状语从句用法详解

状语从句用法详解内容提要:一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句 \方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句一、时间状语从句:1时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导： after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas女口：Now(that)you'vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviourWheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.2、 有些词，女口immediately,directly,instantly，当用于assoonas意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.I'lltelephoneyodirectlyIhearthenews.Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?某些表示时间的名词词组，女口 the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttim等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I'lltellyouaboutthemomentyoucome.IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.I'mgoingtoseehnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarnbrokeout.HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.I'IItellhitheminute(that)hegetshere.有些关联从属连词，如nosooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when/barely…when等，也能引导时间状语从句。△女口果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,bare置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：Shehadnosooneiheardthenewsthanshefainted.=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.Hehadscarcely)nteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.、地点状语从句:1地点状语从句常用where,wherever来引导，如：Wewillstaywhereyoustay,(where二intheplaceinwhich;where既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语 stay。)IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem,Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome,Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim,Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhichheylike(togo),2、有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed,WellgoanywherethePartydirectsus,、方式状语从句:1、方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthougf来引导，如:YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn'tgrownup.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：Jeandoesn'tdthe：wayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.TheIandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?like作连词的用法补充说明:1).Conjunction(informal)(非正式)：inthesamewaythat;as同---样，女口Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.换国籍像换衣服一样的人。2）.asthough;asif好像，如同IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel•我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的四、程度状语从句：程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat …/tosuchadegreethat…，tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras （在…的范围内”）等来引导，如：Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethathewaterfroze.试比较：ThetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuildingThetemperatureloweredsomuchthathewaterfroze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethattheyaretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。I'llhelpyouinsofaraScan•我会尽我所能帮助你。五、原因状语从句：1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since和as,所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。△because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答 why提出的问题时，只能用because在强调句型中也只能用because从句，不能用since,as等，如：Becausecan'tseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tgowithus.Itwasbecausdnewasillthathedidn'tcome.since和as引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉， since和as只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.Sincehecan'tanswerthequestion,you 'dbetterasksomeoneelse.As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.for是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时，可以和because换用;但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，不能用because代替，如：Hecouldn'thaveseenbecause/foilwasnothere.Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.because之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词，如：Youshouldn'tgetajus^becausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等，如：Now(that)(=Sinceyoumentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,you'IIhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let'sstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let'shavedinner.Shedidn'tfgofearthatshewouldgetlost.Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that》hasnoexperienee・Ihaven'tfinishedwritingthereport,ynotthat(=notbecause)dislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)havenottime・Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob・3、在“主语+be+形容词+that”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad,happy,pleased,sorr等表示感情的形容词，这时that可以看作原因状语从句，如：Wearegladthat(二because八ehavereapedanotherbumperharvest・Imglad(that)youareallright・Wearesurethatourteamwillwin・I'mpleasethatyouhavedecidedtocome・六、结果状语从句结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原'tcome.因状语从句刚好相反，例如：'tcome.Hewasill,sothathedidnHedidn'tcomebecausehewasill.1结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导： so…that,such⑻・・・that,suchthat,sothat,that等，例如：Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured.Hisdiligeneewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.Hedidn'tplanhistimewsO,thathedidn'tfinishtheworkintime.Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?往往可以省略2、应注意的几个问题：往往可以省略①在非正式文体中，由so…that,such(a)…that引导的结果状语从句连词 that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystandPeterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybodyYouwalksofast(that)Icantkeeperwithyou.Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.Hewassorude(that)sherefusedtospeaktohim.当so修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：HisheartbeatsoAthathecouldhardlybreathe.SheworriedsoAhatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.七、目的状语从句1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有： sothat,inorderthat,that,so否定的句式常用lest,incase,forfeartha来引导。△目的状语从句中一般要有 can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词，如：Bringitcloser(so)thatImayseeitbetter.IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/mayunderstandwell.We'sitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter•(非正式或口语)Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)gowrongonthewayPleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.Takeanumbrellawithyou,incase(=forfearthat)trains/itmayrain/itshouldrain.