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超临界二氧化碳锅炉II目 次前 言 II范围 1规范性引用文件 1术语和定义 2锅炉范围界定 3型号和参数 4一般要求 5材料 6设计 6制造和检验 7安全附件及仪表 8产品铭牌、涂装、包装和随机文件 9安装与运行 10附录A(资料性)超临界二氧化碳物性数据 11附录B(资料性)超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环发电机组启动前吹管方法 46附录C(资料性)高温高压二氧化碳采样方法 49附录D(资料性)工质二氧化碳品质要求和检测方法 51GB/TXXXXXGB/TXXXXX—XXXXPAGEPAGE10超临界二氧化碳锅炉范围(以下简称锅炉500MPa,单台出力小于或等于50MW的发电锅炉。规范性引用文件下列文件的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,(包括所有的修改单适用于本文件。GB/T2900.48电工名词术语锅炉GB/T5832.1气体分析微量水分的测定第1部分:电解法GB/T5832.2气体分析微量水分的测定第2部分:露点法GB/T6052工业液体二氧化碳GB/T6285气体中微量氧的测定电化学法GB/T8174设备及管道绝热效果的测试与评价GB8978污水综合排放标准GB/T8981气体中微量氢的测定气相色谱法GB/T8984气体中一氧化碳、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物的测定气相色谱法GB/T10184电站锅炉性能试验规程GB12348工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准GB13223火电厂大气污染物排放标准GB13271锅炉大气污染物排放标准GB/T16507.1水管锅炉第1GB/T16507.2水管锅炉第2GB/T16507.3水管锅炉第3部分:结构设计GB/T16507.4水管锅炉第4部分:受压元件强度计算GB/T16507.5水管锅炉第5部分:制造GB/T16507.6水管锅炉第6部分:检验、试验和验收GB/T16507.7水管锅炉第7部分:安全附件和仪表GB/T16507.8水管锅炉第8部分:安装与运行GB/T17357设备及管道绝热层表面热损失现场测定热流计法和表面温度法GB/T22395锅炉钢结构设计规范GB/T23938高纯二氧化碳GB/T34348电站锅炉技术条件GBZ1工业企业设计卫生标准GBZ2.1工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素GBZ/T223工作场所有毒气体检测报警装置设置规范DL5190.2电力建设施工技术规范第2部分:锅炉机组DL/T5294火力发电建设工程机组调试技术规范NB/T10939锅炉用材料入厂验收规则NB/T47043锅炉钢结构制造技术规范NB/T47049管式空气预热器制造技术条件NB/T47055锅炉涂装和包装通用技术条件NB/T47060回转式空气预热器术语和定义GB/T2900.48界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1超临界二氧化碳supercriticalcarbondioxide压力大于7.38MPa、温度大于31.1℃的二氧化碳。3.2布雷顿循环braytoncycle以气体为工质,先后经过绝热压缩、定压吸热、绝热膨胀及定压冷却四个过程的热力循环。3.3超临界二氧化碳锅炉supercriticalcarbondioxideboiler以超临界态二氧化碳作为工质的锅炉。3.4给气feedgas符合一定质量要求而被输入锅炉的二氧化碳气体。3.5主气maingas锅炉入口给气经锅炉加热后进入高压透平做功的二氧化碳气体。3.6再热气reheatgas将高压透平排气经锅炉再次加热进入低压透平做功的二氧化碳气体。3.7气冷壁gas-cooledwall敷设在锅炉炉膛四周以二氧化碳气体为冷却工质的辐射受热面。3.8分流省煤器shunteconomizer利用从给气中分流出的部分二氧化碳气体吸收炉膛排烟中的热量以降低排烟温度的对流受热面。3.9给气管道mainfeedgaspipe高温回热器冷侧出口至气冷壁进口集箱和分流省煤器进口集箱以内的管道。3.10主气管道maingaspipe末级过热器出口集箱至高压透平入口主气阀以内的管道。3.11再热气管道reheatgaspipe锅炉范围界定锅炉范围典型超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环发电系统流程图如图1所示。锅炉范围包括锅炉本体、锅炉范围内管道、安全附件和仪表等。