《E时代大学英语-读写教程4》Unit 五

UNIT5InfluentialFiguresE时代大学英语——读写教程4目录CONTENTSPartⅠ.

Lead-inPartⅡ.StudyFocusPartⅢ.AbilityEnhancementPartⅣ.TranslationSkillsLead-inPartⅠPartⅠPartⅠⅠ

Influentialpeoplealwaysinspireusindifferentways.Watchthevideoandthensharewithyourpartnersaboutthesuccessfulrulesoftheinfluentialpeopleyouadmire.Thegivenexamplesareforyourreference.PartⅠⅠ

Influentialpeoplealwaysinspireusindifferentways.Watchthevideoandthensharewithyourpartnersaboutthesuccessfulrulesoftheinfluentialpeopleyouadmire.Thegivenexamplesareforyourreference.PartⅠⅡ

Howmanyinfluentialpeopledoyouknowintheworld?Discusswithyourpartnersandlistsomeofthemandtheirachievementsormasterpiecesyouknow.Thegivenexampleisforyourreference.ElonMuskHeisthefounderofSpaceXandcofounderofPayPal,TeslaMotors,andZip2._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SteveJobsHe'saco-founderofApple.BillGatesHe'sthefounderoftheMicrosoftcompany.LionelMessiHe'safamousArgentinefootballplayer.IsaacNewtonHe'safamousphysicist.Albert.EinsteinHewasconsideredthegreatestscientistofthe20thcenturyandoneofthegreatestofalltime.PartⅡStudyFocusPartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingPre-ReadingQuestions:1WhatdoyouknowaboutYuanLongping?2WhatcontributionsdidYuanLongpingmaketoourcountry?PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice1

ChinesechildrenreciteaTangDynastypoemthatcredits1thefarmer’ssweat2andtoil3forthericeontheirplates.Theyshouldalsoacknowledge4

cropscientistYuanLongping,the“fatherofhybridrice”,thehigher-yielding5cropthatfeedsbillions.2WhenMr.YuanLongpingpassedaway

on22May2021attheageof91,inChangsha,HunanProvince,China,thefieldofagriculturalsciencelostatruegiant6.Mr.YuanwasoneofthegreatestagriculturalscientistsofourtimeandaherowhowillbeforeverrememberedinChinaandaroundtheworld.Hedevotedhisentirelifetotheresearchofhybridriceandmadegreatcontributionstoglobalfoodsecurity

andpovertyalleviation.袁隆平：杂交水稻之父1中国的孩子都背诵过一首唐诗，该诗记载着农民用汗水和辛苦劳作换来了盘子里的稻米。而他们还应该感谢一位农业科学家，“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平，他培育出的高产作物养活了数十亿人。22021年5月22日，袁隆平在中国湖南省长沙市逝世，享年91岁，农业科学领域失去了一位真正的巨人。袁老是我们这个时代最伟大的农业科学家之一，是会被中国乃至全世界永远铭记的英雄。他一生致力于杂交水稻的研究，为全球粮食安全和脱贫做出了巨大贡献。★

credit

/ˈkredɪt/v.tobelieveorsaythatsb.isresponsiblefordoingsth.,especiallysth.good认为是……的功劳e.g.Allthecontributorsarecreditedonthetitlepage.所有撰稿人的姓名均刊登在扉页上。

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sweat

/swet/n.dropsofliquidthatappearonthesurfaceofone’sskinwhenhe/sheishot,ill/sickorafraid汗水e.g.Growingyourownvegetablessoundslikealotofsweat.自己种菜吃恐怕很累。★

toil

/tɔɪl/n.hardunpleasantworkthatmakespeopleverytired辛勤劳作e.g.Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.我所能奉献的只有热血、辛劳、眼泪与汗水。

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acknowledge

/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/v.topubliclyexpressthanksforhelpyouhavebeengiven表示感谢；认可（某人的成就、地位或品质）e.g.Igratefullyacknowledgefinancialsupportfromseverallocalbusinesses.我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。

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passaway去世e.g.ItwasthefirsttimethatIfoundlifecouldsoeasilypassaway.那是我第一次发现原来生命可以这样轻易逝去。

