《傲慢与偏见》与《简爱》中婚姻观比较分析

中国矿业大学（北京）

本科生学期论文中文题目：《傲慢与偏见》与《简爱》中婚姻观比较分析英文题目：ComparativeAnalysisofMarriageValuesinPrideandPrejudiceandJaneEyre姓名：程丽红学号：0811720206学院:文法学院专业班级：英语2008级指导教师：仲慧怡职称:讲师完成日期：2011年月12日#Chapter1IntroductionThischapterprovidesthebackgroundofthetwoworks--JaneEyreandPrideandPrejudice,thesignificanceofresearch,theorganizationofthewholepaper.JaneAustenandPrideandPrejudiceJaneAusten(1775—1817)isaclassicalwriterofrealisticnovelinEnglandwhowasthedaughterofaclergymanandnevermarried,livedmostofherlifeinacommunitymuchliketheonewefindinprideandprejudice.JaneAustenhadlittleschooleducationandcompletelydependedonthedirectionofherfatherandbrother.Thefamilyatmospherehadgreatroleinthedevelopmentofherinterestinliterature.Austenbegantowritenovelattheendofthe18thcenturyandallofhersixnovelsdealingwiththebusinessofgettingmarriedarecomediesinvolvingeithersolitaryheroinesoryoungwomeneducatedbyeventstocastasidetheirallusions.Herpresentationofpersonalityoftheindividualconsciousnessandpointofview,markherasoneofthefirstEnglishnovelistswhoprotectawordthemodernreadercanrecognizeasfamiliar.ItissometimessaidthatJaneAusten‘sworkisseverelylimited,butsheusestherealisticwritingstyletodescribedeeply,carefully,humorouslyandironicallythelifeofmiddleclassinthattime.Sheisespeciallygoodatportrayingtheimageofwomeninthemiddleclass.Intheendofthe18thcentury,romanceliteraturewaspopularinEngland,whichwaswrittenintheridiculous,mysteriousandbreathtakingstory.However,Austen‘snovelsdirectlyfoughtbackthiskindofethos.Therewasawriter,whogavehighpraiseforAusten'srealisticwritingstyle.Hesaid'thisyoungladyreallyhasabilityofdescribingmanyaspectssuchaspeople‘sdailylife,feelingatheartandmanyintricatetrivialmatters.ThistalentisveryvaluableandIhaveneverseenit.‘AmongAusten‘ssixnovels,prideandprejudiceisalwayspopular.Itshowssomepicturesofthatsocietybythedescriptionofthemarriageproblem.Theauthorexpressesherownviewsonmarriageandthewomen‘swishofstrivingforfreemarriage.Prideandprejudicewasfirstwrittenin1796asFirstImpressions.Itwasrewrittenin1812andpublishedin1813.Thefirstthingthatattractsthereaderisthewonderfullyvividpresentationofcharactersespeciallythroughthebrightandwittyconversation.Frequently,boththesimpleandtheintricatecharactersareironicallyignorantofhowtheyrevealthemselvesintheirremarks.Themanymisunderstandingsandpartialmisunderstandings,thecross-purposes,thescheming,thedeceptionandself-deceptionsarepresentedindialogueandincarefullystagedscenesbydescribingthesepairsofmarriage.Inthisnovel，Janedrawsusapictureofpeople‘sattitudestowardmarriage．Inordertoshowdifferentnotionsheldbypeopleingettingmarried，thewholenovelisorganizedbycenteringontheviewpointheldbyMrs.Bennetandfouryoungpairs．Byanalyzingtheirviewpointstowardsmarriage，wecangetthemoralprinciplesimpliedbythewriter．CharlotteBronteandJaneEyreCharlotteBronte(1816—1855)wasanEnglishnovelistandpoet,theeldestofthethreeBrontesisters,whosenovelsareEnglishliteraturestandards.ShewroteJaneEyreunderthepennameCurrerBell.JaneEyreisCharlotteBronte‘sbestliteraryproduction.AssoonasitwaspublishedonOctober1847;itbroughtastirnotonlytoreadersbutalsotocritics.JaneEyrehasjustifiablybeenhailedbyearlierfeministsandsomecritics.SharpsLondonMagazinecommentedonit:suchastrangebookIImagineanovelwithalittleswarthygovernessforheroine,andamiddleagedruffianforhero.TheinfluentialcriticGeorgeLewesdeclareditthebestnoveloftheseason.ThemajorityofBronte‘