2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语（二）历年真题荟萃带答案难题附详解荟萃

2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语（二）历年真题荟萃带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共60题)1.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart,inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.It'smidday,andyourphone'sbatteryisdangerouslyclosetothe20percentmark.Ifyou'relikethemajorityofpeople,thatrediconwillleaveyoufeelingpanicked,annoyedandhuntingforasparecharger.LGhasdubbedthiscondition"LowBatteryAnxiety"andsaysthatnearly9outof10peoplesufferfromthefearoflosingpowerontheirphone.

Thecompanypolledarandomsampleofmorethan2,000adultsmartphoneusersintheUSearlierthisyear.Whenitcomestochoosingbetweenhittingthegymorchargingtheirsmartphone,itfoundoneinthreepeoplearelikelytoskipthegym.Butmillennialstendtohaveitworse—with42percentlikelytoskipthegymwhenchoosingbetweenworkingoutorchargingtheirphone.Smartphoneuserswilleven"dropeverything"andmakeaU-turntoheadbackhometochargetheirphone.3.Directions:Youareaskedtowritearecommendationletterofyourstudent,LiMing,forapositionofadministratorinacompany.Addressittothemanagerandexpressyourreason(s)clearly.

Writetheletterwithnolessthan100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheletter.Use"WangHua"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.4.Sixteendaysaftertheearthquake,40people,______intheirvillage,wererescued.A.trappedB.confinedC.enclosedD.captured5.Thegraphsbelowshowthechangeofinfantmortalityandlifeexpectancyinacountry.Writeanessayof200words.Youressaymustbebusedontheinstructionsasfollows:

1.Describethegraphs.

2.Givesomereasons.

3.Predictthefuture.

6.EachyearintheUnitedStatesmorepeoplearekilledorinjuredinaccidents—athome,atworkorschool,atplay,orwhiletraveling—thanwerekilledorinjuredintheVietnamWar.Intheearly1990s,abouthalfoftheseaccidentaldeathsweretheresultofmotor-vehicleaccidents.Othermajorcausesofaccidentaldeathswerefalls,fires,andpoisoning.

Onaworldwidebasis,accidentsinvolvingmotor-vehiclesaretheprimarycausesofaccidentaldeaths,followedbyaccidentsinindustryandinthehome.Effortstolessenortoeliminatethehazardousconditionsthatcauseaccidentsareknownassafetymeasures.Safetyisagrowingconcernaroundtheworld,andsafetyskillsarebeingtakenmoreseriouslytodaythaneverbefore.Peoplehavecometorealizethatsafetyskillscanbelearned,andmostsafetyexpertsagreethatitispossibletopredict,andtakestepstopreventthemajorityofaccidents.Fewaccidentssimply"happen".Mostarecausedbyignorance,carelessness,neglect,orlackofskill.7.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartinyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Outline:1.Statechangesinpeople'sdailyexpensesinthepastseveralyears.

2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.

3.Drawyourownconclusion.

Note:Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.

8.Directions:

Inthispart,youareallowedtowritealettertoexpressyourapologizeforthereasonwhyyoucan'tattendtheforeignlanguageclass.Youshouldwritealettertoyourteachertoshowthereasonandapologize.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.

Use"ZhangWei"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.9.Direction：Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart．Inyourwriting，youshould

(1)interpretthechart，and

(2)giveyourcomments．

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET

10.Winningisoftentheresultofpersistence,ofnotgivingupwhenyourgoalappearstobeinjeopardy."Whenyouadopttheattitudethatifyoudosomethingitwillmakeadifference,that'sconfidence,"RosabethMossKanter,authorofthebestsellingbookConfidencesays."Lookatyoursituationandthinkofyourselfasbeinginthemiddleofit.Thestoryisrarelyover,evenwhenthegreatmajoritythinkitis—somethingeverysportsfanknows."

