UOP规范27一般用途离心泵

GENERAL概述Scope范围ThisStandardSpecification coversthegeneral designrequirementsforcentrifugal pumpswithinthefollowing applicationlimitsandspecifiedtocomplywithASMEorstandards:本标准规范涉及遵守ASME或标准和满足下列条件的离心泵的设计。Maximumdischargepressure275psig(19kg/cm2g)最大出口压力275psig(19kg/cm2g)Maximumsuctionpressure(normaloperating,nonshorttermupset)75psig(5kg/cm2g)最大入口压力(常规工况无切换) 75psig(5kg/cm2g)Maximumratedtotalhead400feet(120meters)最大额定扬程400英尺(120米)Maximumratedspeed3600rpm最大额定转速3600rpmMaximumpumpfluidtemperature300F(150C)最高介质温度300F(150C)Exceptions orvariations shownintheUOPProjectSpecificationstakeprecedeneeoverrequirementsshownherein.“UOP公司工程规范”中给出的例外情况或变更优先于本标准中的要求。References参考文献Uniessnotedbelow,usetheeditionandaddendaofeachrefereneeddocumentcurrentonthedateofthisUOPStandardSpecification.Whenarefereneeddocumentincorporatesanotherdocument,usetheeditionofthatdocumentrequiredbytherefereneeddocument.如果以下没有另外说明，使用本“标准规范”发行日期内有效的各参考文件版本和附录。如果参考文件引用另一文件，则使用参考文件要求的引用文件版本。AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers(ASME),“SpecificationforHorizontalEndSuctionCentrifugalPumpsforChemicalProcess”ASME化工用卧式端吸离心泵规格ASME,“SpecificationforVerticalIn-LineCentrifugalPumpsforChemicalProcess”.ASME化工用立式管道离心泵ASME,“GrayIronPipeFlangesandFlangedFittings;(Classes25,125,250)”ASME铸铁管法兰和法兰管件(磅级25,125,250)ASME“DuctileIronPipeFlangesandFlangedFittings,Classes150and300”ASME球墨铸铁管法兰和法兰管件磅级150和300ASME,“PipeFlangesandFlangedFittings,NPS ?throughNPS24Metric/InchStandard”美国机械工程师学会(ASME)，“管法兰和法兰管件，NPS1/2至NPS24公制/英制标准”。ASME, “SurfaceTexture(SurfaceRoughness,Waviness,Lay)”ASME,“表面结构特征(表面粗糙度、波浪度及形态)”。AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)A193, “StandardSpecificationforAlloySteelandStainlessSteelBoltingMaterialsforHigh-TemperatureServiceorHighPressureServiceandotherSpecialPurposeApplications”(ASTM)A193高温设备用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料的标准规范ASTMA194, “StandardSpecificationforCarbonandAlloySteelNutsforBoltsforHigh-PressureandHigh-TemperatureService,orBoth ”ASTMA194高温或高压或高温高压螺栓用碳钢及合金钢螺母ASTMA276,“StandardSpecificationforStainlessSteelBarsandShapes”ASTMA27环锈钢棒材和型材规格DeutschesInstitutfurNormung(DIN)50018,“TestinginaSaturatedAtmosphereonthePressureofSulfurDioxide”(DIN)50018在含二氧化硫气体的冷凝水中变换气候的试验InternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)1940“MechanicalVibrationBalanceQualityRequirementforRotorsinaConstant(Rigid)State”(ISO)1940机械振动—刚性转子的平衡精度要求National,state,andlocalgovernmentalregulationsandlaws国家、州和地方政府法律和规定。AcceptabilityCriteria可接受标准Thevendor'sofferingshallhaveprovensuccessinindustrialoperation.Prototypesarenotacceptable.供货商报价中的规格和设计应具有在规定操作条件下现场成功应用的验证记录(不接受样机)。