英语四级常考词汇大全恋恋有词

四级恋练有词课程Unit1A.单词识记man[n.]男人；人类；（有某类嗜好的）人Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowinwillneversay"Impossible".—Napoleon凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说"不可能"的。同义替换词：person,mankind,boy,humanity,guyThat'sonesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind.--尼尔•阿姆斯特朗对于一个人来说，这只是一小步；但是对于人类来说，这却是一大步。形近词manager[n.]经理；管理人（明星、艺人等的）经纪人；业务管理人German[adj.]德国的[n.]德国人manufacturer[n.]生产商；制作商policeman[n.]警察human[adj.]人的；人类的[n.]人can[aux.]能；会；可能[n.]罐头；容器[v.]开罐[tonguetwister]Canyoucanacanasacannercanacan?你能够像罐头工人一样开罐头吗？形近词candidate[n.]候选人；投考者cancer[n.]癌，癌症；肿瘤scan[n.]细看；浏览；扫描candle[n.]蜡烛；烛形物；烛光more[adj.]更多的[adv.]更多地；更大程度上同义替换词：furthermore,besides,additional,additionally形近词moreover[adv.]再者；加之；此外furthermore[adv.]而且；此外people[n.]人；人们；（与政府或上流社会相对的）人民；民众；大众同义替换词：mankind,citizen,nation,folklow[adj.]低的；矮的；低下的同义替换词：flat形近词follow[v.]跟随；跟着；尾随；遵循（建议、指示等）；跟踪flow[v.]流动；流向；（信息）传播hollow[v.]空的；空心的；空洞的mat[n.]席子；草席；垫子形近词matter[n.]事情；（是…的）问题；关乎…的问题；（印刷或阅读的）材料（有形的）物质[v.]有关系；要紧；有影响material[n.]材料；素材[adj.]物质的let[v.]允许；让；使同义替换词：have,grant,suppose形近词completely[adj.]完整地；齐全地；全部地；彻底地outlet[n.]出口；出路；发泄；折扣店•delete[v.]删除；擦掉•line[n.]行，列；（思想或行动的）步骤；方式，方法；路线 [v.]排队；加衬，做里子•同义替换词：•row,range,rank•形近词gasoline[n.]（美）汽油・headline[n.]（尤指报纸头版的）标题；大字标题；（广播或电视里的）新闻提要・like[v.]喜欢；喜爱；希望[prep.]像；如；像要同义替换词：love,prefer,affect形近词likely[adj.]可能的[adv.]很可能・dislike[v.]不喜爱；厌恶[n.]不喜爱；厌恶alike[adj.]同样的；相同的unlikely[adj.]不太可能的；未必会发生的know[v.]知道；认识；通晓同义替换词：beawareof形近词knowledge[n.]知识；学识；知道unknown[adj.]不知道的；未知的・many[adj.]许多的；大量的[pron.]许多人同义替换词：numerous,multiple,lotsof・most[adj.]最多的；最大量的[adv.]最；极其；非常同义替换词：maximum形近词mostly[adv.]主要；大部分・make[v.]做出；制造；使成为；把…做（好）同义替换词：produceAplantmayproducenewflowersmanisyoungbutonce.花有重开日，人无再少年just[adv.]刚才；只是；正好同义替换词：merely,simply,only,indeed,but形近词adjust[v.]调整；调节；校正justify[v.]证明(决定、行为或想法)正当；表明…必要justice[n.]正义；公正；司法；审判员new[adj.]新的；新近出现的同义替换词：fresh形近词newspaper[n.]报纸；报lie[v.]躺，平放；位于；说谎，欺骗[n.]谎话形近词believe[v.]相信；认为belief[n.]信任；相信；信念m町[v.aux.]可能；可以；祝[n.]五月(May)同义替换词：can形近词maybe[adv.]大概；或许；也许mayor[n.]市长only[adv.]只；仅仅[adj.]唯一的同义替换词：merely,barely,unique,simplycome[v.]来，来到；出现同义替换词：occur,happen,become形近词become[v.]变成；成为；变得outcome[n.]结果；结局；后果overcome[v.]战胜；克服；控制get[v.]变得；成为；到达[v.]使得；获得；变成；收到同义替换词：acquire,gain,obtain形近词forget[v.]忘记；遗忘C.单词应用•man[n.]男人•2011-12阅读•“Inmixedschools,boysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,”thestudyreported.•human[adj.]人类的•2000-6阅读•Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.•candidate[n.]候选人；投考者•2009-12阅读•Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey'llchangeAmerica.•flow[v.]流动；流向；（信息）传播•2013-6阅读•Iftheygeneratemorepowerthanthehomeisusing,theexcessflowsintotheutility'spowergrid.•completely[adj.]完整地；齐全地；全部地；彻底地•2010-6阅读•Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane—thearealeastsubjecttoimpact—fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells.•like[prep.]