KickerAdamVinatierihelpedtheNewEnglandPatriotsfootballteamdefeattheMiamiDolphins27—24onDecember29,2002,whenhekickeda42-yardfieldgoalinthefinalseconds,aftermanyspectatorshadalreadygotupfromtheirseatstomaketheirwayoutofthestadium.Thiseventgotfanssaying,"It'snotoveruntilVinatierikicks."Sureenough,inthe2004SuperBowl,Vinatierikickedthegame-winningpointsforthePatriotsinthefinalfewseconds.

Certainly,therewillstillbemomentsandsituationsthatjustaren'tgoingtogoyourway,andthisisthetimewhenconfidenceneedstobetemperedbyrealism.Ifyoubelieveinyourselfsostronglythatyouactrashly,confidencecanactuallymakeyou"stupid".

Sohandleitwithcare—anduseyourconfidencewisely.11.Achemicalplantshouldberesponsibleforthewaterpollutioninanearbyriver.WritealettertotheCityEnvironmentProtectionAgencyto

1.statethepresentsituation.

2.suggestwaystodealwiththeproblem.

3.expressyoursincerehope.

Youshouldwriteabout100words.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.12.Directions:

Writealetterofabout100wordstothecustomerservicecenterofanonlinestore,complainingaboutthequalityofthenewipadanddemandingapromptsolution.

Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.13.MyDream

Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.Twoyearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool,ItookasewinganddesigncoursethinkingthatIwouldmoveontoafashiondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealizedthatIwasnotgoodenoughinthisareatocompetewithothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecidedthatitwasnottherightpathforme.BeforeapplyingforuniversityItoldeveryonethatIwouldstudyjournalism,becausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmyfavoriteactivities.But,tobeabsolutelyhonest,Isaidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadream—Iknewthatnoone,apartfrommyself,couldimaginemeinthefashionindustryatall!14.Directions:Oneofyourbestfriendshascomedownwithaseriousdisease.Writeashortlettertoexpressyourcordialregards.

Don'tsignyourownname.Use"ZhangWei"Instead.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.15.1.youreducationalbackground.

2.yourworkingexperience.

3.whydoyouthinkthatyouarecapableforthework?16.Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphlets,newslettersandbroadsides.Notedoneobserver:"Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareverycommodiousforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierateallmannerofprintednews."Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,theNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.

Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,social,diverseandpartisan,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforemassmedia.17.Sincethe______ofhumanhistory,humanbeingshavebeenaskingquestionslike"Whatistheessenceoflife."A.duskB.dustC.twinkleD.dawn18.Ourhypothesisisthatimmigrants,whooftendonotspeakthelanguageanddonotmasterthecultureandnormsofthehostcountry,areconcentratedinmoremanual-routinetasks(especiallyamonglesseducatedgroups).Theinflowofimmigrantsthusincreasesthesupplyofmanualskillsrelativetothesupplyofabstractskillswithtwoeffects:

●Duetothecomplementaritybetweenthesetypesofskills,theincreaseinthesupplyofmanualtasksboostsrelativecompensationforcomplexskills,makingthembetterpaid.

●Exploitingtheircomparativeadvantage,nativesmovetooccupationsrequiringarelativelyhigherleveloftheseskills.

Thispositivereallocationandthecomplementarityoftaskscanexplainthelackofnegativeemploymenteffectsaswellasthepotentialpositivewageeffectsofimmigrationonnativeworkers.

Sohere'showitallshakesout.Low-skilledimmigrationreduceseconomicinequalitywhenwesetasidenationalistassumptionsandfocusonpeopleinsteadofpopulations.Evenifweclingtoanalyticalandmoralnationalism,low-skilledimmigrationdoesn'thappentoincreasemeasuredinequality.Onthecontrary,complementariesbetweentheskillsofmigrantandnativeworkerscanleavenativesbetteroffthantheywouldhavebeenwithlessimmigration.19.WiththepopularityoftheInternet,moreandmorepeopledoshoppingonline.Serialreturnerreferstosomeonewhoregularlyordersmorethantheyneedandsendssomeoftheitemsback.Threeintenshoppersdeliberatelyover-purchaseandsubsequentlyreturnunwanteditems,withoneinfiveadmittingtoorderingmultipleversionsofthesameitemtomakeuptheirmindathome-safeintheknowledgetheycanchoosefromtheever-growingnumberofwaystoquicklyandeasilysenditemsback.