图1典型超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环发电系统流程图锅炉本体锅炉本体是指由受热面、集箱及其连接管道,炉膛、燃烧设备、空气预热器、炉墙、烟(风)道、构架(包括平台和扶梯)等所组成的整体。锅炉范围内管道锅炉范围内管道包括给气管道、主气管道、再热气管道以及一次门以内(不含阀门)的支路管道,如图2所示。注:(器进口集箱以内的管道;再热气热段管道指再热器出口集箱至透平低压主气阀以内的管道。安全附件和仪表安全附件和仪表,包括安全阀、爆破片、CO2泄露报警装置,压力测量、温度测量、CO2浓度测量等装置(仪表),安全保护装置,排污装置等。图2超临界二氧化碳锅炉的锅炉范围内管道示意图型号和参数型号编制方法锅炉的产品型号由四个部分组成,各部分之间用短横线相连,应能表达出制造单位、工质名称、额定参数、燃料种类等,形式如下:产品型号第一部分:A——锅炉制造单位代号,由若干字母表示。B、CD(“/”)分开,其中:B——锅炉额定主气流量,用阿拉伯数字表示(整数),单位为吨每小时(t/h);C——锅炉额定主气压力(表压),用阿拉伯数字表示(保留1位小数点),单位为兆帕(MPa);D——锅炉额定主气温度,用阿拉伯数字表示,单位为摄氏度(℃),如有再热,其温度值在额定主气温度后用斜线(“/”)分隔并标出。EFE——锅炉设计燃料代号,用汉语拼音字母表示,按下列规定:燃“煤”炉,用“M”表示;燃“油”炉,用“Y”表示;燃“气”炉,用“Q”表示;燃“其他燃料”炉,用“T”表示。对于原设计已考虑可燃用两种燃料的锅炉,可用两种燃料代号并列。如:可燃“煤”和“油”锅炉,用“MY”表示;可燃“油”和“气”锅炉,用“YQ”表示。F——锅炉设计顺序号,一般用阿拉伯数字或字母表示,具体由各单位自行确定。C2表示。编制示例某单位制造的额定主气流量290t/h,额定主气压力20MPa的超临界二氧化碳锅炉,额定主气温度600℃,再热气出口温度600℃,设计燃料为天然气,设计顺序号为001,其型号为:XX-29/2/60/600Q00-C。参数锅炉额定工况主要技术参数如下:锅炉主气流量(t/h);工质压力(MPa),包括给气压力、额定主气压力、额定再热器进口压力、额定再热器出口压力;排烟温度(℃);锅炉热效率(%)。一般要求GB/T16507.1~16507.8GB/T22395NB/T47043NB/T47060NB/T47049GB/T34348GB/T23938GB13223GB13271锅炉设计时应采取有效措施控制锅炉出口烟气温度。锅炉受压元件、部件的连接应采用焊接连接,且采用全焊透焊接结构。锅炉应采取有效的工质减温方式,保证锅炉气温可控。锅炉应合理设置排污装置,保证定期排污通畅。材料锅炉用材料(包括焊接材料)应是纳入国家标准或行业标准中的锅炉用钢。锅炉设计选材时,应考虑锅炉频繁调峰产生的疲劳问题,并采取有效解决措施。锅炉受热面管设计选材时,烟气侧管子外壁温度应符合壁温适用范围,并留有足够温度裕度。气冷壁材料宜选用奥氏体不锈钢。奥氏体不锈钢管不宜采用内喷丸的方式对内表面进行强化。NB/T10939设计集箱与管道管道的材料、规格应根据系统流量、压力、温度参数经过技术经济性比较确定。管道系统载荷统计应按照管道和集箱各种工况中可能出现的最大二氧化碳密度进行核算。管道的设计应以流动阻力最小为目标合理选择管道弯曲半径。管道弯头在空间结构条件允许情3超临界二氧化碳放空管道设计时应考虑冷冻效应,防止管道发生脆性破裂。不同温度二氧化碳的管道采用三通结构汇合时应设计合适结构减少温差应力,可考虑在支管处采用套筒结构。凡与主气管道、再热气管道、给气管道、分流省煤器进口管道等锅炉管道直接连接的联箱、集箱等,均应能够承受一定的管道热膨胀所给予的推力及力矩。气冷壁高度最低的集箱应设置防止启动初期二氧化碳液化的放气管路,管路出口应连接到安全地点。分流省煤器入口管道宜设置调节阀,出口管道的设计温度应能满足分流省煤器在运行中可能出现的最恶劣工况。气冷壁燃煤超临界CO2锅炉炉膛截面根据超临界C2CO2气冷壁工质流向(上升、下降、水平方向)宜根据壁面热负荷分布情况选择,使气冷壁工质低温区与炉膛内高热负荷区合理匹配。A,热负荷曲线宜参照水管锅气冷壁的管子规格、材料对热偏差、流量偏差等因素造成的管壁温度不均匀应进行考虑,保证满足强度并留有足够的安全裕度。气冷壁采用管子加鳍片形式的膜式壁或其他可靠密封形式,管间扁钢材料与管子材料成分应相近。气冷壁的管内可采用传热强化技术,以提升单位面积的吸热量。气冷壁采用膜式壁且管内过热器与再热器管子相邻布置时,其连接应有可靠的密封。相邻管应控制温度偏差,避免鳍片撕裂。气冷壁设计中应考虑启动初期受热不均、局部温度较低导致个别管子内产生的二氧化碳液化现象,并采取措施避免管子因积液致管子没有足够二氧化碳冷却。气冷壁宜采用全疏水结构,放水点装在最低处,保证气冷壁管及其集箱内的水或液态二氧化碳能放空。高温受热面锅炉受热面宜选用悬吊结构,做好锅炉热膨胀设计。锅炉运行时,应按照预定方向膨胀,避免锅炉部件膨胀受阻和变形。