被动语态的用法

被动语态的用法1.一般现在时的被动语态构成为：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词。例如：我们的教室每天都被打扫。我被要求努力学习。刀子用于切割物品。2.一般过去时的被动语态构成为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。例如：去年建了一家新商店。恐龙蛋很久以前就被放置了。3.现在完成时的被动语态构成为：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词。例如：这本书已经被翻译成了很多种语言。很多国家已经发射了许多人造卫星。4.一般将来时的被动语态构成为：will+be+及物动词的过去分词。例如：我们城市将会建造一家新医院。明年将会种更多的树。5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成为：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。例如：年轻的树必须经常浇水。你的错误应该立即纠正。门可能被从里面锁上了。你的作业可以明天交。6.现在进行时的被动语态构成为：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词。例如：王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。现在我的自行车正在被汤姆修理。他们正在那里种树。现在树正在被他们种植。1.不及物动词没有被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years?Dinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式。在主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例如：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomething;seesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomething.Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语。那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体。而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.6.宾语补足语的被动语态。TheycallhimBob.→HeiscalledBob.7.谓语补助语态。Heisagoodboy.→Heisconsideredagoodboy.如see,hear,feel等。例如：Hemademedoit.→Iwasmadetodoitbyhim.②有些动词在主动结构中，后面接带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把to改为被动形式，即不定式的被动式，这类动词有[expect,want,need,require,ask,tell]等。例如：Theyexpectustofinishtheproject.→Weareexpectedtofinishtheprojectbythem.③有些动词在主动结构中，后面接复合不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把复合不定式改为被动形式，即不定式的被动式，这类动词有[need,want,require]等。例如：Ineedtohavemycarfixed.→Mycarneedstobefixedbyme.④有些动词在主动结构中，后面接的宾语是人称代词，但如果改为被动，则需把宾语改为主语，同时把主语改为介词by的宾语，这类动词有[blame,praise,thank,scold]等。例如：Heblamedmeforthemistake.→Iwasblamedforthemistakebyhim.文章：Environmentaldamageisaseriousproblemthataffectstheentireplanet.Oncedamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.Forexample,deforestationcanleadtosoilerosionanddesertification,whichcanhaveadevastatingimpactonlocalecosystemsandthepeoplewhodependonthem.Similarly,pollutionfromfactoriesandcarscanleadtorespiratoryproblemsandotherhealthissuesforhumansandanimalsalike.However,therearestepsthatindividualsandgovernmentscantaketomitigatetheeffectsofenvironmentaldamage.Forinstance,individualscanreducetheircarbonfootprintbyusingpublictransportation,recycling,andconservingenergy.Governmentscanpasslawsandregulationsthatlimitpollutionandprotectnaturalhabitats.Additionally,businessescaninvestinsustainablepracticesthatminimizetheirimpactontheenvironment.Despitetheseefforts,environmentaldamagecontinuestobeapressingissue.Climatechange,inparticular,posesasignificantthreattotheplanetanditsinhabitants.Risingtemperatures,sealevels,andextremeweathereventsarealreadyaffecting