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thefieldof

……领域e.g.Confuciuswasapioneerinthefieldofeducation.孔子是教育领域的先驱。

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giant/ˈdʒaɪənt/n.apersonwhoisverygoodatsth.伟人；卓越人物e.g.Heisagiantofamanwithenormouscharisma.他有一个有超凡个人魅力的伟人。

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makegreatcontributionsto为……做出巨大贡献e.g.Theymadegreatcontributionstotheirmotherland.他们为自己的祖国做出了巨大贡献。

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foodsecurity食品安全；粮食安全e.g.Itishightimetoattachmoreimportancetofoodsecurity.现在正是重视对食品安全的时候。

★povertyalleviation脱贫e.g.Thisorganizationhasbeencommittingitselftopovertyalleviation.这个组织一直致力于脱贫。

PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice3YuanbecameoneofChina’smostfamousscientists,risingtodirecttheChinaNationalHybridRiceResearchandDevelopmentCenterinChangsha.WhentheOlympicscametoChinain2008,hecarriedthetorch7.4Askedaboutthesecrettohissuccess,helistedfourfactors:knowledge,hardwork,intuition8andopportunity,quotingLouisPasteur’ssayingthat“chancefavoursthepreparedmind”.3袁隆平是中国最富盛名的科学家之一，并在长沙国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心担任主任一职。2008年中国举办奥运会时，袁隆平是首棒火炬手。4当被问及成功的秘诀时，他列举了四个因素：知识、勤奋、直觉和机遇，并引用了路易斯·巴斯德的名言“机遇只偏爱有准备的头脑”。★

intuition/ˌɪntjuˈɪʃ(ə)n/n.anideaorastrongfeelingthatsth.istruealthoughyoucannotexplainwhy直觉e.g.Herintuitionwastellingherthatsomethingwaswrong.她的直觉告诉她事情有些不对头。

PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice5YuanLongpingwasbornon7September1930inBeiping,asBeijingwascalledatthetime.Hereceivedhisdegreeinagronomy9fromtheSouthwestAgriculturalUniversity(nowSouthwestUniversity)in1953.Subsequently,hebeganhisteachingcareeratAnjiangAgriculturalSchoolinHunanProvince,China.Inthefaceoftheseverefamine10ofthattime,hewasdeterminedtouseagriculturalscienceandtechnologytodefeatthethreatofhunger.Asricewasastaple11cropandhadgreatpotentialforyield12improvement,hebegantostudyricebreeding13

tosolvetheproblemoffoodshortages

inChinaandmanydevelopingcountries.51930年9月7日，袁隆平出生于北平，即现在的北京。1953年，他毕业于西南农业大学（现西南大学），并获得农学学位。随后，他在中国湖南省安江农业学校开始了他的教学生涯。面对当时的严重饥荒，他决心利用农业科学技术来战胜饥饿。由于水稻是（当地）主要作物，而且有很大的增产潜力，所以他开始研究水稻育种，以解决中国和许多发展中国家的粮食短缺问题。★

staple

/ˈsteɪpl/adj.

formingabasic,largeorimportantpartofsth.主要的；基本的e.g.Riceisthestaplefoodofmorethanhalftheworld’spopulation.大米是世界半数以上人口的主食。

★yield

/jiːld/n.

thetotalamountofcrops,profits,etc.thatareproduced产量e.g.Thisyear’syieldofwheatishigherthaneverbefore.今年小麦产量高于往年。

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breeding

/ˈbriːdɪŋ/n.

theproducingofyounganimals,plants,etc.育种；选育e.g.Theinventiondisclosesahigh-efficiencyricebreedingmethod.这项发明公开了一种高效水稻育种方法。

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foodshortages食物短缺e.g.Foodshortagesmayforcetownspeopleintothecountrytogrowtheirownfood.食物短缺可能会迫使城市人口来到乡下自己种植粮食。

PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice6Inthesummerof1961,YuanLongpingunexpectedlyfoundan“outstanding”riceplantwithexcellentcharacteristics(largepaniclesandfullgrains).Aftercarefulanalysis,hesuggestedthatthis“outstanding”ricewasnaturalhybridrice—thereforeproposingthatricecouldbehybridized—whichcastdoubtsonthepopularauthoritativetheorythatself-pollinatedplants,suchasrice,hadnoheterosisandwerenotsuitableforhybridization.InanarticleintheApril1966issueofthepremiersciencejournal,ChineseScienceBulletin,Yuanreportedhisdiscoveryofmale-sterilericeplants.61961年夏天，袁隆平意外发现了一株“鹤立鸡群”的，具有优良性状（圆锥花序大、籽粒饱满）的水稻植株。经过仔细分析，他认为这一株“鹤立鸡群”的水稻是自然杂交水稻，因此提出“水稻可以杂交”。这一想法对当时流行的权威理论——自花授粉植物，如水稻，没有杂种优势，不适合杂交——提出了质疑。1966年4月，在最著名的科学杂志《科学通报》出版的一篇文章中，袁隆平报告了他发现的水稻的雄性不孕性。PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice7YuanLongpinggainedconfidencebecauseofthe

emergence14

ofacleardirectionintheresearchandtheexpertise15onmale-sterile16

phenotype17.Bysuccessfullydevelopingthefirsthybridricevarieties,YuanLongpingmadetremendouscontributions.Theadvent18ofhigh-yieldhybridricegreatlyalleviatedChina’sfoodproblems,increasingtheyieldofconventional19ricebyabout20%.7由于明确了研究方向，并掌握了“雄性不育株”专业知识，袁隆平和他的团队信心大增。而后，袁隆平成功培育出了第一个杂交水稻品种，（为提高水稻产量）做出了巨大的贡献。高产杂交水稻的问世大大缓解了中国的粮食问题，使常规水稻的产量提高了20%左右。★

emergence/ɪˈmɜːdʒəns/n.

theprocessofappearingorbecomingrecognized出现；显现e.g.The1960ssawtheemergenceofmanynewnations.20世纪60年代出现了许多新兴国家。

★expertise/ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/n.

expertknowledgeorskillinaparticularsubject,activityorjob专业知识；专业技能；专长e.g.Idoubthisprofessionalexpertise.我对他的专业知识持怀疑态度。

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advent/ˈædvent/n.thecomingofanimportantevent,person,invention,etc.出现；到来e.g.Withtheadventofspring,everythingcomestolifeagain.随着春天的到来，万物复苏了。

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conventional/kənˈvenʃənl/adj.followingwhatistraditionalorthewaysth.hasbeendoneforalongtime传统的；普通的e.g.conventionalmethods/approaches传统方法

PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice8Aftermakingsignificantprogressinthe1970s,YuanLongpinggenerouslysharedtheresultsofthethree-linemethodwithdomesticandinternationalagronomistsfornoprofit.In1980,hevolunteeredtodonatekeyricevarietiestotheinternationalcommunityandlatertrainedfarmersinAfrica,SoutheastAsia,andSouthAsiatogrowhybridrice.Thehybridricetechnologyhasbeenintroducedandpromotedinmorethan40countriesaroundtheworld,andthecultivated20

areaoutsideChinahasattained9millionhectares21.

820世纪70年代，在杂交水稻研究取得重大进展后，袁隆平慷慨地将三系法育种的研究成果无偿分享给了国内外农学家。1980年，他主动向国际社会捐赠主要杂交水稻品种，后来又培训非洲、东南亚、南亚等地的农民种植杂交水稻。杂交水稻技术已在全球40多个国家推广，除中国以外，其种植面积已达到900万公顷。★

cultivated/ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪd/adj.grownonafarm,etc.inordertobesold（土地）用于耕作的e.g.90%ofthelandiscultivated.90%的土地是可耕种的。

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attain/əˈteɪn/adj.toreachaparticularage,levelorcondition达到（某年龄、水平、状况）e.g.Thecheetahcanattainspeedsofupto97kph.猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达97公里。

PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice9YuansawagricultureashisvocationandcontinuedvisitingtheHainanresearchstationuntilhehadafallinMarch,2021.Theonlyconcession22hemadetooldagewasdrivingtothefields,insteadofwalkingorbicyclingasearlierinlife.Tothelast,heexpressedoptimismintheendlesspossibilitiesofscienceandtechnology,andthatthenextyieldincrease,withthepotentialtocontributetoworldfoodsecurityandpeace,iswithinreach.9袁隆平将农学视为自己的事业，并一直在（国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心）海南基地做研究，直到2021年3月摔伤。他晚年唯一一次妥协就是开车去田间，而不是像年轻时那样步行或骑自行车前往。直到生命的最后一刻，他还表达了对科学和技术无限可能性的乐观态度，并表示下一次增产就在眼前，而且可能会对世界粮食安全与和平也有所贡献。★

concession/kənˈseʃn/n.somethingthatyouallowordo,orallowsb.tohave,inordertoendanargumentortomakeasituationlessdifficult让步；妥协e.g.winaconcessionfromsb.取得某人的让步amajor/animportantconcession重大让步

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asearlier与先前一样e.g.Gettingthedataisthesameasearlier.获取数据的方法与之前相同。

PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice10YuanLongpinghaswonnumeroustitlesandawardsthroughouthislife,butthesewerenothispursuits.Ina2019interviewwithChinaCentralTelevision,hesaidthathehadtwodreams:onewas“forsuperricetogrowtallerthansorghum23,withthestems24

ofeachearaslongasabroom25,andeachgrainasbigasapeanut26”,sohecould“enjoythecoolunderneath27thericecrops”;theotherwasfor“hybridricetobegrownallovertheworld”.Fordecades,Mr.Yuanandcountlessresearchersworkedhardtorealizethesedreams.10袁隆平一生中获得了无数的头衔和奖项，但这些都不是他追求的。在2019年中国中央电视台采访中，袁隆平表示他有两个梦想：一个是“水稻长得有高粱那么高，穗子像扫把那么长，颗粒像花生那么大”，这样他就可以“禾下乘凉”；另一个是“杂交水稻覆盖全球”。数十年来，袁老和无数科研人员都在为实现这两个梦想而努力。★

stem

/stem/n.themainlongthinpartofaplantabovethegroundfromwhichtheleavesorflowersgrow;asmallerpartthatgrowsfromthisandsupportsflowersorleaves茎e.g.Themainstemwillextendto12ftiflefttodevelopnaturally.如果让自然生长，其主干会长到12英尺高。

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underneath/ˌʌndəˈniːθ/

prep.

underorbelowsth.else,especiallywhenitishiddenorcoveredbythethingontop在……下面e.g.Thespaceunderneathcouldbeusedasastoragearea.下面的空间可被用作一个储藏区。

PartⅡTextAIntensiveReadingYuanLongping:FatherofHybridRice11Mr.YuanLongpinggeneratedhigh-yieldhybridricebyproposingplantgenetictheoriesandachievingpracticalfieldproduction.Hisbreakthroughboostedthedevelopmentandapplicationofhigh-yieldhybridrice,andimportantcontributionswerealsomadebymanyothertalentedriceresearchers.Mr.Yuan’slegacyisnotonlytheprogressofhybridrice—hiscuriosity,devotion,courage,perseverance28,diligence,cooperationandselflessness29haveleftanindelible30

spiritual31

wealthtousall.(755words)11袁隆平先生提出植物遗传理论，并结合田间实际生产，研究出了高产杂交水稻。他的这一突破促进了高产杂交水稻的开发和食用，其他许多优秀的水稻研究人员也对此做出了重要贡献。袁老留下的不仅是杂交水稻技术上的进步，他的好奇心、奉献精神、勇气、毅力、勤奋、协作和无私也是留给我们不可磨灭的精神财富。★

perseverance/ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/

n.thequalityofcontinuingtotrytoachieveaparticularaimdespitedifficulties毅力；不屈不挠的精神e.g.Theonlywaytoimproveisthroughhardworkanddoggedperseverance.要更上一层楼，唯一的途径就是艰苦奋斗，不屈不挠。

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selflessness

/ˈselfləsnəs/

n.

thequalityofunselfishconcernforthewelfareofothers无私e.g.Anotherimportantqualitytolookforafriendisselflessness.交朋友的另一个重要品质是无私。

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spiritual/ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/

adj.