sworksexposesthecruelrealityinsociety,describestheworkingmassesunderthereinofcapitalism,thesufferingsofwomenandchildreninparticular,andproposessuchathemeaswomenandchildrenshouldhavethesamerightsasmeninfamilyandsociety.JaneEyreisareflectionofthetheme.InthismasterpieceofCharlotteBronte,theheroine,Jane,wasaverysuccessfulcharactertoshowthistheme.Shehasherownideaofwhatarefate,valueandstatus.Shealsohasherideaofherthoughtspursuitsofhappinessandlove.Shebelievesthatthetrueloveisbasedontheindependenceandequality.ThroughtheanalysisofRochester‘semotionalviewonloveandSt.John‘srationalviewonlove,therewillbeasharpcontrastbetweenJaneandthem.ComparedwithJane‘s,theirviewsonloveareselfishandsecular.Andthereisanotherveryimportantfactoronthecomeintobeingoftheviewonloveofthecharacters,religiousfactor.IntermsofJane'sdefiancewhichhadgainedthereaders'approval,itiscloselyconnectedwiththeauthor'sreligion.InthetimewhenCharlotteBrontelived,Puritanismdisappearedasapoliticalorganization,butitremainsinfluentialonBritain,whichincludesthewidelyacceptedideasoffreedomandequality.AsaresultofChristianthought,shethinksthatonlythosetwosoulswholoveeachothercangetmarriedsacredlyandbeblessedbyGod.Thisisthemaincontentofthestory.Jane,anorphan,wasadoptedbyherunclewhenshewasveryyoung.Afterheruncle'sdeath,herauntandcousinstreatedherverybadly,andtheysenthertoLuoWudeCharitySchool.Shebecameateacherthroughherstrongdesiretosurviveandtolearnknowledge.However,themonotonouslifemakeJanedeterminetoleaveLuoWudeCharitySchool.FinallyshewenttoThornfieldEstateandbecameatutorforRochester'sadopteddaughter.Themodesty,kindness,wisdom,andpropermannersoftalkingonJane'spartwintheheartofRochester.Theirmutualunderstandinginspiritandtheirmutualattractionmakethemloveeachotherquietly.Duringthisperiod,thedyingauntcalledJanebacktoGaizihaideEstateoutofherconscience.Butduetojealousy,Jane'saunttoldRochesterJanediedoftyphoid.Janeforgivesheranyway.Ataquietdawn,JaneacceptedRochester'sproposalhappily.However,duringthewedding,theappearanceofMason,astranger,gaveJaneapieceofshockingnews:Rochesterwasalreadymarried.ThesadandangryRochestertoldJanehisstory:whenhewasyoungandinnocent,hisfather,whowasgreedyformoney,madehimmarrythedaughterofaplantationownerinWestIndies.Shewasthecrazywomanlockedupstairswhooncewantedtoburnhim.Fortheirevilpurposes,hisfatherandhissrewlaitfivee‘shidefromhimthathiswifehascongenitalmentalproblems.Shortlyafterthemarriage,hesufferedfromthebadconsequences,namely,livingwithaninsaneperson.HewandereddesperatelyuntilJanewalkedintohislifeandgavehimhope.HelongedforJane‘sforgivenessandhopethatJanewouldstaywithhim.However,thepowerofmoralityanddignitydroveJanetomakeapainfuldecision.Shemustleavehim.Janeleftinextremepainalone,roaminginthewilderness.Withhungerandcoldoverwhelmedher,shefaintedonasmallhill.ClergySt.Johntookherin.ThenJanerestartedaperiodofstableandquietlifeasaprimaryschoolteacher.Inthemeantime,sheaccidentallycameintoafortunefromherunclewhoshenevermetbefore.WhenStJohn,whowaspromisingyoung,andfullofreligiousfervoraskedhertomarryhim,andhopedshecouldgotoIndiawithhimselftoserveamission,sherealizedthatshestilllovedRochester.Withthecalloflove,shehadmadeuphismind--goingbacktoThornfield.However,whenshewasbackonthefamiliarland,whatgreetedherwerejustbrokenwalls.Thatcrazywomanburnedtheplantations,felldownfromtheroofanddied.Tosaveher,Rochesterhadblindedhiseyes.Evenso,Janestillunifiedherowndestinywithhistogether.Whentheirfirstbabywasborn,Rochester‘seyessawhope.1.3SignificanceoftheresearchJaneEyreandPrideandPrejudicearebothrealisticnovels;thereexistmanysimilaritiesinthetwogreatworks.Forinstance,thetimeofsetting,thewriters‘femaleviewpoints,thelovebetweenyoungstersandsonon.Manyresearchershaveconcernedthedifferentmarriagesinprideandprejudice,thefeminismspiritinthetwoworks,andthecharacteranalysisoftheheroesorheroines.Consideringthesimilaritiesexistinthetwoworks,thispaperissupposedtoanalyzetheloveandmarriagevaluedemonstratedinthetwoworks,especiallythemainfemaleprotagonists‘marriagevaluethroughtheanalysis,comparethedifferencesofthetwoworksandtherootsofdifferences.1.4OrganizationofthepaperThethesiswillbeorganizedasfollows:Chapter1brieflyintroducesCharlotteBronteandJaneEyre,JaneAustenandPrideandPrejudice,thesignificanceofthestudyandthestructureofthethesis.Chapter2isliteraturereview,includingthethemesofCharlotteBronte‘sandJaneAustin‘sworks,theirwritingstyleandtheoreticalexplanation.Chapter3analyzesthemarriagesintwoworks,andcomparesthedifferencesandsimilaritiesintheirmarriage.Chapter4analyzestherootsofthedifference.Chapter5providesabriefconclusion.Chapter2LiteratureReviewThischapterbrieflyintroducesthethemesofCharlotteBronte‘sandJaneAustin‘sworks,theirwritingstylesandtheoreticalexplanation.2.1ThemesofJaneAustin'sworksandwritingstyleJaneAusten's(1775—1817)distinctiveliterarystylereliesonacombinationofparody,burlesque,irony,freeindirectspeech,andadegreeofrealism.Sheusesparodyandburlesqueforcomiceffectandtocritiquetheportrayalofwomenin18th-centurysentimentalandgothicnovels.Austen'sironyisusedsimilarly,butextendshercritique,highlightingsocialhypocrisy.Sheoftencreatesanironictonethroughfreeindirectspeech,inwhichthethoughtsandwordsofthecharactersmixwiththevoiceofthenarrator.ThedegreetowhichcriticsbelieveAusten'scharactershavepsychologicaldepthinformstheirviewsregardingherrealism.WhilesomescholarsarguethatAustenfallsintoatraditionofrealismbecauseofherdiligent,finelyexecutedportrayalofindividualcharactersandheremphasison"theeveryday",otherscontendthathercharacterslackdepthoffeelingscomparedwithearlierworks,andthatthis,combinedwithAusten'spolemicaltone,placesheroutsidetherealisttradition.Austen'splotsarefundamentallyabouteducation;herheroinescometoseethemselvesandtheirconductmoreclearly,andbecomebetter,moremoralpeople.WhileAustensteersclearoftheformalmoralizingwhichisrathercommonincontemporaryliterature,morality—characterizedbymanners,dutytosociety,andreligiousseriousness—isacentralthemeofherworks?Throughouthernovels,seriousreadingisassociatedwithintellectualandmoraldevelopment.TheextenttowhichAusten'snovelsreflectfeministthemeshasbeenextensivelydebatedbyscholars;however,mostcriticsagreethathernovelshighlighthowsomefemalecharacterstakechargeoftheirownworldswhileothersareconfined,physicallyandspiritually.Almostallofherworksexploretheprecariouseconomicsituationinwhichwomenofthelate18thandearly19thcenturiesfoundthemselves.Austen‘snovelshavevariouslybeendescribedaspoliticallyconservativeandprogressive.Forexample,onestrandofcriticismclaimsthatAusten'sheroinessupporttheexistingsocialstructurethroughtheirdedicationtodutyandsacrificeoftheirpersonaldesires.Anotherstrand,however,arguesthatsheisskepticalofthepaternalisticrulingother,evidencedbyherironictone.Withinherexplorationofthepoliticalissuessurroundingthegentry,Austenaddressesissuesrelatingmoneyandproperty,particularlythearbitrarinessofpropertyinheritanceandtheprecariouseconomicpositionofwomen.ThroughoutAusten'sworkthereisatensionbetweentheclaimsofsocietyandtheclaimsoftheindividual.Austenisoftenconsideredoneoftheoriginatorsofthemodern,interiorizednovelcharacter(He,2010:363).ThemesofCharlotteBrontes'worksandwritingstyleCharlotteBrontehaswrittenonlyfournovels,butsheisaccreditedasanimportantwriterinEnglishliterature.ThemostsalientthemeofBronte'swritingisthedemandforwomenindependence,whichhasitsrepresentationamongallthebooks.Tosomeextent,herwritinghasinfluencedgenerationsofwritersafterherinhandlingwomenissuetopics.Womenwriters,inparticularthosewhoconcernaboutproblemswomenencounteredinlife,acknowledgeherasthepioneerinthisfield,andregardherwritingsasgreatmodelsformodernwomennovels(Meng&Tian,2009:197).RealismandFeminismRealism,RealistorRealisticaretermsthatdescribeanymanifestationofphilosophicalrealism,thebeliefthatrealityexistsindependentlyofobservers,whetherinphilosophyitselforintheappliedartsandsciences.InthisbroadsenseitisfrequentlycontrastedwithIdealism.Realismintheartsconcernsthedepictionofsubjectsastheyappearineverydaylife.Literaryrealismparticularlydenotesa19thcenturyliterarymovement.Feminismisthebeliefthatwomenshouldhaveequalpolitical,social,sexual,intellectualandeconomicrightstomen.Itinvolvesvariousmovements,theories,andphilosophies,allconcernedwithissuesofgenderdifference,thatadvocateequalityforwomenandthatcampaignforwomen'srightsandinterestsFeminismhasalteredpredominantperspectivesinawiderangeofareaswithinWesternsociety,rangingfromculturetolaw.Feministactivistshavecampaignedforwomen'slegalrights(rightsofcontract,propertyrights,votingrights);forwomen'srighttobodilyintegrityandautonomy,forabortionrights,andforreproductiverights(includingaccesstocontraceptionandqualityprenatalcare);forprotectionfromdomesticviolence,sexualharassmentandrape;forworkplacerights,includingmaternityleaveandequalpay;andagainstotherformsofdiscrimination.Chapter3ComparisonoftheTwokindsofMarriageValues

intheTwoWorksThischapteralternativelyanalyzesthemarriagevaluesintwoworksandcomparesthedifferencesbetweenthem.3.1MarriagevaluesinPrideandPrejudiceAustenisgoodatdescribingloveandmarriagewhatshewritesaboutmarriageisnotthemarriageastheresultoflove,butthemarriageastheneedofeconomy.Atthesametime,sheexposestheessenceofmarriageinthecapitalsociety“.itisatruthwellknowntoalltheworldthatanunmarriedmaninpossessionofalargefortunemustbeinneedofawife.”ThisisthefirstsentenceinPrideandPrejudice.Here,thekeywordsare“fortune”and“need”.Todemonstratethistruth,thisbookdescribesmanykindsofmarriagerelationships:JaneandBingley,DarcyandElizabeth,WickhamandLydiaandCollinsandCharlotte.Andthefourcouplesofloverscanbedividedinthreescategoriesofmarriagevalue.Theywillbedemonstratedasfollows:MarriageforWealthInthiscategory,wecanfindthemarriageofCharlotteLucasandMr.CollinsandthemarriageofMarriageofLydiaandMr.Wickham.CharlotteisElizabeth‘sfriend“Shedidnotthinkhighlyofmenorofmarriagemightnotalwaysbringhappiness,itwastheonlyhonorablewayinwhichawell-educatedwomanwithlittleincomecouldprovideahomeforherself.”ThesewordsexpressCharlotte‘sattitudetowardsmarriage.Shesaysthattheimportantthingistogetmarried,happinessinmarriageisjustamatterofchanceandtherefore“love”isnotsoimportant.Sheseesnothinginquestion“butthedesireofbeingwellmarried”.Sheconsidersmarriageheronlyhopeofsecurity.Mr.Collinscertainlywasneithersensiblenoragreeable,butstillhecouldbeahusband.Nowtwenty-sevenandlackingbeauty,Charlottefeltshewasluckytohavefoundahusband.InthemarriageofCharlotteLucasandMr.Collins,theauthorexaminesonesolutiontotheproblemofmarriage-onetapeofmarriageinthemarriagemarket.CharlottetakesCollins“solelyfromthepureanddisinteresteddesireofanestablishment.”AlthoughmoreperceptivethanMrs.Bennet,herviewofmarriageisratherlikehers.Formost-andespeciallyforthemiddleclass-beingwellmarriedmeansmakingagoodbusinesstransaction,improvingone‘sfortune.Charlotte‘spreviousattentionstoCollinswillnowtakeonadifferentlight.Collins‘sdecisionisequallyuntouchedbyaffection;rather,itisinspiredbywhatheregardsasfittingforhispositioninsocietyandbyLadyCatherine‘spromptings.Therefore,themarriageofCharlotteLucasandMr.Collinsisforwealthandsocialposition.Thisisakindoftraditionalmarriage.ForthemarriageofLydiaandMr.Wickham,wecouldeasilyfigureoutthatMr.Wickhamisaveryhandsomeofficerbutworthlessandhasnofortune.HeandLydiarunawaytoScotland.There,ofcourse,shecanmarrywithoutherparent‘sapproval.However,Wickhamlefttheregimentbecauseofhisgamblingdebts,notbecauseheintendedtomarryLydiaandhewashopingtofindandmarryawomanoffortuneinordertohaveacomfortableincome.ThereasonforhisagreementwiththemarriageisDarcy‘shelp.Bypromisingtopayhisdebtswellmorethanathousandpounds,bygivinghimanotherthousand,andbypurchasingforhimacommissionintheregulararmy,DarcywasabletopersuadeWickhamtoagreetothemarriage.DarcyreturnedtoLondonfortheweddingandfinalsettlementofthemoneymatters.Therefore,wecanseeWickhamhasnotintendedtomarryagirlofsuchpoorfortune,butforthemoneyheagrees.Theirmarriageisalsoforwealth.MarriageforbeautyGenerallyspeaking,thiskindofmarriageisverycommon.whenpeoplemeeteachother,thefirstimportantaspecttheypayattentiontoisphysicalappearance.Inthisnovel,wecanfindmanyexamples.Wickhamisaveryhandsomeandgentleman-likeofficer.ManyyounggirlsareattractedbyhimforthefirstmeetingincludingElizabeth.AlthoughLydiaisbeautiful,sheistheyoungest,thetallest,themostvulgar,andthemostimprudentofthesisters.Thereareindicationsthathersuperficialandflirtatiouscharacterisnotunlikewhathermother‘swasnotherage.Completelynon-moral,shehasnotsenseofremorseorshame;onthecontrary,shetriumphsatherlivingwithWickhambeforemarriage.Hermarriage,basedonphysicalattractionmerely,isdoomedtofailure.MarriagefortrueloveForthemarriageofElizabethandDarcy,itisobvioustheirloveisbasedontruelove.ElizabethandDarcyarethemaincharactersinPrideandPrejudice.Theauthorusesmanywordstodeveloptheirloveandmarriage.AlthoughnotsobeautifulasheroldersisterJane,Elizabethisquiteattractive.HerstrikingeyesandflashingwitdenoteapersonalityeverybitthematchforDarcy‘s.Shehasinheritedherfather‘ssenseofhumorandirony,butwithouthiscynicism.Sheisconstantlyreactingtotheself-revelationsofothers,andinsodoingrevealsthepositivestandardofmoralsandgoodsense.However,wecannotforgetthatElizabethis“notyetoneandtwenty.”Thissomewhataccountsforherlively,“impertinent”spirits,forhersusceptibilitytoWickham‘scharms.Shehasnotyethadmuchexperienceinlifeand,inaway,thenovelisthestoryifthecompletionofhereducation.Eventsforhertoturnhercriticalscrutinyinward,andsherevealsherhonestyandcourageandflexibilitybyforthrightlyfacingthetruthaboutherselfandothers.ThisconstantlybusyintelligenceisElizabeth‘ssalienttrait.Herconcernsforherfamily,herattempttostepintothegapcausedbyherfather‘sabdicationofhisresponsibility,againrevealamaturityworthyofDarcy.Asamemberofthegreatlandedgentryandofnobledescentonhismother‘s(LadyAnneFitzwilliam)side(andhavebeenspoiledasachild),Darcyembodiestheprideofhissuperiorsocialstatus-thustheobjectiontoElizabeth‘slowconnections.ButalthougheventsforceDarcytomodifyhissnobbishidentificationofsocialdesirabilityandsocialstatus,hisprideisrevealedtohaveastrongerrootinhisconsciousnessofbeingtheprocessorofsuperiorintelligenceandwill.Thismakeshimcontemptuousofthetrivialsocializingthatamusehisfriends,anddisdainfulofCarolineBingley‘svulgarpursuit.Hehasthevirtuesofhissocialposition;heisliberalandhonorable-andintheend,humbleaswell.Lovehumbleshimandmakeshimworthyoflove.AlthoughMr.Darcyishandsomeandwealthy,possessedofalargeestate,goodfamily,andnoblebearing,hispride,hisawarenessofhisownsuperioritytothecompanyattheball,andhiswillingnesstorevealhiscontempt,leadalltoagreethatheisunbearablyproudanddisagreeable.Inadditiontohisgeneraloffensiveness,heinsultsElizabethbysayinginherhearingthathewouldnotcaretodancewithherandthatsheis“tolerable,butnothandsomeenoughtotemptme.”ItwillbeseenthatDarcy‘spridebecomesanobstacletohismeetingElizabethasanequalandacknowledginghisownfellingofloveforher.ElizabethregardsrespectandpolitenessastheelementalvirtueofgentlemenwhileMr.Darcy‘spridemakesthatElizabethhasprejudicetohim.Withthepastoftime,DarcyseeshisloveforElizabeth,andheencouragesproposingtoher.However,Elizabethrefusesandsaysthiskindofhatefulextremelywords“:youarethelastmanintheworldwhomIcouldeverbepersuadedtomarry.”Fromthedescriptionofthewholewords,Elizabeth‘srefusalisnotbecauseshedoesn‘tloveDarcy,butshethinksDarcyistoopride.ShespeakstoDarcyfrankly“:themomentIfirstmetyou,Inoticedyourpride,yoursenseofsuperiority,andyourselfishdisdainforthefeelingsofothers.Latereventsstrengthenedmydislikeforyou.”ItclearlyexpressesthatElizabethdemandstoberespectedbyothersandtohaveindependentpersonality,equalrightsandfreewill.Shethinksthatloveisnottradebutthecombinationoftwosincerehearts.ThereforeshewaitspatientlyuntilMr.DarcyisabletoconquerhisownprideexpressinghisfaithfullovetoElizabethinanequalattitude.Finally,theygetmarried.ItisElizabeth‘schallengetoDarcy,infact,thatisthestrongprotestofwomeninthattimeagainstthesocialphenomenonofthetraditionalmarriagesystem,familystatusconceptandsoon.Itisalsotheirjusticevoiceofdemandingtheirpersonalityindependenceandstrivingforequalrightsinthesociety.Byplottingthemaincharacter‘slovestory,theauthorintendstoshowherattitudetowardsloveandmarriage,whichisbasedonrespect,understanding,andthesolidfinancialsituation,thewomen‘sindependenceandthegenderequalinmarriage.AntherexampleofthemarriagebasedontrueloveisthecombinationofJaneandBingleyJane,theeldestoftheBennetgirls,hastwodistinguishingcharacteristics:sheisverybeautifulandsheisveryunperceptive.Onthemostsuperficiallover,theplotisthestoryoftheromanceofJaneandBingley;butactually,theirstoryprovidesonlytheoccasionfortherealinterestofthenovel.JaneandBingleyexhibitneitherpridenorprejudice.Thethemesofsocialstatusariseonlyindirectlyintheircase.Choiceforthemisneverproblematic.Theirfunctionratheristoshowhowpeoplecansufferfromtheprideandprejudice,theegoism,greed,andsnobberyofothers.AsheadmitsinaconversationwithElizabeth，Bingley‘scharacterisnotatallintricate.Hisdistinguishingtraceisreadiness“toyieldtothepersuasionofafriend.”Inneed,themechanicsoftheplotturnlargelyonDarcy‘sabilitytocontrolhisfriend.Bingley‘sfortunehasbroughthimnoneofthesnobberysoprominentinhissisters.Heenjoysthetrivialsocialaffairshisfriendfindssoboring.Mr.BennetsatirizeshismildmannerwhenhewarnshimandJanethattheirservantswillanswertheirgentlenesswithwholesaletheft.Whentheymeetintheball,theyloveeachotherandbegintohavefriendlycontactwitheachother.However,JanehasnevershowherownfeelingtoBingleyintheheart.TheirlovehasbeenstoppedforalongtimeandrecoveredagainbecauseofDarcy.Fromthese,wecanseetheirloveispassiveandisalwaysaffectedbyothers.However,theyfallinlove,theirmarriagesaresweetandhappy,theirmarriageisnotonlythechoiceofreason,butalsothemarriagewiththedeepbaseoffeeling.Fromthefourcouplesoflovers,wecanconcludethemarriagevalueoftheauthor—JaneAustin.Thatisthemarriagemustbasedontruelove,andthewealthfoundationisalsoimportantsinceineverymarriageweseetheemphasisonfortune,moneyorincome,thecouples‘respectforeachother.3.2ThemarriagevalueinJaneEyreInthe19thcentury，Conventionalwisdomheldthatmenandwomenhadseparaterolesandduties,withwoman'sspherebeingthehouse,family,andself-sacrifice.JaneEyreabreakthroughoftraditionalinjusticetowomen.ThethemeofmarriageinthenovelisaheadofthetimeCharlotteBrontelivedin.JaneEyrewasbornforstruggleandperformanceofindependencefrommanandfairinmarriage.TherearethreekindofmarriageinJaneEyre:Aboveall,Rochester'smarriagetoBerthaindulginginpassionandbeauty.Hewasrecklessinchoosingtowifewhohewouldberesponsibleandhasalegaldutythatwasdifficultytobreakdown.Hisconsequenceofthiswashebecomestheprideownerofamarriagebasedentirelyonduty,andnothingcametolove.ThroughRochester'schoicesandconsequencesofthosechoices,thereadercanseethatBronteassertsthatmarriagedecisionsbasedonpassionandignoringtheroleofrationandlovewillbringmorethanthelossofpassion,itwouldbringcrushingforcetotheexistenceofmarriagethathadbecomefutileandofwhichtheremainswasbutformandloathbetweenthecouple.MadthoughRochesterfoundBerthawas,hehadtolivewithherandtookcareofher.Hislifewasthreatenanytimewhentheylivedtogether.FinallyThornfiledwasburneddownandRochesterwasblindandparalyzed,andworstmore,hiswifewasdiedfromfellingdowntheroof.Thetragedyoftheirmarriageisself-evident.Peoplehavetotakecareofresponsibilitiesiftheywanttohavefunandhappinesslater.ThenitcomestoSt.John‘proposaltoJanewhohedidn‘tloveandjustwashelpfultohismissionaryaspirationinIndia,hesacrificedhishappymarriagewithRosamundthegirlhelovesomuch.Thiskindofmarriageidbasedonpartnershipanddutyanddeprivemanofhisfeelingsandpassion.HedecidesnottomarryRosamundOliveroutofhispassionforher.Hecompletelyshunshispassion,theoppositeextremeofRochester.IndoingthisandbasinghismarriagedecisiononhisdedicationtoGod,helostagenuinechancetogaintruehappiness.ThroughthisexampleinJaneEyre,Bronteistryingtoshowthereaderthattheoppositeendofthespectrumisalsowronginmakingamarriagedecision.Apersonwillbeunhappyiftheyshunpassionandbasemarriageonduty.AllworkinnoplaymakesJohnadullboyappliestomarriageaswell.InthecaseofRochesterandJane‘marriage,itisaprominentthemeofthenovel.JaneEyre‘spersonalityandspiritarerepresentedtothefullthroughhermarriagewiththemanshereallylove.Theremarriagewasbasedontruelove,mutualappreciation,spirituallysimilarityandunderstanding,aswellasequalityandautonomy.JaneEyrewasaplaingirlwhodidnotenjoytheadvantagesofeitherextraordinarybeautyorsocialposition.Rochesterwassimplyfascinatedbyhercourage,education,remarkableefficiency,highmoralsenseandsterlingcharacter.Ontheotherhand,JanelovedRochesterforhewasanexceptionofhypocriticalupperclassandherespectedherpositionandcontemptedthecorruptingpeopleofhisownclass.Mutualrecognitionandappreciationformedthebasisofloveforeachother,anditisthiskindoflovethatrarelyexistsinthehumanworld.Theirlovehadnothingtodowithphysicalappearance,instead,itwasspiritualbeautythatattractedthemanwhodeservehersincereandloyallove.Rochesterdrewlessonsfromhisfirstmarriagethatlovewasnecessaryforamantobuildaharmonyandhappyfamily.HecherishedJane,thelittleandplaingirl,butwhowasasupporterofhislifeandrelithissoulandenthusiasm.Hewassoscaredtoloseherthatherevealedthesecretthathismadwifewasstillaliveandlivedwiththeminthesamebuilding,forhethoughtthetrueanddeeplovebetweenJaneandhimwasenoughtomaintainthemarriagewhichwasjustanunnecessaryformoftheirlove.However,JanerefusedtobehismistressescapedThornfieldinseekofautonomyintheworldwherewomanwasinferiortoman.Shecouldn‘tstandthatRochestercheatedherandshewasdesperatelydisappointedintheman‘smerit,shealsowasdubiousofhislovetoher.Toughherlovestillalive,shedeterminedtoleaveRochesterwhileheremainslegallytiedtoBertha.Hercompromisewithhimwouldmeanrenderingherselfamistressandsacrificingherownintegrityforthesakeoftemporaryhappiness.ThefailureoftheirweddingindicatedthatBrontemadeitapointthatwomanshouldacquireequalityandindependenceinmarriage,womanshouldbeself-respect,self-esteem,andfightfirmlyandthoroughlytolifttheirstatusinfamilylife.Loveisnottheonlycomponentofmarriage;autonomyandindependenceofwifearealsoveryimportantelementsinasuccessfulandhappymarriage.Ontheotherhand,Jane‘slifeatMoorHousetestedherintheoppositemanner.There,sheenjoyedeconomicindependenceandengagesinworthwhileandusefulwork,teachingthepoorstudents;yetshelackedemotionalsustenance.AlthoughSt.Johnproposedmarriage,offeringherapartnershipbuiltaroundacommonpurpose,Janeknewtheirmarriagewouldremainloveless.Themarriagewithoutlovewouldbecomeaburdenofbothofthecoupleforalifelongtimecaughtinloneliness.Nonetheless,onlyafterprovingherself-sufficiencytoherselfatMoorHousecanshemarryRochesterandnotbedependentuponhimasher"master",shereturnedtoThornfieldtoreunitewithhim.AsJanesaid:"Iammyhusband'slifeasfullyasheismineTobetogetherisforustobeatonceasfreeasinsolitude,asgayasincompanyWearepreciselysuitedincharacter—perfectconcordistheresult"BythetimeshewasreunitedwithMr.Rochester,hehadbeendisfiguredandblindedbythefireatThornfield.Intheendshemarriedapenitent,disfiguredandblindRochester.Thequalitythatenabledhertoretainherindividualitythroughoutthenoveliscourage:thisqualitysavedherfromstumblingonthepathoflove,evenwhenitwasenvelopedindarkness.Inthequestfortruelove,respectforindividualitybecomesJane'smotivation.IftheestatewasnotburneddownandRochester‘swifestillalive,Janewouldnotmarryhimandenjoytheirrestlifetogetherforthereasonshavementionedabove.Janewouldjustmadefriendswiththismanthatshelovedwithalltheforceofherlife.IfTorfieldwaselapsedandBerthadidn‘tdie,JanewouldcamebacktotakecareofRochesterandremainedhousepossesionessofhim,butneveramistress.ThetruecasewasthatThehousewasburneddownandtheman‘swifehaddied,thenJaneachievedherjusticeinthemarriageandshemadethechoicetomarrytheman,despiteofhisparalysis.Shewasevenabletoassumeacertaindegreeofdominanceoverhim.Bynow,RochesterhadbeguntoobservetheworldaroundhimthroughJane'seyes.InthiswayJaneasawomanwasabletotriumphoveralltheforcesthathavethrea