像•2013-6阅读•Asidefromthepanelsontheroof,PremierGardenslookslikeacommunityofconventionalhomes.•justice[n.]正义；公正；司法；审判员•2003-阅读•Obviouslythejusticesdidnotshowtheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes,theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryande[v.]来；出现2013-6阅读•Intheabsenceofsocietalpressurestomaintainpair-bonds,O'Sullivansuggeststhatromanticlovehasincreasinglycometobeseenasthefactorthatshoulddeterminewhowestaywithandforhowlong.•alike[adj.]同样的；相同的•2003-9阅读•Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately,toallviewersalike,whethertheyarechildrenoradults.•new[adj.]新的•2013-6阅读•Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.Unit2A.单词识记less[adj.]更少的[adv.]更少地同义替换词：tiny,little,smallMorehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达•形近词nevertheless[adv.]然而；不过endless[adj.]无止境的；无边无际的；无休止的careless[adj.]粗心的；漫不经心的hopeless[adj.]没有希望的；绝望的worthless[adj.]无价值的；无用的conversation[n.]会话；非正式会谈同义替换词：dialogueThereadingofallgoodbooksislikeaconversationwiththefinestmenofpastcenturies.--Descartes所有的好书，读起来就如同和过去世界上最杰出的人谈话。--笛卡尔mean[v.]作 解释；意指[adj.]生气的；暴力的；吝啬的[n.]平均值同义替换词：imply,selfish,average形近词means[n.]方法；手段；工具meaning[n.]意义；意思；意图meanwhile[adv.]同时；在此期间want[v.]需要；想要；（用于建议）应该做n.]缺乏；缺少；想要的东西同义替换词：intendgive[v.]为 做；提供；给出；给予；举办（聚会等）同义替换词：present,donate,grant形近词•forgive[v.]原谅；饶恕；宽恕；（用于礼貌用语或道歉语中）请原谅/恕我无知•much[adv.]非常；很多；经常；很•同义替换词：•extremely,greatly,quite,massive・list[n.]—览表；名单；目录；（特定顺序的）一系列，一长串[v.]列举；力数（以特定方式）把…列入单子（或报告）・同义替换词：・catalog・形近词specialist[n.]专家・letter[n.]信；信函；字母同义替换词：・literature,alphabet・first[num.]第一[pron.]第一次；首次[adv.]最早；最新；先[n.]首次出现的事物；首例・同义替换词：primarily,initially,beginning,premier,basiclife[n.]生命；一生；寿命同义替换词：existence,living,age,livelihood・need[v.]（为做成某事或正常生活）要求有；必须有；需要；应该；应当[n.]必要；需要同义替换词：necessity,wantform[n.]形式；形状；外形；方式；表格[v.]形成；组成 形状；使排列成同义替换词：figure,model,outline,shape形近词inform[v.]通知；告知；告发；检举information[n.]消息；（计算机程序储存和使用的）数据；资料perform[v.]履行；执行；演出；表演；表现・former[adj.]先前的；曾经的[pron.]前者；前一个uniform[adj.]（同一物）始终如一的；均匀的；划一的；（不同物）全都相同的[n.]制服transformer[n.]变压器；转换器look[v.]看；瞧；望；浏览；查看[n.]看同义替换词：watch,takecareof,face形近词overlook[v.]俯视；眺望；忽略；宽容outlook[n.]（对生活的）观点、看法；展望fee[n.]费，酬金；赏金同义替换词：charge,cost,tip形近词feeling[n.]感情；感觉；知觉coffee[n.]咖啡；咖啡茶feedback[n.]反馈；反应problem[n.]问题；难题；困难同义替换词：questionplace[n.]地方，地点；住所同义替换词：location,site,housemain[adj.]主要的；最重要的；基本上同义替换词：chief,heart,primary,major,central形近词maintain[v.]维持；保持；断言；维修；保养maintenance[n.]维持；保持；维修；赡养费mainland[n.]大陆live[v.]居住；生活[adj.]活的；有生命的；现场直播的同义替换词：alive,exist形近词deliver[v.]投递；送交；发表（讲话）；递送；接生（婴儿）lively[adj.]活泼的；逼真的delivery[n.]投递；分娩；讲话方式hear[v.]听见；审理；听说同义替换词：listen•形近词•heart[n.]心；内心；勇气；要点•mad[adj.]发疯的；恼火的•同义替换词：•crazy,angry,crazeddown[adv.]往下；向下；朝下[prep.]在 之下同义替换词：below,under形近词downward[adj.]向下的；下降的；趋向没落的both[pron.]两者（都）同义替换词：again,additionally,two形近词•bother[v.]烦扰；操心[n.]麻烦C.单词应用careless[adj.]