Shoppershavealsocometoexpectgoodvalueregardlessofwhetherthey'remakingapurchaseorareturn.Sixintensayaretailer'sreturnspolicyimpactstheirdecisiontomakeapurchaseonline,andalmosthalfofthesewouldnotorderanitemiftheyhadtofundthecostofsendingitbackfromtheirownpocket.Serialreturnerssaidtheywouldsendbackfewerpurchasesifbusinessesweretostandardizeclothingandshoesizes.20.Afterworking36-hourshiftsasaresidentinorthopaedicsurgery,TarynRoseknewalotaboutsorefeet.Butunlikemostofhercolleagues,sheturnedherpainintoprofit.TodaysheisCEOofTarynRoseInternational,a$28millioncompanythatmakeschic,andcomfortable,shoes.

AVietnameserefugeewhomovedtotheUnitedStateswhenshewasjusteight,Roseassumedshe'dfollowinthefootstepsofherphysicianfather.Forawhile,shedid,gettinghermedicaldegreefromtheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandoptingforgruellingtraininginorthopaedicsurgery.

Butwhenthetimecametoapplyforpost-residentialfellowships,Rosefoundherheartwasnolongerinmedicine."Ifeltlikeapartofme,thepartthatlovestolearnnewthings,thatlikesadventure,wouldbedying."

Rosehadalwayslovedshoes,especiallyhighheels.Whenherfellowresidentsheadedhomeafterlonghoursontheirfeet,"IwouldmakemywaytoNeimanMarcusforsomeretailtherapy,"shesays.Whatif,shewondered,shegaveuphercareertolearnhowtomakestylishshoesthatcouldstanduptoaday'swork?21.Direction:

InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.

Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproductsandservices,aswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldpromptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.(1)Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitmoreappealingtoyoungervisitor.

Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.(2)Forinstances,capablecorporatemanagermightseealarmingriseinlocalhousingpricethatcouldaffectavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.Thepublic'schangingvaluesandpriorities,aswellasemergingtechnologies,demographicshifts,economicconstraints(oropportunities),andenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsoftheincreasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.

(3)Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemrunningsmoothly,toplaybudgetandpreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology.

Evenatthecommunitylevel,foresightiscritical:schoolofficials,forexample,needforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodate,numbersofteacherstohire,neweducationaltechnologiestodeploy,andnewskillsforstudents(andtheirteachers)todevelop.

(4)Manyofthebestknowntechniqueforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplanner,especiallyinthemilitary,thinkingabouttheunthinkable.PioneeringfuturistsattheRANDCorporation(atfirst"thinktank")beganseriouslyconsideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.Ssecurity.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRAND,alongwithotherselsewhere,refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.

(5)Thefuturistrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswithpresentworld,sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmanyhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappynow.22.Mostpeopleknowhowtocount,butthewaywemasterthisabilityremainssomethingofapuzzle.Numeralswereinventedonlyaroundfourtofivethousandyearsago,meaningitisunlikelythatenoughtimehaselapsedforspecializedpartsofthebrainforprocessingnumberstoevolve,whichsuggeststhatmathislargelyaculturalinvention.Itappearstobebasedonaninterfacebetweenvisionandreasoningthatwesharewithotheranimals,allowingusto"see"smallnumbers—uptoaroundfive—withoutcounting.Thisability—oftencalled'thenumbersense'—laysthefoundationsoflatermathematicalknowledge,butitsbasisispoorlyunderstood.Ithasbeenarguedthatthenumbersenseitselfmaybeinnate,butthisfailstoaccountforwhylearningtomastertheuseofsmallnumbersissuchadifficultanddrawn-outprocessinchildren.23.Directions:

Inthispart,youareallowedtowritealettertoexpressyourcongratulationonyouraunt'smarriage.Youshould

1)writealettertoshowyourcongratulation.