DESIGNANDCONSTRUCTION计和建造General概述ThedesignandconstructionofhorizontalpumpsshallcomplywithASMEexceptwheremodifiedbyeithertheUOPProjectSpecification(s)orUOPStandardSpecification(s). 卧式离心泵应遵守ASME373的要求，“UOP公司工程规范”“UOP公司标准规范”中加以修改的部分除外。ThedesignandconstructionofverticalpumpsshallcomplywithASMEexceptwheremodifiedbyeithertheUOPProjectSpecification(s)orUOPStandardSpecification(s). 立式离心泵应遵守ASME373的要求，“UOP公司工程规范”“UOP公司标准规范”中加以修改的部分除外。Allequipmentshallbedesignedtooperateinatotallyunprotectedoutdoorenvironment.泵要按照完全无防护，室外环境运行的条件设计。Pumpsandmechanicalsealsshallbedesignedforcontinuousoperationatthemaximumpumpingtemperature.Ifamaximumpumpingtemperatureisnotspecified,thenormalpumpingtemperatureplus50 °F(28°C)minimumshallbeused.泵的设计应使其在至少高于规定最高运行温度50°F(28°C)下连续运行。Inducersshallnotbeused. 不允许使用诱导轮Forhorizontalpumps,thepumpvendorshallmountandalignthedriveronthebaseplate.卧式泵厂商应将电机安装在基座上Verticaldrivecomponentsshallbeinthepumpvendor 'sscopeofsupplyandtheyshallbealignedandmatchmarkedinthevendor'sshop.供应商应立式电机组件并对齐和标记在供应商商店里HydraulicSelectionCriteria 水利选择标准Pumpsthathavestablehead/flowratecurves(continuousheadrisetoshutoff)arepreferredforallapplicationsandarerequiredifparalleloperationisspecified.Ifparalleloperationisspecified,theheadrisefromratedpointtoshutoffshallbeatleast10%.Ifadischargeorificeisusedasameansofprovidingacontinuousrisetoshutoff,thisuseshallbestatedintheproposal.有稳定压头的泵/流量曲线(持续闭阀扬程)的泵适用于所有应用且需要如果是并联操作。如果指定并联操作，额定扬程和闭阀扬程至少差10%。如果采用排水孔来提供闭阀扬程，需单独说明。Themaximumimpellerdiameterforasingle-stageoverhungpumpdesign,operatingat2950rpmto3600rpm,shallbe13inches(330millimeters)转速2950rpm到3600rpm单级悬臂离心泵最大设计叶轮直径为13英寸(330mm)Pumpsshallhaveapreferredoperatingregionof70%to120%ofbestefficiencyflowrateofthepumpasfurnished.Ratedflowshallbewithintheregionof80%to110%ofbestefficiencyflowrateofthepumpasfurnished.泵应具有最佳的工作区域，占泵的最佳效率流量的70疥120%额定流量应在设备最佳效率流率的80%^110沱间。Pumpswithconstantspeeddriversshallbecapableofafutureheadincreaseofatleast5%atratedflowratebyinstallinganewimpeller.以恒定速度驱动的泵，应具有每安装一个新的叶轮在额定流量中增加至少5%勺流量的能力。Thesuctionspecificspeedshallnotexceed11,000(USGPM,ft),13,000(M3/hr,meters).Thesuctionspecificspeedofpumpsover100HP(75kW)inwateroraqueoussolution (over50%water)servicesshallnotexceed9500(USGPM,ft),11,000(M3/hr,meters).吸力比速度不超过11000(USGPM,ft),13000(M3/hr，米)。在水或水溶液(超过50%勺水)中，泵的吸力比为100HP(75kW)，不超过9500(USGPM,ft),11000(M3/hr，米)。Hydrocarbon correction factorsshallnotbeusedtocalculateNetPositiveSuctionHead(NPSH).不应使用碳氢化合物校正因子计算汽蚀余量 (NPSH)Flanges法兰ThesuctionanddischargeflangesshallbethesameClass.出入口法兰应采用统一规格FlangeclassesarespecifiedinaccordaneewithASMEASMEandASMEFlangeclasseslistedinUOPProjectSpecificationsarebasedupondesignpressureandtemperatureconditionsonly,anddonotaccountforotherloads.Thefinaldesignofallflangesshallaccountforgasketseating andexternal thermalexpansionfordissimilarjointsandtransientthermalconditionssuchasstart-up/shutdownandoperationalupsetshallbeaccommodated.