2019外研社版高中英语必修二Unit 6 Earth first 知识清单(学生版)

阅读单词认读sharkn.finv.n.sustainableadj.bulbn.renewableadj.carbonn.reusableadj.brochuren.solaradj.sliden.stand­byadj.moden.appliancen.plugn.litren.重点单词识记v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水v.把……作为目标n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度n.海洋,大海v.使……突出;使注意力集中于n.打猎,狩猎n.(野生生物)保护区n.员工v.建立,设立v.破损,损害,损伤n.旱灾,干旱n.洪水,水灾n.煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)v.使恢复v.采取(某种方法);收养,领养n.温室,暖房v.减少,降低v.释放,排放n.烟雾,雾霾adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的n.(尤指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲n.数量,数额n.设备,仪器,装置v.(使)漏,(使)渗漏v.移走,搬走,去掉;移除n.(宣传)活动n.(工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅adj.平均(数)的核心词汇拓展__________v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→__________adj.害怕的;惊恐的→__________adj.恐怖的__________adv.幸运地→__________adj.幸运的→__________adj.不幸的→__________adv.不幸地__________n.灭绝,绝种→__________adj.灭绝的__________v.致力,献身,倾注→__________adj.挚爱的;投入的→__________n.致力;献身__________n.残忍,残酷,残暴→__________adj.残忍的;残酷的→__________adv.残忍地;残酷地__________n.报告;(观点的)陈述,说明;介绍;展示→__________vt.颁发;出示;赠送;呈递n.礼物adj.现在的;出席的;目前的__________________________________________________n.雾→__________adj.多雾的;有雾的__________n.感染,传染病→__________v.传染→__________adj.传染的;传染性的__________n.允许,许可→__________v.允许,许可;使有可能n.许可证__________n.多数;大多数(人或物)→__________adj.主要的;重要的vi.主修n.主修课程__________adj.假的;不正确的,错误的→__________n.过错;缺陷__________n.电;电能→__________adj.电的;带电的→__________adj.电子的__________v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促n.强烈的欲望;迫切要求→__________adj.紧急的;急迫的→__________n.紧急;急迫__________adj.焦急的,担忧的→__________v.(使)担忧;涉及;与……有关n.担忧,忧虑→__________prep.关于;就……而言__________v.促成,造成(某事发生);贡献,捐献→__________n.贡献核心短语速记duetotake...intoaccount害怕地害怕……把……切断对……有影响把……看作theotherwayround把……误当作……breakdown常识采取措施号召circumstancen.情况;形势;环境civiladj.公民的;国内的civilizationn.文明;教化classicadj.经典的n.经典著作;名著classicaladj.传统的;古典的clarifyvt.澄清;阐明classifyvt.分类clumsyadj.笨拙的coincidencen.碰巧;巧合colleaguen.同事combinevt.使联合;使结合commandn.&vt.命令;指挥Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.(形容词短语作状语)有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。In1980,Benchleywasdivingwhenhecameacrossanawfulsight.(bedoing...when...)在1980年,本奇利正在潜水,这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。Today,aswelearnmoreaboutsharks,morepeoplethaneverwanttoprotectthemfromextinction.(as引导时间状语从句)时至今日,随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深,越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown,butmuchlesstimeforpaper.(Ittakes/took...sometimetodo...)塑料的分解需要数百年的时间,而纸的降解时间要短得多。However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.(倍数表达法)然而,生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的四倍,耗水则多达三倍。Tomakesureyourapplianceisinfactoff,removetheplugfromitspowersupply.(不定式作目的状语)为确保你的电器设备彻底关闭,请从电源上拔下电器插头。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。damage,majority,dueto,takesteps,severeManyrareanimalsarefacedwithextinction1.__________humanactivities.Besides,withmoreandmorecarbondioxidereleased,theenvironmenthasgot2.__________andgreenhouseeffectoccurs.Plus,3.__________droughtandsmogaroundtheworldhighlighttheurgeto4.__________toprotecttheenvironment.Fortunately,peoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofsustainabledevelopmentandadoptedsomemeasures.Manygovernmentsandpeoplecontributetoreducingpollution.Also,wefindmanynaturalreservesestablished.A5.__________ofscientistsaredevotedtomakingthemostofsolarenergy.Allinall,itwillbebetterandbetter.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇scarevt.惊吓;使害怕;使(某人)惊恐,吓唬vi.受惊吓(scaryadj.吓人的;恐怖的scaredadj.恐惧的;惊恐的)scaresbintodoingsth恐吓某人做某事scare...away/off把……吓跑bescaredtodosth＝bescaredofdoingsth害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb/sth害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath吓得要死Shewasscared__________(dive)intothedeepwaterbecausethereweremanydangerouscreatures.Shewasscaredof__________(walk)homealoneinthefog,soshecalledataxi.