英汉翻译讲义第七增补省略与重复

AdditionStructuralAdditionSemanticAdditionRhetoricalAdditionStructuralAdditionWewon’tretreat;weneverhaveandneverwill.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。Theyhaveourinterestatheartaswehavetheirs.他们关心我们的利益，我们也关心他们的利益。SupplyingwordsomittedorsubstitutedintheoriginalSupplyingwordsnecessaryinstructureorcollocationofthetargettext:Youcannotbuildaship,ahouse,oramachinetoolifyoudonotknowhowtomakeorreadadesign.如果不懂得制图或不懂图纸，就不能造船、盖房子或制造机床。Hewasaquietandthoughtfulman.他举止文雅，待人体贴。Principles:Semanticandstructuralrequirementofthetargetlanguageinexpression!SemanticAddition补充辅助性名词、动词以及概括性的词增加辅助性动词：Intheevening,aferthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后的公报。Thiswasarecordincrease.Weadviseanimmediatedecision.Decision—makedecision.增加概括性的词ThisreportsummedupthenewachievementsmadebySiemensinhomeappliances,medicalequipmentandcommunicationfacilities.这篇报告总结了西门子在家用电器、医疗器械及通讯设施这三方面的新成就。Theprincipalfunctionsthatmaybeperformedbyvacuumtubesarerectification,amplification,oscillation,modulation,anddetection.真空管的五大职能是：整流、放大、振荡、调制和检波。增加解释性词语HereenthusiastscanenjoythefantasticexperiencebroughtaboutbyournewPorsches.在这里，车迷们将会体验全系新款保时捷跑车所带来的震撼感受。HaveyougotaniPhoneyet?You’renotRobinsonCrusoe.You’renotalone,sodon’tbesodamnedselfish.你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁宾逊，不要事事只为自己打算。PresidentHuwaswinedanddinedbyObama.RhetoricalAdditionThehostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talkedandlaughed.主人割、倒、端、切面包、说和笑。主人割肉呀、斟酒呀，端菜呀，切面包呀，又说又笑，忙的不亦乐乎。TheydriftedacrossAmericaandgatheredinthebigcitieswhenwintercame,hungry,defeated,empty,hopeless,restless,drivenbytheyknewnotwhat,alwaysonthemove,lookingeverywhereforwork,forthebarecrumbstosupporttheirmiserablelives,andfindingneitherworknorcrumbs.他们漂泊啊，漂泊，走遍了美国，冬天到了，才在各大城市聚集起来，忍饥挨饿，到处碰壁，一无所有，前途渺茫，焦躁不安，心烦意乱，辗转奔波，到处找活干，到处找仅能糊口的面包，以维持他们悲惨的生活，可是一样也没找到。总之，增补的原则是基于目标语在结构与语义上的双重需要。因此，必须充分了解目标语的表达习惯。如在表达汉语时，要充分考虑汉语的一些主要特点，如动词化、主动化、意合、状语前置、流水句、概括性、成语及四字格的大量使用、无冠词无复数。原文有其意，但无其词，译文宜增补；增词不增意，正如减词不减意；译文增补应无损于愿意，有益于通顺，有助于传神。“善删者字去而意留，善敷者辞殊而义显。”（刘勰：《文心雕龙

熔裁篇》同时，在运用省略技能时，也适用上述原则。1.省略英语特有的词，如it，there,a(n),the,pronouns,connectives,prepositions(seePage158),甚至是动词或分词，如：Ateachershouldberesponsible.Thewishisthefathertothethought.ShewasaJonesbeforeshemarriedBill.Youshouldkeepcalmwhenyouareindanger.Ifyouhavereadthesestorie