connectedwiththehumanspirit,ratherthanthebodyorphysicalthings精神的；心灵的e.g.We’reconcernedaboutyourspiritualwelfare.我们担心你的心理健康。

PartⅡProperNames1TangDynasty 唐代2LouisPasteur 路易斯·巴斯德，法国微生物学家、化学家，近代微生物学的奠基人3ChinaNationalHybridRiceResearchandDevelopmentCenter

中国杂交水稻国家研究工程技术中心4SouthwestAgriculturalUniversity

西南农业大学，2005年与西南师范大学合并组建西南大学5SouthwestUniversity 西南大学6AnjiangAgriculturalSchool 安江农业学校，2003年与怀化机电工程学校合并，升格组建

成湖南省怀化职业技术学院7SoutheastAsia 东南亚地区8SouthAsia 南亚地区9ChinaCentralTelevision 中国中央电视台，2018年3月，中国中央电视台、中央人民广

播电台、中国国际广播电台组建中央广播电视总台PartⅡNotes1TheyshouldalsoacknowledgecropscientistYuanLongping,“thefatherofhybridrice”,thehigher-yieldingcropthatfeedsbillions.(Para.1)

他们还应该感谢被称为“杂交水稻之父”的农业科学家袁隆平研发了杂交水稻这种高产农作物，养活了数十亿人。“thefatherofhybridrice”为同位语，对YuanLongping进行补充说明；thehigher-yieldingcropthatfeedsbillions也是同位语，对hybridrice进行解释说明；“thatfeedsbillions”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词crop。PartⅡNotes

Asricewasastaplecropandhadgreatpotentialforyieldimprovement,hebegantostudyricebreedingtosolvetheproblemoffoodshortagesinChinaandmanydevelopingcountries.(Para.5)由于水稻是主要农作物，具有很大的增产潜力，他开始研究水稻育种，以解决中国和许多发展中国家的粮食短缺问题。“Asricewas...yieldimprovement”是as引导的原因状语从句；developingcountries的意思是“发展中国家”。PartⅡExercisesComprehensionⅠ

ThefollowingchartisChusovitina’ssevenOlympicsrecord.Readthetextcarefullyandfillintheblank.Paras.1-4YuanLongpingwillbeforeverrememberedforhiscontributionstotheworld.Paras.5-9ThereasonYuanwhyLongpingbegantostudyricebreedingandthecontributionshemadetotheworld.Paras.10-11TwodreamsofYuanLongpingandMr.Yuan’slegacytous.PartⅡⅡAnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonTextA.1

WhendidYuanLongpingpassaway?Mr.YuanLongpingpassedawayon22May2021.2

WhydidYuanLongpingstudyhybridriceatthebeginning?HebegantostudyricebreedingtosolvetheproblemoffoodshortagesinChinaandmanydevelopingcountries.PartⅡⅡAnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonTextA.3WhendidYuanLongpingfindan“outstanding”riceplantwithexcellentcharacteristics?Inthesummerof1961.4WhatcontributiondidYuanLongpingmaketotheworld?Hebredhybridriceandintroducedandpromotedthehybridricetechnologyinmorethan40countriesaroundtheworld,whichhelpedsolvetheproblemofglobalfoodsecurityandpovertyalleviation.PartⅡⅢDiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.1WhatdoesYuanLongping’sstorymeantoyou?2AreyouinspiredbyYuanLongping?Inwhatway?PartⅡⅣReadtheparagraph10thaloudandreciteit.YuanLongpinghaswonnumeroustitlesandawardsthroughouthislife,butthesewerenothispursuits.Ina2019interviewwithChinaCentralTelevision,hesaidthathehadtwodreams:onewas“forsuperricetogrowtallerthansorghum,withthestemsofeachearaslongasabroom,andeachgrainasbigasapeanut”,sohecould“enjoythecoolunderneaththericecrops”;theotherwasfor“hybridricetobegrownallovertheworld”.Fordecades,Mr.Yuanandcountlessresearchersworkedhardtorealizethesedreams.PartⅡExercisesLanguageFocusWordstoPracticeacknowledgeunderneathyieldexpertisecultivatedemergencecreditgiantstapleintuition1Peopleinthistown___________mainlyriceandbeans.2Alltheapplicantsfortheposthadtherelevant___________todothejob.3Igratefully_______________financialsupportfromseverallocalbusinesses.4Theaveragemilk_____________percowhasdoubled.5Theyexplorethe___________ofanindustrialmachine.6Hertactand___________neverfailed.7Itiswell-knownthatbambooshootsareapanda’s____________diet.8YuanLongpingwillberememberedasatrue____________inthefieldofagriculturalscience.9Thecompanyis__________withinventingtheindustrialrobot.10Theballrolled_____________thetable.cultivateFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheform(s)wherenecessary.expertiseacknowledgeyieldemergenceintuitionstaplegiantcredite