当我意识到那头熊回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月,读后续写)WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus,I.没有保罗的好心帮忙,Mac决不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。(读后续写之场景描写)Maccouldbynomeanswithbarehandswithoutthehelpofkind­heartedPaul.devotevt.致力,献身,倾注;致力于;专心致志于;把……用于(devotedadj.挚爱的;投入的;忠实的,忠诚的;献身的devotionn.献身;奉献;关爱;忠诚)devote...to(doing)sth把……用在/献给(做)某事上devoteoneselftodoingsth献身于/致力于做某事bedevotedto(doing)sth献身于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事Thoughyoung,Cathydevotedherselfto__________(reduce)pollution.Weadmireherforher__________(devote)togivinglecturesaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Idevotedmyselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(应用文写作之申请信),Iwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作状语改写),Iwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)affectv.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染(affectionn.喜欢;喜爱;感情effectn.作用;影响)beaffectedby受……的影响;被……感动beaffectedwith感染……疾病haveaneffect/influenceon/upon对……产生影响have/feelaffectionfor喜爱,钟爱Thoughaffected__________akindofseveredisease,hecontinuedwithhiswork.Theaudienceweredeeplyaffectedbythefilm,andtheycouldn’tholdbacktears.我深爱我的妈妈,她的言行对我有积极的影响。(应用文写作之人物介绍)Imymum,whosewordsandactionsme.permissionn.允许,许可,批准;许可证(permitvt.&vi.允许,许可,准许;使有可能)asksbforpermission＝askpermissionfromsb请求某人许可with/without(one’s)permission得到/未经(某人的)允许permitsbtodosth允许某人做某事permit(doing)sth允许(做)某事Toprotectthewildanimals,peoplearenotpermitted__________(gain)accesstonaturalreserves.Theclub’srulesdon’tpermit__________(leak)personalinformation.Inthelab,thestudentscan’ttouchelectricaldeviceswithouttheteacher’s__________(permit).如果天气允许,比赛将于下午2点在我校体育馆举行,持续约3小时。,thecompetitiontobeheldinourschoolstadiumwillbeginat2pmandlastforroughly3hours.averageadj.平均(数)的;正常的;普通的n.平均数;平均水平above/belowtheaverage高于/低于平均水平onaverage平均;一般地theaverageof...……的平均数__________average,75speciesfaceextinctionperday.近年来,电子设备的平均数量急剧上升,使我们能够在线学习。(2021·全国乙,书面表达)inrecentyears,makingitpossibleforustostudyonline.我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师,他的教学水平远远高于平均水平。他中等身材,戴着一副眼镜。(2020·全国Ⅰ,书面表达)ThepersonIrespectmostismyChineseteacher.Heis____________________andwearsapairofglasses.形容词短语作状语Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。形容词(短语)作状语：说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时,主语所处的状态。表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。__________(concern)abouttheenvironmentalproblemofourcountry,theauthorityencouragesthecompaniestomakeuseofsolarenergy.__________(scare)ofthefiercewolf,thechildfrozeonthespot,unabletoutteraword.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Iwasafraidoffailingtofindourwaytothefarm.Isatbesideatreeandheldmyshouldersinmyarmstightly.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)→,Isatbesideatreeandheldmyshouldersinmyarmstightly.(形容词短语作状语)倍数表达法However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.然而,生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的四倍,耗水则多达三倍。倍数的表达方式：A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋BA＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋BA＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋BA＋be＋倍数＋what从句这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在,我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowournewschooliswhatitwastenyearsago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as)Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowournewschooliswhatitwastenyearsago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than)Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowournewschoolis__________________whatitwastenyearsago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of)(2022·全国乙)FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.2016年4月首次宣布,该税收适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料,以帮助减少儿童肥胖。