粗心的；漫不经心的2005-6六级阅读ButlastweektheNewZealandLifeSciencesNetworkaccusedInghamof“presentinginaccurate,carelessandexaggeratedinformation”and“generatingspeculativedoomsdayscenariosthatarenotscientificallysupportable”.endless[adj.]无止境的；无边无际的；无休止的Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.nevertheless[adv.]然而；不过2007-12阅读Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater.specialist[n.]专家2003-9阅读Althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelrmation[n.]消息；（计算机程序储存和使用的）数据；资料2011-12阅读•Peoplearebeinglured（引诱）ontoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun,freeservicewithoutrealizingthey'repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.•deliver[v.]投递；送交；发表（讲话）；递送；接生（婴儿）•2003-9阅读•Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.•perform[v.]履行；执行；演出；表演；表现•2011-12阅读•Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.•both[pron.]两者（都）•2007-6阅读•Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.•heart[n.]心；内心；勇气；要点•2011-6听力•Ittakesalotofenergy,butthat'snotheartofmypaper,soIguessIshouldleaveitout.live[v.]居住；生活2013-6阅读•Romanticlovehasclearevolutionaryrootsbutourviewsaboutwhatmakesanidealromanticrelationshipcanbeswayedbythesocietywelivein.Unit3A.单词识记•light[n.]光；光线；（电）灯；交通信号灯[adj.]轻的；光亮的；天色亮的；（颜色）浅的•同义替换词：lamp,shining•形近词delight[n.]高兴；愉快；令人高兴的人（或物）[v.]使高兴；使愉快daylight[n.]天明；日光listen[v.]（注意地）听，留神听；听从；听信同义替换词：hear,earmate[n.]伙伴，朋友（尤指男性之间）；配偶[v.]交配；配对同义替换词：friend,brother,colleague,fellow形近词playmate[n.]游戏的伙伴；玩伴climate[n.]气候；氛围；形式；状况classmate[n.]同班同学approximate[adj.]大约的；近似的；粗略的[v.]近似于intimate[adj.]亲密的；个人的；温馨的ultimate[adj.]最后的；最终的；最重要的effect[n.]结果；效果；效力；影响同义替换词：consequence,result,issue,outcome形近词effective[adj.]有效的；有影响的learn[v.]学；学习•同义替换词：studyfar[adj.]远的；（某个方向上）最远的，最 端的；[adv.]远；遥远地形近词farm,welfare,farther,farewell同义替换词：faraway形近词farm[n.]农场，农庄；饲养场[v.]耕种；在 上从事畜牧业welfare[n.]健康；安宁；幸福；（美国）社会保障金adj.]福利的farther[adv.]更远地[adj.]更远的farewell[int.]再会•[n.]告别even[adv.]甚至；甚至更，还同义替换词：flat,equivalent,equal形近词prevent[v.]预防，防止；阻止evening[n.]傍晚；黄昏；晚上event[n.]事件；大事；事变eventually[adv.]终于；最后friend[n.]朋友；友人同义替换词：assistant,fellow形近词friendly[adj.]友好的；友谊的friendship[n.]友谊；友好important[adj.]重要的；有势力的同义替换词：big,significant,primaryonce[adv.]一次；曾经[n.]—次同义替换词：ever,onetime形近词concern[n.]关心；挂念；关系[v.]涉及；关系到concept[n.]概念；观念；设想concentrate[v.]集中；聚集；浓缩concert[n.]音乐会；演奏会concentration[n.]集中；专注；浓缩concerning[prep.]关于conceal[v.]把……隐藏起来computer[n.]计算机，电脑同义替换词：calculatingmachine,computingmachinefew[adj.]很少的；少数的；几乎没有的同义替换词：tiny,little,smallpaper[n.]纸；官方文件；文章；论文同义替换词：newspaper,document,filefeel[v.]感觉；感到；触摸；摸到[n.]感觉；总体印象同义替换词：sense,touch•keep[v.]保持；坚持•同义替换词：insist,perseverepress[v.]压；按；揿；催促[n.]压；新闻；出版社同义替换词：compress,push,publisher形近词express[v.]表示[n.]快车；快递impression[n.]印；印象；印记impressive[adj.]给人印象深刻的；令人钦佩的compress[v.]压紧；压缩・old[adj.]老的；（人）......岁的同义替换词：ancient,aged,advancedAmanisnotoldaslongasheisseekingsomething.Amanisnotolduntilregretstaketheplaceofdreams.（J.Barrymore）只要一个人还有追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想，一个人才算老。