高温受热面宜选择水平布置的屏式或管束结构,当采用垂直吊挂结构时,应考虑水压试验存留的积水清除措施。为增大受热面二氧化碳通流面积,通过减少横向截距增大管子数量时,应注意避免堵灰,减轻磨损。受结构限制,当单独布置一级受热面会导致二氧化碳流动阻力过大时,可采用分流设计,沿烟气流程将不同位置上受热面并联连接,两个并联受热面阻力、温升应相近。受热面的材料宜选择奥氏体不锈钢,应综合考虑烟温偏差、流量偏差等因素,对不同的管段进行壁温核算,并留有足够的安全裕度。设计中应保证各段受热面在启动、正常运行、停炉、事故等情况下采取有效措施保证金属壁面不超温,按预定方向膨胀且不受阻碍。各级受热面最高点处应设有排放空气的管路和阀门,低点设置疏水管路和阀门;管路的引出处(管接头分流省煤器分流省煤器一般采用逆流布置,应保持其传热端差(进口烟温与出口气温差值)不为负值。分流省煤器的设计流量宜根据热力系统优化计算确定,但应能保证任何工况下受热面能得到充分冷却。分流省煤器应能与并联的受热面温升和压降匹配,出口工质温度应与汇入管路工质温度相近,出口压力高于汇入点工质压力。受热面管子和材料的壁温核算应按照可能出现的最低流量、最高进口温度中最恶劣工况校核金属壁面温度。制造和检验当炉膛整体组装出厂时,其组装后应满足以下要求:整体炉膛需要全部密封;整体炉膛的宽度和深度尺寸偏差为±15mm;整体炉膛高度(上下集箱中心线)偏差为±10mm。GB/T16507.6,还应满足以下要求。9%-12%Cr10010010气冷壁管屏管子与承载附件(耳板、刚性梁附件等)100912Cr100GB/T16507.6GB/T16507.6安全附件及仪表安全阀及其排放管路1(气动式、液动式和电磁式)。安全阀设计应避免冷冻效应影响引起的阀门堵塞和失效。温度测量装置2锅炉入口给气温度;分流省煤器进出口气温;气冷壁进出口气温;每级受热面进出口气温;存在温差汇合管道汇合前后气温。锅炉相应部位应监测金属壁温状况,测量金属壁温应采用与被测表面紧密接触的表面式热电100mm高温受热面炉外金属壁温;炉膛气冷壁出口金属壁温;炉膛气冷壁燃烧器区背火侧金属壁温。压力测量装置锅炉入口给气压力;分流省煤器进出口压力;炉膛气冷壁进出口压力;每级受热面进出口压力;汇合管道汇合前后压力。烟风系统宜选用具备远传功能的压力变送器或压力开关。具体压力测点位置选取如下:炉膛出口压力;空气预热器进出烟气压力;空气预热器进出风压力。联锁保护锅炉工质系统应至少装设以下保护装置:任何情况下,循环流量低于启动流量时的报警装置;工质流程气冷壁出口温度超过规定值时的报警装置;给气断气超过规定时间时,自动切断锅炉燃料供应装置;锅炉出口主气或再热气超压报警装置;锅炉出口主气或再热气超温报警装置。GB/T16507.7其他GBZ2.1GBZ/T223GBZ1空气预热器前尾部烟道宜对烟气中二氧化碳含量在线检测,以监测炉内二氧化碳受热面泄漏。锅炉放气阀、安全阀等放气装置打开时应有报警提示。产品铭牌、涂装、包装和随机文件产品铭牌锅炉产品应在明显的位置装设金属铭牌,铭牌上至少载明以下项目:制造单位名称;锅炉型号;设备代码;产品编号;额定主气流量(t/h)或者额定热功率(MW);额定主气压力(MPa);额定主气温度(℃);额定再热气进口、出口温度(℃)和进口、出口压力(MPa);制造日期(年、月)。散件出厂的锅炉,应在主要受压部件的封头、端盖或筒体适当位置上标注产品标记。涂装和包装锅炉涂装和包装应满足NB/T47055的规定。随机文件产品出厂时,锅炉制造单位应提供与安全有关的技术资料,至少包括以下内容:锅炉图样,包括总图、安装图和主要受压元件图;受压元件的强度计算书或者计算结果汇总表;安全阀排放量的计算书或者计算结果汇总表;热力计算书或者热力计算结果汇总表;烟风阻力计算书或者计算结果汇总表;(含锅炉产品数据表锅炉安装说明书和使用说明书;受压元件与设计文件不符的变更资料;过热器、再热器壁温计算书或者计算结果汇总表;热膨胀系统图;各项安全保护装置整定值。产品合格证上应有检验责任工程师、质量保证工程师签章和产品质量检验专用章(或单位公章)。安装与运行B。GB/T10184GB/T8174GB/T17357CD。附录A(资料性)超临界二氧化碳物性数据表D.1超临界二氧化碳物性数据压力MPa温度℃密度kg/m3焓kJ/kg导热系数W/(m·k)动力粘度m2/s普朗特数14400110.17858.370.05092.907E-070.750914405109.23864.340.05122.947E-070.750014410108.31870.310.05162.987E-070.749314415107.41876.280.05193.027E-070.748514420106.53882.260.05233.067E-070.747814425105.66888.250.05263.108E-070.747114430104.81894.230.05303.148E-070.746414435103.98900.230.05333.189