法兰等级采用ASME规定。“UOP公司工程规范”给出的法兰等级只按照设计压力和温度条件，没有考虑其它负载。全部法兰的最终设计应考虑最小预紧压力和外部负载。不同种材料连接产生的不均匀热膨胀和开车/停车及操作不稳定时的瞬时热状态应加以考虑。Flangesintendedforusewithspiralwoundgasketsshallhaveaflangesurfacefinishof125microinchRaminimumto250microinchRamaximum.Flangesintendedforusewithothergasketsshallhaveaflangesurfacefinishwithintheoptimalrangeforthespecifiedgasket.FinishesshallbejudgedbyvisualcomparisonwithsurfacefinishroughnessstandardsconformingtoASME.Flangefinishesshallbeprotectedfromdamageduringfabrication,heattreatment,shipping,storage,andinstallation.使用缠绕式垫片的法兰，其表面光洁度范围应为最低 125微英寸Ra至最高250微英寸Rs。使用其它垫片的法兰，其表面光洁度应为规定垫片所要求的最佳范围。光洁度通过与符合ASME规定的表面光洁度粗糙度标准试样进行观察比较来判断。法兰表面光洁度应该在制造、热处理、运输、贮存和安装过程中加以保护，防止损坏。Flangesshallbedesignedforthroughbolting.法兰连接方式为螺栓连接Casings壳体Thethicknessofthepressurecasingshallbesuitableforthemaximumdischargepressure,takingintoaccountthemaximumimpellerdiameterandturbineoverspeed,andthemaximumtemperaturedefinedbySection压力壳体的厚度应适用于最大排放压力，考虑到最大叶轮直径和涡轮转速，以及第节定义的最高温度Flangesshallbeprovidedforconnections1inchNPSandlarger.大于1NPS应采用法兰连接Thecasingshallbeprovidedwithaventconnectionunlessthepumpismadeself-ventingbyarrangementofthenozzles.除非泵是通过喷嘴的布置来进行自排气，否则应提供排气管。Thevendorshallprovideacasingdrainwithvalve.Theconnectionshallbelargestpossibleforthatcasinguptoamaximumof?inchNPS.供应商应为壳体提供放水阀，最大尺寸?inchNPSThreadeddrainandventconnectionsshallnotbeusedinhydrocarbonorotherflammableservices.烃及其他易燃介质放空禁用螺纹连接Threadedconnectionsfortheprimarysealflushareallowed.Threadedfittingsfortransitioningfromthecasingtotubingforsealflushpipingmaybeusedprovidedthatasecondarysealingfeature,suchasO-rings,areusedandthatthejointdoesnotdependonthethreadcontactalonetosealthefluid.Theconnectionbossshallhaveamachinedfacesuitableforsealingcontact.主密封冲洗允许采用螺纹连接，但必须采用如0型圈的二次密封起到多重密封作用。管接头应经过机加工处理适合密封。Sealweldingofthreadedconnectionsisnotallowed.不允许使用螺纹连接的密封焊Ductileironpressurecasingsshallnotbeusedinhydrocarbonorotherflammableservices.烃和易爆介质不允许使用铸铁壳体CasingboltingforductileironpumpsshallconformtoASTMA193,GradeB7withASTMA194Grade2Hnuts.Forstainlesssteelpumps,boltingshallconformtoASTMA193,GradeB8Class2withASTMA194Grade8nuts铸铁泵壳体螺栓应符合ASTMA193,GradeB7配合ASTMA194Grade2H螺母不锈钢泵螺栓应符合ASTMA193,B8级Class2配合ASTMA1948级螺母Impellers叶轮Impelleraxialclearanceshallbeadjustablewithoutdisassemblyofthepump.叶轮轴向间隙应在不拆泵的情况下可调ImpellersshallbedynamicallybalancedinaccordancewithISO1940,qualitygradetrimmingtothespecifieddiameter.Iftheratioofmaximumoutsidediameterdividedbythewidthattheperipheryincludingtheshroud(s)islessthansix,atwo-planespinbalanceshallbeperformed.叶轮应根据ISO1940，质量等级，按规定的直径进行动态平衡。