underneathPartⅡExpressionstoPracticeFillintheblankswiththeexpressionsgivenbelow.Changetheform(s)wherenecessary.passaway makegreatcontributionsto foodsecurityfoodshortage fornoprofit1Hestartedthenewbusiness__________________.2“__________________”isaeuphemism(委婉说法)for“die”.3Ifthecropsfail,therewillbeaserious__________________.4__________________hasbecomeacriticalissue.5He______________________________theinventionofthecomputer.fornoprofitPassaway foodshortageFoodsecuritymakesgreatcontributionstoPartⅡWordBuildingⅠ

FindthewordlegendaryinTextA.Doyouknowthemeaningofthesuffix-ary?Lookatthefollowingwords,andthenformnewwordsbyaddingormoving-ary.1determine __________________ 2gift ________________3delighted __________________ 4frighten ________________5interest __________________ 6excited ________________determined gifteddelightfrightenedinterestedexcite

PartⅡWordBuildingⅡ

Fillintheblankswiththenewly-formedwordsinExerciseI.Changetheform(s)wherenecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1 Iwasvery______________andclingingonlikemad.2 Hisattitudesuggeststhatheisn’treally________________.3 Witha_______________effort,theyfinishedthethree-daytaskinasingleday.4 Sherubbedherhandsin______________.5 Heisaconfidentand_______________Chinesephotographer.6 Activeprojectsthatstill______________youandhaveapurpose.frightenedinteresteddetermineddelightgifted excitePartⅡWordBuildingⅢ

FindthewordnaturalinTextA.Doyouknowthemeaningoftheaffix-al?Lookatthefollowingwords,andthenformnewwordsbyaddingormoving-al.1 convention________________ 2person _________________3 regional ________________ 4exception _________________5 music ________________ 6refusal _________________conventionalpersonalregionexceptionalmusicalrefusePartⅡWordBuildingⅣFillintheblankswiththenewly-formedwordsinExerciseIII.Changetheform(s)wherenecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1Doctorshavetolaytheir______________feelingsasideduringtheirwork.2I________________tocompromisemyprinciples.3Theirtechnicalabilityis_______________.4Inmanycompanies,the__________________formoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams.5Shewasbornintoa_______________family.6This_______________issteepedintradition.personalrefuse

exceptionalconventionalmusicalregionPartⅡFillintheblanksbyselectingsuitablewordsfromthewordbank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsmorethanonce.StephenWilliamHawkingisoneoftheworld’sleadingtheoretical1.Hewasbornon8January1942(300yearsafterthedeathofGalileo)inOxford,England.AtelevenStephenwenttoSt.Albansschool,andthenontoUniversityCollege,Oxford,hisfather’soldcollege.StephenwantedtodoMathematics,althoughhisfatherwouldhave2medicine.Mathematicswasnot3atUniversityCollege,sohedidPhysicsinstead.Afterthreeyearsandnotverymuchworkhewasawardedafirst-classhonours4inNaturalScience.StephenthenwentontoCambridgetodoresearchinCosmology(宇宙学),therebeingnooneworkinginthatareainOxfordatthetime.