2)expressyourexhilarationandhopetocongratulatefacetoface.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"ZhangWei"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.24.JugglingajobwithlookingafterkidsmeanstheaverageBritishmumjustgets26minutestoherself,astudyreveals.Thereport—issuedtocoincidewithInternationalWomen'sDay—alsofoundnolet-upinlaterlifewhenkidshavelefthome,becauseoncetheybecomegranstheyenduplookingafterlittleonesalloveragain.

Thereportrevealsthepressuresmodern-daymumsfacecomparedtopreviousgenerationsdatingbacktothe1930s.Keyfindingsare:Threeoutof10reckontheyhavefarless"metime"thantheirownmothersdid—barelythreehoursaweekonaverage.

Dadsstillfailtoshouldertheirfairshareathome.Threein10ofthe1,000womenwhotookpartinthestudyconfessedtofeelingunderconstantpressuretobe"theperfectmother".

ResearcherKateFoxsaid:"Thereisincreasingpressureonmotherstoworka'doubleshift'—tobetheperfectmotheraswellasawage-earner."25.Direction:Writeashortessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould

(1)interpretthechartand

(2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.

26.Forachild,happinesshasamagicalquality.Iremembermakinghide-outsinnewlycuthay,playingcopsandrobbersinthewoods,gettingaspeakingpartintheschoolplay.Foradults,happinessiscomplicated.AsfarasIamconcerned,happinessis"thecapacityforenjoyment".Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It'seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeingloved,thecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,evengoodhealth.

Whilehappinessmaybemorecomplexforus,thesolutionisthesameasever.Happinessisn'taboutwhathappenstous;it'sabouthowweperceivewhathappenstous.It'stheknackoffindingapositiveforeverynegative,andviewingaset-backasachallenge.It'snotwishingforwhatwedon'thave,butenjoyingwhatwedopossess.27.Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto______farming.A.goinforB.gobackonC.goalongwithD.gothroughwith28.Directions.

Inthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicRapidDevelopmentofTourisminChina.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

29.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"Zhangwei"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.30.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

31.Collegedoesn'talwaysprepareyouforlifeaftergraduation.Youarethrustintotheworldandtaskedwiththechallengeoffiguringouthowtoliveonyourown.Yourearlytwentiesareatimetotakerisks,trynewthings,anddiscoveryourpassions.Don'tworrysomuchaboutnothavingaconcreteplan,andnowisthetimewhenyoucanexperimentandfindyourtrueskillsandinterests.Whilemakingmoneyimmediatelymightseemimportant,yourearlytwentiesareoneofthebesttimesforexploringdifferentcareerpathsandplanningoutaroadmapforyourfuture.Onceyougraduatecollege,youwillnolongerbesurroundedbyyourpeersatallhoursoftheday.Meetingnewpeopleismorechallengingandrequiresmoreeffortthanitdidduringcollege.Becauseofthis,it'softengoodtorememberthatbeingfriendlyisthebestwaytomeetnewpeople.Takeinterestinthelivesofyourcoworkersandpeoplearoundyou,andbewillingtomakenewconnections.32.TheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaysrisingfoodpricesinAsiaarehurtingthepoorbuthaveyettoreachacrisislevel.TheU.N.bodysaysifthepriceofoilcontinuestoincreasetheregion'sfoodpriceswillfollowsuit.

Konumasaystheregion'sriceproductionisexpectedtoincreasebymorethantwopercentthisyearwhilewheatproductionwilldeclineaboutfourpercent.

TheFAOsaysworldfoodpriceshitarecordhighinFebruaryasthecostofoilwasdrivenupbypoliticalinstabilityintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.

Despiteadequatesuppliesofrice,someAsiannationsappeartobeconcernedthatrisingoilcostscouldeventuallyaffectfoodsupplies.

ReportssayBurmainFebruaryhaltedallriceexports.

Burmaisnotamajorriceproducerbutthemoveindicatesconcernsthatricepricesmayriseastransportationcostsincrease.