如果最大外径比除以周围的宽度，包括包裹的宽度小于 6，则需要进行两平面动平衡Shaft轴Shaftshallhavestiffnessratioof(L3/D4)oflessthan65in-1mm-1).Forastiffnessratiogreaterthan60butlessthan65,thelowestturndownflowshouldbelimitedto60%ofBEPtopreventexcessiveshaftdeflection(ifoperationbelow60%BEPisrequired,consideraddingapumpspillback-ifoneisnotalreadyprovided)轴刚度比(L3/D4)应低于65英寸-1mm-1)。刚度比高于60低于65,最低切换流量应至少最佳效率点的 60%防止轴弯曲(如果操作要求低于最佳效率点的60%,考虑增加泵放空如果未提供)Pumpshaftshallnotbeintegralwithmotorshaft. 泵轴与电机轴不应一体Pumpsshallhavesolidshafts.Hookshaftsleevesarenotacceptable.轴应为实心轴,不允许使用轴套ShaftSealing轴封Pumpsshallhavecartridgemountedmechanicalseals.泵应安装机械密封Forpumpshandlinghydrocarbon,toxic,orcorrosivefluids,thepumpsealchambersshallbesizedtoaccommodateadualmechanicalsealsystem.对于处理碳氢化合物、有毒或腐蚀性流体的泵,泵密封室应按大小调整,以适应双机械密封系统。IfauxillaryAPI682flushplans52or53arespecified,pumpingringsshallbeprovidedwiththemechanicalseals.Athermosiphonsystemalonedoesnotmeetthisrequirement.如果采用API682中52或53冲洗方案，机封应提供泵送环，除非系统有热虹吸系统。Non-sealingmetallicpartsofthesealshallhavecorrosionresistanceequaltothatofthepumpcasingorshallbeASTMA276Type316stainlesssteelasaminimumexceptspringswhichshallbeHastelloyC-276asaminimum.Setscrewsshallhavetheappropriatehardnessforthegivenshaftandcorrosionresistancefortheprocessliquidandenvironmentwherethesealistobeinstalled.密封的非密封金属部件应具有与泵壳体相同的耐腐蚀性能，或应以ASTMA276标准型316型不锈钢为最小值。固定螺钉应具有适当的硬度，适用于所安装密封的工艺液体和环境。Sealchambersshallbearrangedtomaintainapositivepressureunderallspecifiedoperatingconditions,includingpumpsinvacuumservice.在所有指定的操作条件下（包括真空泵），应安排密封室保持正压。Internalsealflushpassagewaysarenotpermitted.不允许采用内部密封冲洗通道Ventanddrainconnectionsfrommechanicalsealsshallbepipedtoasafeareabyothers.机械密封的排气口和排水管应由其他管道输送到安全区域。Thepumpvendorshalldeterminetherequiredcirculationratetoinsuresufficientliquidatthesealfacesforpropersealoperation.Therestrictionorifice,ifrequired,shallnotbelessthan1/8"（3mm）.泵的供应商应确定所需的循环率，以保证密封表面的足够液体，以便进行适当的密封操作。如果需要，限制孔不得小于1/8”（3毫米）。Pumpsinwaterserviceshallbedesignedsothatthewatertemperatureatthesealfacesdoesnotexceed180 °F（80°C水泵应当设计成密封面临的水温度不超过180°F(80°C)。Bearings轴承a.Bearingsshallbetheanti-frictiontypeandshallhaveanL-10ratinglifeof25,000hoursminimumincontinuousoperationatratedpumpconditions.轴承应是耐磨型，在额定泵工况下连续运行时，其额定寿命为25,000小时。b.Single-rowbearingsshallbeConrad(deepgroove)type.单列轴承为康拉德(深沟)型。Pumpswithbearinghousingslubricatedbyopenorclosedloop,pureoilmistshalluseInproPermanentBearingProtectiontypeOM-32bearingisolatorsorequal,asaminimum.PumpswithbearinghousingslubricatedbyconstantleveloilersorpurgeoilmistshalluseInproPermanentBearingProtectiontypeVBXX-Dbearingisolatorsorequal,asaminimum.Labyrinthandlipsealsarenotallowed.泵轴承箱机油或油雾润滑，应安装至少VBXX-D等级的油封。不允许采用迷宫密封和唇形密封。AuxiliaryPiping辅助管路Whencoolingwaterisrequired,thepumpvendorsh