（巴里摩尔）形近词hold[v.]拿住；掌握；拥有cold[adj.]冷的；冷淡的[n.]冷gold[n.]金；钱财[adj.]金制的household[n.]家庭；户；家务golden[adj.]金色的；极好的bold[adj.]大胆的；冒失的fold[v.]折叠；合拢[n.]褶choose[v.]选择，挑选；情愿同义替换词：select,pick,elect,preferplan[n.]计划；打算[v.]计划；打算同义替换词：scheme,programme,project,design,schedule,propose形近词plant[n.]工厂；发电厂[v.]栽种；种植plane[n.]平面；飞机explanation[n.]解释，说明；辩解planet[n.]行星plantation[n.]种植园；栽植money[n.]货币；金钱，财富同义替换词：•currency,wealth,treasure,fortune•product[n.]产品；制品；产物；（乘）积•同义替换词：outcome•形近词•production[n.]生产；产品；总产量fit[v.]适合；安装[v.]适合[adj.]健康的；合适的同义替换词：suitable,proper,appropriate,fitting,install形近词•benefit[n.]利益；恩惠；津贴C.单词应用delight[adj.]高兴的，愉快的2002-6阅读Sobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhen,withthehelpoftheNavy,theywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhalefor43days,monitoringitssounds.playmate[n.]玩伴2005-12阅读Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.climate[n.]气候2011-6阅读Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.welfare[adj.]福利的&（美国）社会保障金2000-6阅读Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates—atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.learn[v.]学习2006-6阅读Ortheymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andtheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage.event[n.]事件2010-12听力•They'realsosharinginformationaboutconcertsandsportseventsaswellasjokesandtheirphilosophiesoflife.concept[n.]观念2006-12阅读Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.eventually[adv.]终于2013-6阅读Thepledgeiscurrentlyworthabout$150billion,buttheprogrammepredictsitwilleventuallybeworth$600billion.concentration[n.]浓缩2005-1阅读AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.explanation[n.]解释2013-6阅读•AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto“complacency,”thatexplanationdoesn'tacknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Unit4A.单词识记found[v.]创立，创办；建立同义替换词：•establish,build,construct,institute•形近词•foundation[n.]基础；地基；基金会example[n.]例子，实例；模范同义替换词：instance,case,model・job[n.]职业；工作；零活同义替换词：profession,employment,career,workoffice[n.]办公室；处；局；社同义替换词：government,agency形近词officer[n.]官员；干事；军官；警员・car[n.]汽车；小汽车；轿车同义替换词：automobile,motor形近词care[v.]关心；在意；喜爱；照顾[n.]小心；担心；护理；照顾career[n.]事业；职业；生涯carry[v.]携带；运载；传送card[n.]卡；牌；卡片；名片carpenter[n.]木工；木匠scarcely[adv.]仅仅；几乎不形近词carriage[n.]（旧时的）马车；（客运列车的）车厢carpet[n.]地毯；毡毯；毛毯carbon[n.]碳cart[n.]（旧时的）马车，木车；小型机动车；（超市等提供的）购物车carrier[n.]运输工具；搬运工；携带病菌者cargo[n.]（轮船、飞机所装载的）货物food[n.]食物；食品；养料同义替换词：diet【词组】（拓展）offone'sfood:（常指因生病）不想吃东西，厌食（拓展））foodforthought:引人深思；发人深省water［n.］水；海域；（尤指）领洶v.］给（植物）浇水；流泪【词组】•（拓展）inhotwater:陷于困境；遇到麻烦•（拓展）pourcoldwateron：给（想法或建议）泼冷水・（拓展）holdwater：（论点或理论）符合逻辑；站得住脚；经得起考验•形近词waterproof［adj.］不透水的；防水的pl町［v.］玩；游戏；演奏同义替换词：game,competition,drama,sport【词组】playarole:起作用形近词display［v.］陈列；展览；显示playground［n.］操场；运动场・family［n.］家，家庭；家族［adj.］家族的；家庭的同义替换词：householdenergy［n.］活力；精力；能源同义替换词：spirit,vigornever［adv.］永不；从未；决不；不同义替换词：none,nothingNeversaydie.永不气馁present［adj.］现在的；目前的［n.］现状；礼物［v.］颁发；授予；陈述同义替换词:current,gift,donation形近词representative［adj.］代表性的［n.］代表presently［adv.］一会儿；目前following［adj.］接下来的；下面的；下列的同义替换词：under,coming,nextdevelop［v.］发展；成长；发育；开发；养成（习惯）同义替换词：exploit,openup形近词•development[n.]发展；开发；成长；发育；研发・close[v.]（使）关闭；（使）合上；关门；倒闭；结束[adj.]近的；接近的;亲密的同义替换词：end,terminate,dense,compact形近词enclose[v.]包围；围住；封闭・little[adj.]微小的；少的；不多的同义替换词：tiny,few,smallLovemelittle,lovemelong.爱不贵亲密，而贵长久・our[pron.]我们的形近词・hour[n.]小时；时间；时刻encourage[v.]鼓励；激励；鼓动；劝说；刺激・neighbor[n.]邻居；邻国；邻人・journey[n.]n.旅行；旅程・favour[n.]好感；赞同；恩惠[v.]支持；赞成；偏爱；倾向于形近词honor[n.]光荣；尊敬；敬意[v.]给予……荣誉・pour[v.]灌；倒；倾吐；倾泻；（给……）斟favorable[adj.]赞成的；良好的；（条件）有利的；适宜的sour[adj.]酸的；脾气坏的flourish[v.]繁荣；茂盛；兴旺labor[n.]劳动；工作；劳工C.单词应用・job[n.]工作・2009-12阅读In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseenamajorstrengtheningofYale'sfinancialposition.car[n.]汽车2005-12阅读・AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict's$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.•care[n.]护理；照料；照顾•2003-9阅读•Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.carriage[n.]（旧时的）马车2006-6快速阅读Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoottraffic,theywereusuallypoorlycaredforandtoonarrowtoaccommodateautomobiles.carrier[n.]搬运工2003-9阅读HewasSpiridonLoues,awatercarrierwhowonthemarathonrace,afterrace,arichAthenianofferedhimanythinghewanted.display[v.]显示，发布2007-6阅读Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.development[n.]发展2010-12阅读Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.close[adj.]接近的2011-6阅读Thereareclosetoonemillionnervefibersthatconnecttheeyeballtothebrain,asofyetitisimpossibletoattachthemallinanewperson.encourage[v.]鼓励2013-6阅读Morethanthreedozenbillionaireshavepromisedatleasthalfoftheirfortunestocharity,joiningaprogramthatBillandMelindaGatesandWarrenBuffettstartedinJunetoencourageotherwealthypeopletogive.labor[n.]劳工2002-1阅读•ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Unit5A.单词识记•miss[n.]小姐[v.]错过；中失掉（机会）；惦念；思念；未注意到；忽略到；未击Thetragedyoflifeisnotsomuchwhatmensuffer,butwhattheymiss.生活的悲剧不在于人们受到多少苦，而在于人们错过了什么形近词dismiss[v.]不考虑；不理会；解雇admission[n.]允许进入；承认commission[n.]（接受报酬的）任务；委员会missile[n.]发射物；导弹transmission[n.]传送；传动；播放bit[n.]—点；一些；小片同义替换词：tiddly,bite-sized形近词bite[v.]咬；叮；螫；剌穿[n.]—点儿食物；咬orbit[n.]运行轨道[v.]环绕exhibition[n.]展览；陈列；展览会exhibit[v.]表现；显示；陈列；展览inhabitant[n.]居民；住户bitter[adj.]痛苦的；严寒的now[adv.]现在；立刻；于是同义替换词：current,present,nowadays形近词know[v.]知道；认识；称为；被叫做nowadays[adv.]现今；现在culture[n.]文化；文明；教养同义替换词：civilizationmember[n.]成员；会员同义替换词：fellow形近词remember[v.]记得；想起；记住difficult［adj.］困难的；难对付的同义替换词：hard,tough形近词difficulty［n.］困难；难事；困境governments.］政府；治理；政治•同义替换词：policy・order［n.］次序；秩序；整齐［v.］命令同义替换词：require,command形近词border［n.］边；边缘；边界［v.］沿着disorder［n.］混乱；杂乱；（身体机能的）失调，紊乱orderly［adj.］整洁的；有秩序的kind［n.］种类［adj.］慈祥的；体贴的；乐于助人的同义替换词：species,variety形近词kindness［n.］仁慈；好意gain［v.］获得；增加［n.］增加同义替换词：get,