E-070.745714440103.16906.220.05363.230E-070.745114445102.35912.220.05403.271E-070.744514450101.56918.230.05433.312E-070.743914455100.78924.240.05473.353E-070.743314460100.01930.260.05503.395E-070.74281446599.26936.280.05543.437E-070.74221447098.52942.300.05573.478E-070.74171447597.80948.330.05603.520E-070.74121448097.08954.370.05643.563E-070.74071448596.38960.410.05673.605E-070.74031449095.68966.460.05713.647E-070.73981449595.00972.510.05743.690E-070.73941450094.33978.570.05783.733E-070.73901450593.67984.630.05813.776E-070.73851451093.02990.700.05843.819E-070.73811451592.38996.770.05883.862E-070.73781452091.751002.850.05913.906E-070.73741452591.131008.940.05953.949E-070.73701453090.521015.030.05983.993E-070.73671453589.911021.120.06014.037E-070.73631454089.321027.230.06054.081E-070.73601454588.731033.330.06084.125E-070.7356压力MPa温度℃密度kg/m3焓kJ/kg导热系数W/(m·k)动力粘度m2/s普朗特数1455088.161039.450.06114.169E-070.73531455587.591045.570.06154.214E-070.73501456087.031051.690.06184.258E-070.73471456586.471057.820.06224.303E-070.73441457085.931063.960.06254.348E-070.73411457585.391070.100.06284.393E-070.73381458084.861076.250.06324.438E-070.73351458584.331082.400.06354.484E-070.73331459083.821088.560.06384.529E-070.73301459583.311094.720.06424.575E-070.73271460082.801100.890.06454.621E-070.732514.5400114.06857.670.05112.815E-070.752014.5405113.09863.650.05142.853E-070.751214.5410112.13869.640.05172.892E-070.750314.5415111.20875.620.05212.931E-070.749514.5420110.28881.620.05242.970E-070.748814.5425109.38887.610.05283.009E-070.748014.5430108.50893.610.05313.048E-070.747314.5435107.63899.610.05353.087E-070.746714.5440106.78905.620.05383.127E-070.746014.5445105.94911.630.05413.166E-070.745414.5450105.12917.650.05453.206E-070.744814.5455104.31923.670.05483.246E-070.744214.5460103.52929.700.05523.286E-070.743614.5465102.74935.730.05553.327E-070.743014.5470101.97941.770.05583.367E-070.742514.5475101.21947.810.05623.408E-070.742014.5480100.47953.850.05653.449E-070.741514.548599.74959.900.05693.489E-070.741014.549099.02965.960.05723.531E-070.740514.549598.32972.020.05753.572E-070.740114.550097.62978.090.05793.613