IphysicistsBankedClozeAnecessaryBtheoreticalCpreferredDboundaryEdegreeFemitGavailableHdisappearIphysicistsJdisease

Cpreferred

Gavailable

EdegreePartⅡStephenHawkinghasworkedonthebasiclawswhichgoverntheuniverse.WithRogerPenroseheshowedthatEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityimpliedspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangandanendinblackholes.Theseresultsindicateditwas5tounifyGeneralRelativitywithQuantumTheory.Oneconsequenceofsuchaunificationhediscoveredwasthatblackholesshouldnotbecompletelyblack,butshould6radiationandeventuallyevaporateand7.Anotherconjectureisthattheuniversehasnoedgeor8inimaginarytime.Thiswouldimplythatthewaytheuniversebeganwascompletelydeterminedbythelawsofscience.Hawkinghasamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),aneuromuscular9thatgraduallyparalysedhim.Henowcommunicatesusingasinglecheekmuscleattachedtoaspeech-generatingdevice.StephenHawkingcontinuestocombinefamilylifeandhisresearchinto10physicstogetherwithanextensiveprogrammeoftravelandpubliclectures.

AnecessaryBankedCloze

Femit

Hdisappear

Dboundary

Jdisease

BtheoreticalPartⅡTranslationⅠTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontothewordsorphrasesinbold.Mr.YuanwasoneofthegreatestagriculturalscientistsofourtimeandaherowhowillbeforeverrememberedinChinaandaroundtheworld._____________________________________________________________________________Askedaboutthesecrettohissuccess,helistedfourfactors:knowledge,hardwork,intuitionandopportunity,quotingLouisPasteur’ssayingthat“chancefavoursthepreparedmind”.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bysuccessfullydevelopingthefirsthybridricevarieties,YuanLongpingmadetremendouscontributions.______________________________________________________________________________袁老是我们这个时代最伟大的农业科学家之一，是会被中国乃至全世界永远铭记的英雄。当被问及成功的秘诀时，他列举了四个因素：知识、勤奋、直觉和机遇，并引用了路易斯·巴斯德的名言“机遇只偏爱那些有准备的头脑”。袁隆平成功培育出了第一个杂交水稻品种，做出了巨大的贡献。PartⅡTranslationThehybridricetechnologyhasbeenintroducedandpromotedinmorethan40countriesaroundtheworld,andthecultivatedareaoutsideChinahasattained9millionhectares.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YuanLongpinghaswonnumeroustitlesandawardsthroughouthislife,butthesewerenothispursuits.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________杂交水稻技术已在全球40多个国家推广，除中国以外，其种植面积已达到900万公顷。袁隆平一生中获得了无数的头衔和奖项，但这些都不是他追求的。ⅠTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontothewordsorphrasesinbold.PartⅡⅡTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesinbrackets.1袁隆平的杂交水稻研究让他成了一名民族英雄。（hybridrice）____________________________________________________________________________________________________2水稻是中国人最重要的主食之一。（staple）____________________________________________________________________________________________________3这不是什么秘密，袁隆平的经历可以概括为：好奇心、有奉献精神、勇气、毅力、勤奋、合作和无私。（curiosity,devotion,courage,diligence,cooperation）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4比尔•盖茨是微软公司的创始人。（founder）____________________________________________________________________________________________________5斯蒂芬•霍金是为数不多的科学名人之一。（celebrity）____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yuan’sresearchonhybridricehasmadehimanationalhero.RiceisoneofthemostimportantstaplefoodsforChinesepeople.ItisnosecretthatYuanLongping’sexperiencecanbesummarizedascuriosity,devotion,courage,diligenceandcooperation.BillGatesisthefounderofMicrosoft.StephenHawkingisararecelebrityscientist.PartⅡⅢTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.屠呦呦，女，1930年12月30日生，药学家，从事中药和中西药结合研究，突出贡献是创制新型抗疟药——青蒿素和双氢青蒿素。2011年9月，获得被誉为诺贝尔奖“风向标”的拉斯克奖。2015年10月，因发现青蒿素治疗疟疾的新疗法获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖项的中国本土科学家、第一位获得诺贝尔生理医学奖的华人科学家。2016年4月21日，屠呦呦入选《时代周刊》公布的2016年度“全球最具影响力人物”。（参考词汇：药学家pharmacognosist；疟疾malaria；青蒿素artemisinim；双氢青蒿素dihydroartemisinim；拉斯克奖LaskerReward）PartⅡⅢTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.YouyouTu,female,borninDec.30th1930,pharmacognosist,workingonthejointo