThewritingstyleofTolstoy.B．Tolstoy'sinfluenceonotherauthors.C．ThecharactersinTolstoy'sworks.D．TheintroductiontothegreatestworksofTolstoy.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，两处均提到了托尔斯泰作品的写作风格：现实主义和民族精神。所以本段主要表达的是托尔斯泰作品的写作风格。6．WhichwordscanbestdescribeTolstoyaccordingtothepassage?A．Humorousandcaring.B．Determinedandoptimistic.C．Productiveandhard­working.D．Insightfulandpeace­loving.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可以看出，托尔斯泰是极具洞察力的一个人；根据最后一段第一句可知，托尔斯泰是一个具有和平信念的人。7．HowdoestheauthorintroduceTolstoyinthispassage?A．Bycontrastingwithotherauthors.B．Byanalyzingcharacteristicsofhisworks.C．Byquotingcommentsandopinions.D．Bydescribinghisdeedsinlife.解析：选C推理判断题。本文主要通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论和观点来说明他的影响力。8．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TolstoyandHisWorksB．Tolstoy'sLifeandAchievementsC．WarandPeace:aGreatMasterpieceD．Tolstoy:aWriterBeyondComparison解析：选D标题归纳题。文章主要说明了托尔斯泰的成就和巨大影响力。文学大师、文学天才、哲学家是对他的成就及影响力的肯定。选项D符合题意。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Howdoyouwriteastory?Howiswritingashortstorydifferentfromwritinganovel?Thesearedifficultquestionstoanswer.__9__Butifyouwanttowriteashortstory,hereareseveraltipstohelpyougetstarted.Realwritersread.AsStephenKingsaid,“Ifyoudon'thavetimetoread,youdon'thavetimetowrite.”__10__Evenifyou'vereadhundredsofstories,studyingoneortwocloselywillhelpimproveyourunderstandingoftheshortstoryform.Someguidessuggestfocusingonwritinganattractivefirstparagraphfirst.__11__Instead,justwrite.Don'tworryaboutwhatcomesout.It'snotimportant.Youjustneedtogetyourshortstorystarted.__12__Afteryouwriteyourfirstdraft,youneedtostartcutting,rewritingandeditingyourshortstory.Thisisthehardestpartofwritingashortstory.However,don'tgiveup.You'realmostthere.Beforeyousubmit(提交)yourshortstory,makesureyouhavereaditaloudseveraltimestofindanyerrors.Thenskimsomeliterary(文学的)magazinesandreadtheirguidelinestoknowifyourshortstorywillbeagoodfit.__13__Itwillbehardtoletgoofyourshortstory,butyoucannotgetitpublishedifyoudon'tsubmitit.A．Allgoodwritingisrewriting.B．Sendyourworkoutintotheworld.C．Getsomesuggestionsfromotherwriters.D．Therearesomanytypesofshortstoriesandnovels.E．Ifyouwanttobeawriter,youshouldconsiderwritingshortstories.F．Ifyou'veneverreadashortstory,you'regoingtohaveadifficulttimewritingone.G．Whileit'simportant,itputsalotofpressureonyouwhenyouwriteyourshortstory.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何写一篇短篇故事提出了建议。)9．选D本段第一、二句提问如何写故事，写短篇故事与写小说有何不同，第三句承接上两句，讲的是“这些是很难回答的问题”。D项“有那么多类型的短篇故事和小说”解释了这些问题为什么难回答，而且与第二句中出现的shortstory和novel相呼应，符合语境。10．选F本段第一句点明本段主题：阅读对于作家的重要性。设空前一句讲如果一个人没时间阅读，那也就没时间写作，F项“如果你从来没有读过短篇故事，你将很难写出一篇来”承接上文。11．选G设空前一句讲的是“一些指南建议先集中精力写一个吸引人的开头”，空后一句意思是“恰恰相反，去写就可以了”，Instead表示转折，设空处需要填一个承上启下的句子，G项“虽然它很重要，但是当你写短篇故事时，它会给你带来很大的压力”切题。12．选A设空后一句讲的是“写完了你的初稿之后，你需要开始删减、重写和编辑你的短篇故事”，句中rewriting是关键信息，A项“所有好的作品都是重写得来的”与之呼应。13．选B设空后一句提及了要投稿的问题，submit为关键词，B项“向外界寄出你的作品”切题。Ⅲ.