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.2、sothat/so既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从其结构上来判断。①凡在讲话时，sothat/so从句之前有停顿，在文字中sothat/so从句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如:Weallarrivedateight,so（that）themeetingbeganpromptly.（结果状语从句）We'comeateightso（that）themeetingcanbeginearly.（目的状语从句）②有时，由sothat或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号，这时，就要看从句中有没有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词,如果有,多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多半是结果Iamgoingtothelectureearlysothati'getagoodseat・（目的状语从句）IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat・结果状语从句）③目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如：Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethroughamicrophone・（目的状语从句）Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom・结果状语从句）八、条件状语从句1、 条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if,unless,supposing(that仅在问句中使用)，suppose(that),incase,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)等，例如：Incasehecomes,letmeknow.Youcangooutas/solonga^oupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)Supposing(that)trainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)Unlessyoutellhimyourself,he 'lllosefarthpietyoucWellletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthalyoukeepitcleanandtidy.2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配 and，如：Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.(=Ifyoucometomorrow,Iwilltellyou.)Givehimaninchandhe lltekeami(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he lltakeamile.)注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词 or或otherwise,女口：Hurryup,or(else)you 'llbelate.Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou'IImissthetrain(=Ifyoudon'Startatonce,you'IImissthetrain.)(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you'IImissthetrain.)3、 ifonly是if的强调式，通常表示说话人强烈的愿望，但愿，真希望”，如：IfonlyitcIearsup,we'IIgo.Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.如果有人告诉了我们，我们就会让你提防的。注：ifonly引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：Ifonlyhecomesintime.(=Ihopehewillcomeintime.)Ifonlyhedidn'tdrivesofast.(=Iwishhedidn 'tdrivesofast.)IfonlyIhadn'tbeenlateforwork.(=IwishIhadn 'tbeenlateforwork.)4、 在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如：Ifyoumove,I'shootyou.IfIpressthisbutton,whatwillhappen?Ifyoucomeyoucanseeit.Ifyoufinishearly,youmaygo.注①当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如：IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereaditThepolicewon'ttakeyourcarawouaresittinginit.注②如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will/shall,女如Ifyouwillreadthebook,I'llletyouhaveit.Ifyouwillhelpme,wecanfinishbysix.Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking/drinking,yourhealthwillimprove.5、有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用“should+不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要米取不同形式，如：Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage,hewouldbesurprised.Ifyoushoulchearthenews,pleaseletusknow.Ifyoushoulcbeinterested,I'lltellyoiolthetorly.Ifitshouldrainwehadbetterstayindoors.Ifheshouldcomeomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.注：在正式文体中，可用shouldI(we,youetc)代替IfI(we,youetc.)should…,如：不定inanumberofways.或不定inanumberofways.或were/wasto+不Shouldlbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome.ShouldyouseeMike,willyouaskhimtoringmeup?Shouldyouseemymother,tellherIamquitewell.6、非真实条件句：当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were型虚拟式，主句动词用 would/should/could/might+式，如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldconsultadoctor.IfIlivedinthetwenty-firstcentury,mylifemightbedifferent当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时,主句动词用would/should/could/might不定式完成式，女口：Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm,hewouldhavesucceededIfhehadtakenhisdoctor 'sadvicmjghtnothavedied当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时定式，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式，女：Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?Hewouldn'tdounlessyouweretoorderhimto.④在正式文体中可用“were+主语”等倒装结构代替“if+主语+were”等结构；“had+主语+ed分词”代替“if+主语+had+ed分词”结构，如:WereIinyourplace，Iwouldbeveryworried.WereJohntogototheuniversity，hewouldhavetoworkhard.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful，hisshipwouldnothavebeensunkHaditnotbeenfortheexpense，Ishouldhavegonetotaly.7、unless与if…not的用法比较：Ifyoudon'startatonce，youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce，youwillmissthetrain.unless在意义上相当于if…not，在有些场合两者可以交替使用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：①当if…not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用 unless例如：Ifshewerentsosilly,shewouldunderstand・（事实上她很傻，改成Unlesssheweresosilly…含义为她不傻）IfIhadntstoppedher,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver・（事实上我阻止了她，改成UnlessIhadstoppedher含义为我没有阻止她。）②unless表示除外的唯一条件，因此通常不能用 and连接两个unless从句，而if…not则不受此限，如：Shewon'tloseweightshedoesnotkeepadietandifshedoesnottakeexerciseseveryday.Shewon'tloseweightnlessshekeepsadietandtakesexerciseseveryday.(不说：unlessshekeepsadietandunlessshetakesexerciseseveryday.)③unless从句中可用否定词，而 if…not从句中不可再加否定词，因此在unless引导的否定从句中，不可用if…not代替unless，如：Iwillgounlessnooneelsedoes.XIwillgoifnooneelsedoesn't・tunderstand.tunderstand.Don'taskmetoexplainuniessyoureallydontunderstand.tunderstand.Don'taskmetoexplainifyoureallynotdon④在if・not从句中通常用非肯定词，而在unless引导的肯定形式的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如：Iwillbeveryangryifyouhaven'spokentoheryet.Iwillbeveryangryunlessyouhavealreadyspokentoher.九、让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的主要连词有 although,though,as,eventhough/if等。Heisunhappythoughhehasalotofmoney.虽然他很有钱，但他不快乐。Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoufail.即使你没成功，他们也会支持你。注意：although/though不可与but连用，但可与yet,still等连用。例如。Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。as引导让步状语从句时，需倒装，从句中的表语和状语或动词原形要置于句首；though引导时，倒装或不倒装皆可。如表语是名词,不可加冠词；若动词原形前置，从句要有may或might。例如：Childasheis,heknowsalot・尽管是个孩子，他却懂得很多。Tryashemighthecouldnotfindajob.不管怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。3.when和while也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。例如:Whiletheyaremyneighbor