加拿大与第一次世界大战6

Canada&World

War

ICanadian

History

11HTTP://WWW.YOU

UBE.COM/WATCH?V=ZW9UONMP7QI&FEATURE=RELAT

EDNo.

2

Construction

Battalion

When

WWI

broke

out

Blacks

attempted

to

join

the

military

but

they

wererejected.

There

was

a

resistance

and

reluctance

on

the

part

of

the

Canadian

militaryaccept

blacks

into

the

armed

forces.

They

did

not

think

that

white

soldierwanted

to

fight

along

side

black

soldiers.

The

white

officers

had

the

mentality

that

this

was

a

“white

man’s

war”.were

in

charge

of

choosing

who

was

allowed

in,

therefore

many

Blacks

werenot

allowed

in.

“We

don’t

want

a

checker

board

Army”No.

2

Construction

Battalion

Black

Leaders

started

to

put

pressure

on

the

government

to

form

an

all

blacbattalion.In

1916,

The

No.

2

Construction

Battalionwasformed.No.

2

Construction

Battalion

The

No.

2

Construction

Battalion

wasthe

first

andonly

all

Black

Battalion.

There

were

approximately1000

men

in

thisbattalion.

500

of

the

men

were

from

Nova

Scotia.Later

some

Americans

joined.It

was

based

out

of

Truro/Pictou.

From

1917-1919

they

spent

time

building

railroadsfor

the

final

attacks

against

Germany.

They

were

not

allowed

to

fight

but

rather

help

make

fighting

easier

for

whites

with

construction.They

did

meet

many

important

needs

of

the

war.i.e.

providing

lumber

to

reinforce

the

trenches.Notable

People

Tommy

Ricketts

from

NFLD

was

the

youngest

man

to

win

theVictoria

Cross.

He

joined

the

army

at

14

years

of

age

in

1916and

wasrecognized

for

a

battle

in

1917.

Francis

Pegahamagabow

was

the

most

decorated

Aboriginalsoldier

in

WWI.Life

in

the

TrenchesTrench

foot

=

rooting

of

the

flesh

between

the

toesTrench

Mouth

=

Painful

infection

of

the

gumsBody

lice

lived

in

the

mud-cakeduniformsRats

fed

off

the

garbage

and

human

wasteMen

were

shell-shocked

Land

between

the

trenches

was

called

“No

Man’sLand”

1915

Christmas

Eve,

Canadianand

German

soldierssang

Silent

Night

across

No

Man’s

LandHTTP://WWW.YOU

UBE.COM/WATCH?V=RRV56GSQKZS&FEATURE=RELATE

DHTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SS1DO0JC2EE&NR=1Battle

at

Ypres:

1915Belgium

The

task

was

to

hold

3.5

km

of

linein

face

of

German

attack.Germans

used

Chlorine

gas5200

Canadian

deaths

1

out

5

killed

in

action,

gassed,missing

or

woundedBattle

of

Somme:

1916

Troops

from

NFLD

were

involved.

90%were

killed

or

wounded.

Faced

strong

German

line

that

used

machineguns

at

Beamont

Hamel141

days

Canadians

fought

so

heroically

they

becameknown

as

Storm

Troops24,000

Canadian

casualtiesBritish

only

advanced

11kmTanks

were

used

for

the

1st

timeHTTP://WWW.YOU

UBE.COM/WATCH?V=-

TV5GBA9DQS&FEATURE=RELATEDHTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SMZ3ITIJ6_CHTTP://WWW.YOU

UBE.COM/WATCH?V=F5CQYOC05ZY&FEATURE=RELATE

DWar

in

the

Air

Germans

had

the

most

aircraft

(400)compared

to

British

(113)

and

the

French(156)

Manfred

von

Richthofen

(Red

Baron)

wasthe

most

famous

German

flyer

of

WWI.

He

was

shot

down

by

Canadian

Roy

Brown.

Gas-balloons

=

Zepplin

Dirigibles(airships)

were

used

as

observationmissions

and

bombing

raids

Most

famous

Canadian

pilots

were

theBlack

Flight,

who

shot

down

10

Germanplanes

in

1

day

in

1917.Billy

Bishop

Canada’s

most

famous

ace

(shot

down

5enemy

planes)was

Billy

Bishop.

He

shot

down

a

German

plane

on

hisfirst

day.

During

a

5

day

period,

he

shot

down

13planes.

He

could

hardly

land,

but

was

knownfor

his

shooting

abilities.He

won

the

Victoria

Cross

He

became

the

Director

of

Recruitingfor

the

Royal

Canadian

Air

Force

inWWII.HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=V_TUZNBOZ4CBattles

at

Sea

The

German

U-boat

(submarine)

was

the

deadliestweapon.

On

average

it

sank

160

ships

per

month

May

1915:

The

British

passenger

liner

Lusitania

wascrossing

the

Atlantic.

It

was

torpedoed

and

1098

peopledrowned.

There

were

Americans

on

board

and

thisincident

broughtthe

USA

into

the

war.

1917

Germany

introduced

a

policy

of

unrestrictedsubmarine

warfare.

This

meant

U-boats

would

sink

anyallied

or

neutral

ship;

not

just

warships.

Convoy

system

=

ships

sailed

in

fleets

and

escorted

byarmed

destroyers.

Canadian

shipyards

built

ships

and

1000s

of

Canadiansjoined

the

British

Royal

Navy

and

Royal

Naval

CanadianVolunteer

Service

and

Royal

Naval

Air

ServiceHalifax

was

an

important

naval

base

during

WWI

In

Bedford

Basin,

at

the

upper

end

of

the

harbour,

convoysassembled

for

the

dangerous

trip

across

the

North

Atlanticcarrying

troops

and

supplies.

At

8:45,onDec.6th,

1917,

theFrenchmunitions

ship,

theMontBlanc

collided

with

the

Imo,

a

steamer

heading

outto

sea

with

supplies

for

Belgium.

The

Mont

Blanc

caught

fire.

Unable

to

sink

the

ship,

thecrew

abandoned

it

and

made

for

the

Dartmouth

shore.

At

9:05,

the

Mont

Blanc

exploded

with

such

force

that

thenorthern

part

of

the

city

wasflattened

and

the

airwas

filledwith

flying

glass

and

debris.HALIFAX

EXPLOSION

1917HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=8OARR6A-GKA

Wind