KonumasaystheFAOiscarefullymonitoringoilpricesforanyaffectsonAsia.33.Therearemanymethodsyoucanusetohelpyourelievetheangercausedbyanygivensituationinwhichyoufeelthatyou'vebeenwronged,takenadvantageof,orotherwisetreatedunfairlyinsomeway.Bylesseningtheintensityofyourangeryouwillputyourselfinapositionfromwhichyoucanactinaconstructiveandassertivemanner,andcommunicateyourfeelingsandneedseffectively,insteadofexposingyourfeelingsonothersandactinginawaythatdoesnotserveyouwell.

Attheotherextreme,somepeoplecopewithangerbysuppressingit.Ifyouhavesuchtendency,youneedtofindwaystoreleasetheangerinsteadofburyingit.HaleDwoskin,oneofthefoundersoftheSedonaMethod—amethodwhichconsistsofaseriesofquestionsyouaskyourselfthatleadyourawarenesstofocusonwhatyou'refeelinginthemomentandgentlyguideyoutowardlettingitgo—hasthefollowingtosayaboutreleasingnegativeemotions:"Theinstantyoustopresistinganynegativeemotion...istheinstantitgivesupitsholdoveryou.So,welcomethefeelingandthenletitgo.Thisfreesupspaceforyoutobeginfeelinggood—feelingthepeacethatyoutrulyare."34.Directions:

SupposeyourfriendLucyaskedyouforsomeinformationaboutasuccessfulinterview.Writealetterto

1)givehersomeadvice,and

2)expressyourbestwishes.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.35.Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,

theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.

Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.36.1.interpretthechart.

2.giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.

37.Direction:YouhavejustcomebackfromNewYorkandfoundabookinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoMike,yourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto

1)makeanapology,and

2)suggestasolution.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.38.Firefightersareusingpowerfulhosestotrytospraythebuildings,afterthecountry'sself-defenseforcesabandonedamissiontodropwaterbyhelicopterbecauseoftheradiationriskposedtothepilots.

TheJapanesegovernmentFridayraisedtheseverityratingofitsnucleardisasterfrom4to5ona7-pointinternationalnucleareventscale.Level5signalsanaccidentwithwiderconsequences,includingsomereleaseofradioactivematerial,withahighprobabilityofsignificantpublicexposure.

Workersaretryingtoinstallnewpowerlinestothebuildingtorestorecoolingsystemswhichwereknockedoutduringlastweek'searthquakeandtsunamidisasters.ButofficialssayitmaytakeuntilSundayfortheelectricitytostartflowingtothedamagedreactors.39.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2017某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素40.Directions:

InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese,writeyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevalued,becausenewtechnologies,newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresult,ourlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage.

Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday,andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving-nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace—alwayshavecomefrom"betterrecipes,notjustmorecooking."Onemightarguethat'snotstrictlytrue.Onemightpointout,forinstance,thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomodemtimes,muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationof"cookinginquantity"businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofassets,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments.41.Direction:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould

(1)interpretthechart,and

(2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

42.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET2.

43.Directions

Supposeyouwonatranslationcontestandyourfriend,Jack,wroteanemailtocongratulateyouandaskforadviceontranslation.Writehimareplyto

1)thankhim,and

2)giveyouradvice.

YoushouldWriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.44.1.Describethepicture.

2.Showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow.

3.Giveyouropinionsoradvice.

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

45.Suddenly,asyoumayhavenoticed,millennialsareeverywhere.Notthatthisgroupofpeoplebornafter1980andbefore2000—agiantgroupnowestimatedtonumberatleast80millionAmericans,morethanthebabyboomgeneration—waseverinvisible.What'schangedistheirstatus.Spoiledandhelicoptered,cateredtoby24-hourTVcablenetworks,fussedoverbymarketersandcollegerecruiters,analyzedbypsychologists,demographersandtrend-spotters,themillennialgenerationhascomefullyintoitsown.Theword"millennial,"whetherasnounoradjective,hasmonopolizedthenonstopculturalconversation,invariablyfreightedwithtimespiritimport.TheNewYorkTimesisnoexception.ArecentsearchofTheNewYorkTimesdatabaseturnedupnofewerthan122mentionsof"millennial"sofarin2014,ontopicsrangingfromTVandpopmusictotravelandliterature.46.Expectationssurroundingeducationhavespunoutofcon