(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ)Idecidedtodosomethingtoeducatepeopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.关于这个问题我决定做一些事情来教育人们。我在学校做演讲,教授孩子们有关塑料垃圾的一些问题。(2021·全国Ⅱ)Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.由于照顾它们需要大量的精力,好多事情很快就变得非常紧张。(2020·天津7月)Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice.他拿出一个特殊的装置,指向嫌疑人,然后打开它。那个小偷倒在了地上。这种新武器被称为远程定向声波发射器。(2019·江苏)However,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinctionofthispreciousspecies.然而,这两位动物园管理员并不想看到这个珍贵物种的灭绝。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍lectureA.n.讲座；演讲B.n.教训C.vt.训斥Whatmakesmeannoyedisthatheisalwayslecturingmeaboutmybehavior.Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtodeliveralecturewhichisdesignedforseniorthreestudents.(应用文写作之演讲稿)_____averageA.n.平均水平B.v.平均为C.adj.平均的D.adj.普通的DriversinLondoncanexpecttoaverageabout12milesperhour.TheaverageAmericanhasnoteventhoughtaboutnextyear’selection.Accordingtothestatistics,onaverage,apersonproducesabout2kilogramsofgarbageperday.Theageofthecandidatesrangedfrom29to49withanaverageageof37.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Theband’sfirstalbumisdueforreleaselaterthismonth.Thesalesmanagerwillgiveapresentationonthenewproducts.Policehavereleasednofurtherdetailsabouttheaccident.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识__________average,Americanfirmsremainthemostproductiveintheworld.Onemusttaketheroute__________accountwhentravellinginaremoteplace.Nomatterhowcloseyouarewithyourfriends,youcan’tusetheirarticles__________permission.Theywereallscared__________deathwhentheyfoundtheirneighbourshadaninfection.Donationsfrombillionsofpeoplecontributed__________therecoveryoftheflood­hitarea.Largeamountsofmoney__________(spend)onthebridgebeyondthebudgetlastyear.Nowadaysmanyschoolchildrendevotetoomuchtimeto__________(play)computergames.Thishallisfivetimes__________(big)thanourclassroomaccordingtotheresultofmeasure.Itisdangerousforustothrowradioactive(放射性的)wasteaboutinourlifebecauseitdoesdamage__________water.Toherdelight,shereducedherweight__________6kilos__________40kilos.单句写作——应用文增分练(邀请留学生朋友加入校乒乓球队)随着学习压力越来越大,我们锻炼的时间越来越少。(as引导时间状语从句)我们把所有的业余时间都用在打乒乓球上,并代表学校参加了许多比赛。(devoteone’stimeto)打乒乓球不仅能缓解我的压力,还能保持我的身体健康。(reduce)要报名加入团队,你可以从我们学校的网站下载申请表,填好并在7月28日之前通过电子邮件发送给我。(不定式作目的状语)微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]心理描写scarev.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→scaredadj.害怕的concernedadj.焦急的,担忧的动作描写divev.潜水devotev.致力,献身,倾注highlightv.使……突出damagev.破损,损害,损伤affectv.影响releasev.释放,排放leakv.(使)漏,(使)渗漏urgev.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促contributeto促成;造成描述性词汇crueltyn.残忍,残酷,残暴→crueladj.残忍的;残酷的fortunatelyadv.幸运地[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇,完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。(在丈夫和女儿的影响下克服恐高心理)桥的高度让我非常害怕,我双腿发抖。深受小女儿的影响,我低声对自己说：“勇敢是最重要的品质。”身边的丈夫很担心我,一直抓着我的胳膊。我力劝自己树立信心,释放压力,然后走到了22米高的吊桥上。幸运的是,我不再恐惧。是女儿的勇敢帮助了我,并促进了我的成功。______________________________,mylegstrembled.______________________________,Iwhisperedtomyself,“Braverywasthemostsignificantquality.”Myhusbandbesideme____________________,grabbingmyarmallthetime.________________________________________,Ireleasedmypressureandwalkedonthe22­meter­highsuspensionbridge.Fortunately,Iwasnolongerovercomebyfear.Itwasmydaughter’sbraverythathelpedmeand____________________.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分,共20分)Heis__________totheresearchandhis__________totheworkleadstohissuccess.(devote)Seeingthe__________bear,wewere__________.Luckily,someadultsmanagedto__________thebeastoff.(scare)Withouttheteachers’__________,nooneis__________togointothechemistrylab.(permit)AsfarasI’m__________,weshouldbeawarethatourparentsare__________notonlyaboutoursafety,butalsosomematters__________ourgrowth.(concern)150to200speciesarebecoming__________everyyear.Thismass__________iscausedbyhunting.(extinct)Thisdiseasei