完形填空Iwillneverforgetonesummerinmychildhood.Whilewalkingintheattic(阁楼),Isteppedonsomethingand__14__down,withmyhandlandingonafloorboard.WhenI__15__andlookedinsidetheopenspace:Therewasgoldinthere!I__16__ahandfulofshininggoldcubes,rantothebottomstairand__17__，“Mama,Ifoundgoldupthereunderthefloor！”WhenMamaopenedthedoorand__18__herheadin,she__19__said,“Honey,that'sinsulation(隔热材料)．Nowputitallback.”Ifeltreallydisappointed.IhadthoughtImadeareal__20__.WhenI__21__insidetoputthefakegoldback,myhandtouchedanoldbook:Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotations.Ispentquitemuchtimeonitandfound__22__inthesepages.AsIdidn'tknowhowtoexpressthingsclearly,Ioften__23__totalkaboutthem.Thisbookhelpedme__24__thatIdidn'tneedtofeelashamedor__25__.Overtheyears,I'vekeptmyoriginal__26__，whichtothisdayIoftenreferto.Althoughitwasa__27__tofindthebook,itliberatedmeinaway.Thebookdiscoveredunderthosefloorboardswas,__28__，gold.语篇解读：作者童年时期在阁楼意外发现了Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotations这本书，被其中的内容吸引，并且收获良多。14．A.slowed B．calmedC．looked D．fell解析：选D根据上文中的“Isteppedonsomething”及下文中的“withmyhandlandingonafloorboard”可推知，作者踩住了某个东西“摔倒”了。fall意为“摔倒，跌倒”，符合语境。15．A.bentover B．showedupC．laydown D．brokein解析：选A根据上文可知，作者“俯下身”去看，发现地板下面有金子。bendover意为“俯身”，符合语境。16．A.stole B．producedC．seized D．hid解析：选C根据下文中的“handful”以及“toputthefakegoldback”可推知，作者当时“抓”了一把金块，朝楼下跑去，seize“抓取”，符合语境。17．A.yelled B．sighedC．admitted D．complained解析：选A根据空后的“Mama,Ifoundgold”可知，作者当时非常兴奋，所以会“大喊”，yell意为“大喊”。18．A.nodded B．stuckC．lowered D．lifted解析：选B根据空后的“herheadin”可知，母亲把门打开，把头“伸”了进去，发现那只是隔热材料。stick意为“放置”，stickherheadin表示母亲将头伸进去。19．A.simply B．thoughtfullyC．honestly D．angrily解析：选A根据下文中的“Honey,that'sinsulation(隔热材料)．Nowputitallback.”可知，母亲仅仅说它是隔热材料，并让作者将“金子”放回去。20．A.difference B．choiceC．mistake D．discovery解析：选D根据上文中的“Ifoundgoldupthereunderthefloor”可知，作者当时真的以为自己有了一个大的“发现”，但当被告知不是金子的时候，作者自然很失望。21．A.sat B．slidC．reached D．walked解析：选C根据下文中的“myhandtouchedanoldbook”可知，作者将手伸进去，将“假金子”放了回去，故选reach“伸手”。22．A.sympathy B．comfortC．honour D．doubt解析：选B根据上文中的“Ispentquitemuchtimeonit”可知，当时因为有了这本书，作者乏味的生活有了一些“安慰”。23．A.tended B．offeredC．managed D．hesitated解析：选D根据上文中的“Ididn'tknowhowtoexpressthingsclearly”可知，因为作者不知道如何清楚地表达事情，所以在谈及它们的时候经常“迟疑”。24．A.expect B．rememberC．realise D．imagine解析：选C根据下文中的“Ididn'tneedtofeelashamedor________”以及语境可知，这本书让作者“意识到”，当自己表达不好的时候，不需要感到羞愧或尴尬(embarrassed)。25．A.embarrassed B．satisfiedC．astonished D．tired解析：选A参见上题解析。26．A.mind B．copyC．plan D．file解析：选B根据空前的“original”以及语境可推知，多年来，作者一直保存着自己当年发现的那本书，copy在文中意为“一本，一册”。originalcopy表示“原本，原件”。27．A.dilemma B．disasterC．pity D．coincidence解析：选D根据上文可知，作者当时发现这本书纯属“巧合”，但即便是巧合，这本书却在某种程度上解放了作者。28．A.still B．indeedC．normally D．hopefully解析：选B根据上文中的“itliberatedmeinaway”可知，这本书让作者在某种程度上得到解放，对作者而言“的确”是金子。Ⅳ.语法填空eq\a\vs4\al(2023·大连模拟)Whenwereadapoem,weoftenimaginewhatthepoets__1__(think)whentheywroteorwhattheyweredoingatthetime.Thesethoughtsletusconnectwiththewordsbetter,asifwe'dcreatedthepoem__2__(we)．Willapoemstillmeanasmuc