E-070.739614.550596.94984.160.05823.655E-070.739214.551096.26990.240.05863.696E-070.738814.551595.60996.320.05893.738E-070.738414.552094.941002.410.05923.780E-070.738014.552594.301008.500.05963.822E-070.737614.553093.671014.600.05993.865E-070.737214.553593.041020.710.06033.907E-070.7369压力MPa温度℃密度kg/m3焓kJ/kg导热系数W/(m·k)动力粘度m2/s普朗特数14.554092.421026.820.06063.950E-070.736514.554591.821032.930.06093.992E-070.736214.555091.221039.050.06134.035E-070.735814.555590.631045.180.06164.078E-070.735514.556090.051051.310.06194.121E-070.735214.556589.471057.450.06234.164E-070.734914.557088.911063.590.06264.208E-070.734614.557588.351069.740.06294.251E-070.734314.558087.801075.900.06334.295E-070.734014.558587.261082.060.06364.339E-070.733714.559086.721088.220.06394.383E-070.733414.559586.191094.390.06434.427E-070.733214.560085.671100.570.06464.471E-070.732915400117.94856.980.05122.729E-070.753215405116.94862.970.05162.766E-070.752315410115.95868.970.05192.804E-070.751415415114.98874.970.05222.841E-070.750615420114.02880.970.05262.879E-070.749815425113.09886.980.05292.917E-070.749115430112.17892.990.05332.954E-070.748315435111.27899.010.05362.993E-070.747615440110.39905.030.05393.031E-070.746915445109.52911.050.05433.069E-070.746315450108.67917.080.05463.108E-070.745615455107.83923.110.05503.146E-070.745015460107.01929.150.05533.185E-070.744415465106.20935.190.05563.224E-070.743815470105.41941.230.05603.264E-070.743315475104.62947.290.05633.303E-070.742815480103.86953.340.05673.342E-070.742215485103.10959.400.05703.382E-070.741715490102.35965.470.05733.422E-070.741215495101.62971.540.05773.462E-070.740815500100.90977.610.05803.502E-070.740315505100.19983.690.05843.542E-070.73991551099.49989.780.05873.582E-070.73941551598.81995.870.05903.623E-070.73901552098.131001.970.05943.663E-070.73861552597.461008.070.05973.704E-070.7382压力MPa温度℃密度kg/m3焓kJ/kg导热系数W/(m·k)动力粘度m2/s普朗特数1553096.811014.180.06003.745E-070.73781553596.161020.290.06043.786E-070.73741554095.521026.410.06073.827E-070.73711554594.891032.530.06103.868E-070.73671555094.271038.660.06143.910E-070.7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