历年阅读B篇专项考前汇总分析（浙江2016.10-2020.1）讲义-高考英语一轮复习

历年阅读B篇专项考前汇总分析（浙江2016.10-2020.1）七次高考总结：文章体裁：

五次说明文，一次议论文，一次记叙文

文章话题：

三次环保类话题：皇冠假日酒店的低碳环保项目和塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋，两次生活类话题：美国青少年的睡眠习惯和一种新型的慈善，一次学习类话题：美国学生暑假的形成过程及人们对学生的假期的不同看法，一次社会类话题：具衣认知理论

主题意义：

关注环境保护问题，关注自身特别是学生本身的话题，有人文情怀如慈善，也有社会现象的讨论如具衣理论。语篇结构：

分总为多，但是总分和总分总也各一，结构多样化错误题型

细节理解题，作者态度，主旨类和词义猜测解题揭秘：

细节理解题要寻找题目在文章中的出处，对句子进行理解，也就是首先要定位文章的答案，再进行理解。

作者态度题就是根据作者对事物的描述来判断，特别是作者在文章中使用的形容词。

主旨类的题目就是要寻找到主题句，一般在段首或末段，也可以从文章中出现的高频词进行判断。

词义猜测需要关注划线部分所在句子的前后，从已知的句子的意思推断未知的词的意思，也可以根据一些词如however，but等来判断前后关系或根据所给的例子来推断词的意思。

题源出处

主要来自的网站：/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1816501,00.html

/entry/give-what-you-can-take-what-you-need-experiment_n_7610054

篇章字数

字数大约在：280左右

生词率（超纲词汇）几乎没有超纲单词，最多是2017、11的考试，为4个生词备考建议：

1要关注导向：要关注保护环境类话题、要关注社会热点现象，如有关社会现象的理论，要关注自身成长的话题如生活、学习等。

2要注重提升思维品质培养，提炼自己的解题技能，细节理解题占的比例比较多，阅读文章时要划出相应的句子。

3要专项练习与综合练习相结合。

4要注重限时训练，提高自己的解题速度和正确率。

大胆预测首考B篇：

体裁：说明文的可能性大

语篇结构：分-总或总-分

话题分布：社会现象和高中生或大学生的学习和生活

字数大约在：280左右

生词率：0%-2%左右

题型关注度：细节理解题、主旨大意题、猜测词义题题目与参考答案：

历届B篇题目以及参考答案：

私家英语整理

原题:2016、10

B

TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguestwhoisabletoproduceelectricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoagenerator(发电机)，Theideaistogetpeoplefitandreducetheircarbonfootprint.Guestswillhavetoproduceatleast10watthoursofelectricity-roughly15minutesofcyclingforsomeoneofaveragefitness.GuestsstayingatPlazaHotelwillbegivenmeatticketsworth$36oncetheyhaveproduced10watthoursofelectricity.Thebicycleswillhavesmartphonesattachedtothehandlebarsmeasuringhowmuchpowerisbeinggeneratedforthehotel.

Theplan,aworld-first,willstarton19Aprilandrunforayear.Onlyguestsstayingatthehotelwillbeabletotakepart.FrederikkeToemmergaard,hotelspokeswoman,said,“Manyofourvisitorsarebusinesspeoplewhoenjoygoingtothegym.Theremightbepeoplewhowillcyclejusttogetafreemeal,butgenerallyIdon’tthinkpeoplewilltakeadvantageofourprogramme,”

Copenhagenhasalong-standingcyclingtraditionand36%oflocalscycletoworkeachday,oneofthehighestpercentagesintheworld,accordingtothewebsitevisitcopenhagen.dk.USenvironmentalwebsiterecentlyvotedCopenhagentheworld’sbestcityforcyclists.“BecauseCopenhagenisstronglyconnectedwithcycling，wefeltthebicyclewouldworkwellasasymbolofthehotel’sgreenprofile(形象)."

Ifsuccessful,theelectricbicyclemealprogrammewillbespreadtoallCrownePlazahotelsintheUK,thehotelsaidinastatement.

24.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefreemealprogramme?

A.Topromotethehotel'sgreenconcept.

B.Tomakethecityknowntotheworld.

C.Toattractpeopletothehotelrestaurant.

D.Togetgueststostaylongeratthehotel.

25.Howcanaparticipantgetafreemeal?

A.Bybecomingaprofessionalcyclist.

B.Bycyclingtoproducesomeelectricity.

C.Bylinkingasmartphonetoabicycle.

D.Bymonitoringhisorhercarbonfootprint.

26.Whoaremostlikelytoenterfortheprogramme?

A.Thepoorlocalpeople.

B.Theenvironmentactivists.

C.Health-conscioushotelguests.

D.VisitorsfondofCopenhagenfood.

27.Accordingtoparagraph3,Copenhagenhasoneoftheworld's_.

A.bestchainhotels

B.greenestnaturalenvironments

C.longestbikepaths

D.highestratesofpeoplecyclingtowork

原题：2017、06

B

GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.

Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest:mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV.

“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,”saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecanzxxkgetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.

Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.

25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?

A.Americankids’sleepinghabits.

B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.

C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.

D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.

26.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?

A.7hours.

B.8hours.

C.10hours.

D.18hours.

27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?

A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.

B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.

C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.

D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly.

原题：2017、11

B

It'ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(领悟).

Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We'reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(认知)performanceorisitjustafeeling?

AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople'spowersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoareinturnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.

Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewhoweren't.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect"enclothedcognition,"suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.

Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef'shatmaketherestaurantfoodtastebetter?

FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticlesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(学位服).

25.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.

B.Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.

C.Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.

D.Peopledoingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.

26.AdamandGalinsky'sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers'______.

A.insights

B.movements

C.attention

D.appearance

27.Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?

A.Academic.

B.Humorous.

C.Formal.

D.Hopeful.

原题：2018、06

B

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAway

D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

原题：2018、11

B

ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparents'homes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn'talwaysbeenabirthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars(日历）,neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.Rural(农村的）schoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudyayear,withonebreakperquarter.

Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak:itofferedarestforteachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarandreduceddoctors'concernthatpackingstudentsintohotclassroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.

Butpeople'sopinionaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships（实习）orstudy,there'sstillroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.

24.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?

A.Enjoyasummervacation.

B.Takeabreakeachquarter.

C.Have48weeksofstudyayear.

D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.

25.Whatdidtheeducationalreformersdointhe1840s?

A.Theyintroducedsummervacation.

B.Theyshortenedruralschoolterms.

C.Theypromotedthestudyoffarming.

D.Theyadvocatedhigherpayforteachers.

26.WhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodemU.S.schoolyear?

A.Itpushestheteacherstoohard.

B.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.

C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.

D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.

原题：2019、06

B

Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."

Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.

“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.

Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.

“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”

24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?

A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.

B.Moneynotlegallymade.

C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.

D.Moneynottiedtogether.

25.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?

A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.

B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.

C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.

D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.

原题：2020、01

B

Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsice-free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.

Wisconsin,alsocalled“America’sDairyland,”isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof(处置)thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?

Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets.Thesaltlowerswater’sfreezingpoint,causingicetomelt(融化).Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater’sfreezingpoint.

Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksalt