必修一 Unit 1 高考提能练

必修一Unit1高考提能练阅读理解·组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2016·兰州高三诊断)Yourkidslearnalotfromtheirfriends—thingsyoucan’tteachthem,nomatterhowmuchyouwantto.Probablythemostimportantthingkidslearnishowtohavepeerrelationships.Asaparent,youcan’tdothis,becauseyouandyourchildaren’tequals.Forexample,whenyou’resittingonyourfamilyroomfloorandyourveryyoungchildasksyoutopasshimtheblocks,youprobablyhandthemrightover.Ifyourchildissittingwithapeerandasksthesamething,though,hemightnotgetwhathewants.Tosucceed,yourchildwillneedtolearnstrategiesforgettingwhathewants.Forexample,hemightsimplyyank(猛拉)thetoyoutofhisfriend’shand.Ifhedoesthat,hemaylearnthatit’snotthebestwayofgettingwhathewantsbecauseitleadstofightingandtime­outs.Thesuccessfulchildwilllearnthatheneedstonegotiateatrade,towaitpatiently,ortofindsomethingelseequallyfuntoplaywith.Friendsalsoprovideemotionalsupport,somethingthatispartofthefoundationofhealthyadulthood.Youcan’tbewithyourchildontheelementaryschoolplaygroundoratthehighschooldance.Yourchild’sfriendswillbetheonestostick_up_forher,toincludeheringames,andlater,totellhershelooksgreatevenifherlousyprom(糟糕的舞会)datewandersoffinsteadofdancingwithher.Friendsalsohelpyourchildrenlearn.Friendssolveproblemstogether,imitateeachother,andpassonknowledge.Someexpertsbelievethatthesinglebiggestpredictorofyourchild’ssuccesslaterinlifeisherabilitytomakefriends.Infact,theyclaimit’sevenmoreimportantthanIQandgrades.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatthekidswhoaremostpopularinschooldothebestlateroninlife.Whatmattersisnotthenumberoffriendsachildhasbutratherthequalityoftherelationships.ThisisgoodnewsforthoseofuswhohatetothinkthatpopularityreallyistheHolyGrailofchildhoodandadolescence.Whileit’struethatpopularityhasmanyadvantages,andthatmanypopularkidsreallyarenicepeople—andnotjustthebestdressedorbestlooking—it’sbettertohaveafewgoodfriendsthantohavetheadmirationofthemasses.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。孩子们会从和朋友的相处到许多大人怎么想教都教不会的事，所以真正的好朋友对一个人的成长至关重要。1．BygivingtheexampleinParagraph3,theauthorwantstoshowthat________.A．kidscanlearnhowtodealwiththerelationshipswhentheystaywiththeirpeersB．parentsshouldspendmoresparetimeplayingwiththeirkidsC．kidsshouldlearnhowtobepolitewhentheyasktheirparentsforhelpD．parentscanteachtheirkidshowtobegoodmembersinthemodernsocietyintheirdailylife解析：选A推理判断题。一般而言，在议论文中，举例都是为了证明作者的观点。由此可知，第三段所举例子是为了证明第二段作者的观点，即“Probablythemostimportantthingkidslearnishowtohavepeerrelationships.”。故选A。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“stickupfor”inthefifthparagraphmean?A．Envy. B．Oppose.C．Support. D．Ignore.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据本段第一句中的“Friendsalsoprovideemotionalsupport”可知，此处将家长与同龄朋友进行比较是为了说明同龄朋友会给孩子们以情感上的支持。由此可知，画线词意为“支持”。故答案选C。3．Intheauthor’sopinion,________ismoreimportantthanbeingpopularforkids.A．gettinghighgradesB．havingsomerealfriendsC．developingagoodhabitD．knowinghowtodressthemselvesup解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章最后三段可知，朋友的质量比朋友的数量、智商、分数和外表都重要。故选B。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoBridgetheGenerationGapB．WhatItTakestoBeaGoodFriendC．WhyFriendsAreImportantD．HowtoBePopularinSchool解析：选C标题归纳题。文章的中心段是第一段，由此结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了同龄朋友对孩子成长的重要性。故选C。B(2016·山东省日照市校际联合检测)“Friendlydoctorsarebadfortheirpatients’health，”researchershavewarnedasanewstudyrevealedtwothirdsofyoungdoctorsstruggletobetruthfulwithpatientstheylike.Blurring(使……变得模糊不清)thelinesbetweensocialandprofessionalrelationshipscanaffectthelevelofcareofferedandpreventpatientsfrombeinghonestaboutimportantsideeffects.“DoctorsshouldavoidaddingpatientsasfriendsonFacebook,andtheyshouldnothugorallowpatientstocallthembytheirfirstnames，”regulatorshavewarned.“Thosewhobreaktheboundarieswillfacesomepunishment.”Itesasasurveyof338oncologists(肿瘤学家)undertheageof40,finding59percentsaidtheyfounditdifficulttotellthetruthtothosepatientstheylike.Sixtypercentofrespondentssaidifdoctorsfelttooclosetotheirpatients,itcouldpreventthemfrommakingobjectivedecisionsaboutaperson’scare.LesleyFallowfieldofBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid：“Oncologyisaprofessionthatcanbeenormouslyrewardingbutisfilledwithmanychallenges.Youngoncologistshavetomasterthemeansofdealingwithanxiouspatientswhoarefacingalife­threateningdisease,conveyingthetrueprognosis(预断),discussingtheplexityofmoderntreatments,andexplainingtheunavailabilityofsomedrugs,thesideeffectsoftreatments,andlikelytreatmentaims.”Butshealsosaid,“Thosedoctorswhohaveenteredtheprofessionintheageof’theInternetworld’aremorelikelytofallvictimtoblurringtheprofessionalboundarieswithpatients.”Shesaid，“Thedifficulty,ifyouhugandkisspatients,ifyouallowthemtocallyoubyyourfirstname,isthatquicklytherelationshipcanbeeconfusingasasocialoneratherthanaprofessionalone.Doctorsbeeconfused,’Ireallylikethesepeople,howcanIbeartotellthemthatthey’regoingtodie？’Theyfinditmoredifficulttobeobjective.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，医生的态度友善反而对患者的治疗不利，因此医生和患者之间需要保持适当的距离。5．Whyarefriendlydoctorsbadfortheirpatients’health?A．Becausetheydon’tliketocheatpatients.B．Becausetheyarenotgoodattreatingpatients.C．Becausetheyfinditnoteasytobeobjectivetothepatients.D．Becausetheyseldomblurtherelationshipwithpatients.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“twothirdsofyoungdoctorsstruggletobetruthfulwithpatientstheylike”及最后一段中的“Theyfinditmoredifficulttobeobjective.”可知，三分之二的年轻医生很难对他们喜欢的病人讲实话，他们很难客观地对待病人，这样对患者的治疗不利，故选C项。6．Whatshoulddoctorsdoaccordingtotheregulators?A．AddpatientsasfriendsonFacebook.B．Haveacloseconnectionwithpatientsinlife.C．Alwaysbecoldtopatients.D．Keeppatientsataproperdistance.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章的第三段可知，医生应该避免在脸谱网上添加患者为朋友，他们也不应该拥抱病人或让病人直呼他们的名字，即医生应该和病人保持适当的距离，故选D项。7．WhichopinionwillLesleyFallowfieldagreewith?A．Oncologyisarewardingprofessionwithoutchallenges.B．TheInternetmakesiteasierforyoungdoctorstobreaktheboundaries.C．It’snotthedoctors’dutytodealwithpatients’anxiety.D．Beingfriendswithpatientswillhelpthemrecoversoon.解析：选B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thosedoctorswhohaveentered...boundarieswithpatients.”可推知，网络使得医生更容易模糊与病人之间的职业分界线，故选B项。8．YoungoncologistswillfacethefollowingchallengesEXCEPT________.A．dealingwithalotoflife­threateningdiseasesB．discussingdifficultiesoftreatmentswithpatientsC．explainingtheunavailabilityofsomemedicinesD．informingpatientsofthepossibleresultsofthetreatments解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Youngoncologistshavetomaster...andlikelytreatmentaims.”可知，B、C、D三项表述正确；年轻的肿瘤学家需要掌握如何对待面临生命威胁的焦虑病人，A项“处理很多威胁生命的疾病”表述错误。故选A项。C(2016·华中师大附中高三上学期期中检测)ChinesefemalescientistTuYouyouwonthe2015NobelPrizeinmedicineonOctober5forherdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltreatmentagainstmalaria(疟疾).ThisisthefirstNobelPrizegiventoaChinesescientistforworkcarriedoutwithinChina.TusharedtheprizewithIrish­bornWilliamCampbellandSatoshiOmuraofJapan,whowerehonoredfortheirrevolutionaryanti­roundwormtreatment.84­year­oldTuisawardedthisprizeforhercontributiontocuttingthedeathrateofmalaria,reducingpatients’sufferingandpromotingmankind’shealth.Althoughshereceivedseveralmedicalawardsinthepast,the2015NobelPrizeisdefinitelythemostprivilegerewardthatrecognizesTu’sdedicationandperseveranceindiscoveringartemisinin(青蒿素),thekeydrugthatbattlesmalaria­friendlyparasites(寄生虫).However,herroutetothehonorhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.ShewontheNobelPrizeformedicine,butshedoesn’thaveamedicaldegreeoraPhD.InChina,sheisevenbeingcalledthe“three­noes”winner:nomedicaldegree,nodoctorate,andshe’sneverworkedoverseas.NowonderhersuccesshasstirredChina’snationalprideandhelpedpromoteconfidenceofnativeChinesescientists.ThefactthatTuhasnoneofthesethreebackgroundsremindsusthatscienceshouldbemoreaccessibletoall.Oneshallbeabletobeeascientistnomatterwhatkindofbackgroundheorsheesfrom,aslongasonedivesintoscientificresearch.Therehavebeendiscussionsonpeoplewhoreallylovesciencebutareneverabletoachievemuchduringtheirwholelife.Theircontributionscanneverbeignored.Theyworksohardtoprovethewrongwaysothatthefutureresearcherswillbeclosertotherightone.AsthefirstChinesemainlandNobelPrizeWinnerofnaturalscienceaward,Tu’srecord­breakingwinningalsoservesasaremindertothosewhoaretooeagerforinstantsuccess.Scienceisneveraboutinstantsuccess.Tuspentdecadesonscientificresearchbeforeitsvalueisofficiallyacknowledged.Thereisnowaytomeasurehowmuchonedevotestoscienceandpareitwithhowmuchrewardheorshemayget.语篇解读：中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年度诺贝尔医学奖，作为一名“三无”无医学学位、无博士学位、无海外经历获奖者，她带给我们很多值得思考的东西。9．Wecanknowfromthetextthat________.A．TuworkedathomeandabroadtoconductherresearchB．TugottheNobelPrizeforheranti­roundwormtreatmentC．theNobelPrizeisthefirstawardtorecognizeherworkD．herdiscoveryofartemisininhashelpedtocutmalariadeathrate解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“she’sneverworkedoverseas”可知A项错误；根据第二段第一句可知，进行anti­roundwormtreatment的是爱尔兰和日本的两位科学家，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，屠呦呦曾经获得过几个医学奖项，故C项错误。根据第二段第二句可知D项正确。10．Theauthorseemstoagreethatapersonwhoismorelikelytobeeascientististheonewith________.A．asenseofnationalprideB．relevantacademicknowledgeC．adesiretoachievesuccessD．enthusiasmforscientificresearch解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一个人无论什么背景、来自何处，只要专心于科学研究，就有可能成为一名科学家，故选D。11．Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto________.A．informreadersofthenewsandmakementsB．discouragethepursuitofinstantsuccessinscienceC．remindreadersoftheprinciplesofscientificresearchD．praisetheawardwinnerandencouragescientificresearch解析：选A写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者首先告知大家屠呦呦获奖的消息，然后对此进行评论，故选A。D(2016·济南第一学期期中质量检测)Squaredancingisaformofentertainmentandphysicalexercise,whichisagoodthing.However,agroupofseniorChineseladiesdancinginNewYork’sSunsetParkwererecentlyfacedwithnoiseplaintsfromnearbyresidents.Thelocalcourtevenservedasummons(传票)relatedtoacertainMs.Wang.ThenewssooncausedheateddiscussionacrossChina,withmanybelievingtheincidenttoinvolveaculturalconflictbetweentheEastandWest,whileothersviewitasaformofdiscriminationagainstChineseintheUnitedStates.TheUnitedStatesisadiversesociety,andinmanycases,Chinesedancersaretoleratedandevenappreciated.Meanwhile,theUnitedStatesisasocietybasedontheruleoflaw,andduetoculturaldifferences,localregulationsseemtobeverydifferentfromthoseinChina.Asaresult,someoldChineseladiesdancinginNewYork’sSunsetParkfoundthemselvescaughtinanembarrassingsituation.Localsandimmigrantsfromothernationsviewsuchnoiseasaviolationoftheirrighttoenjoytranquillity.Callingthepoliceisregardedasthemostefficientwaytosolvesuchaproblem.Before,theseladiesprobablydidnotunderstandlocalcustomsandrules.However,sincetheincidenttookplace,theyshouldperhapsknowalittlebetternexttimeandkeepthenoisetoaminimum.Peoplefromdifferentnationsareoftensupposedtoreachpromises,respectingandtoleratingeachother.Whateveryourchoiceofentertainmentis,itisimportantnottoaffectotherpeople’slives.Squaredancingisonlyoneofmanyactivitiesduringwhichpeopleshouldmindtheirbehavior.AsforU．S.policepractice,theremightstillbesomeroomforimprovement.Someweresaidtoberatherrude,leadingtotheso­called“racialdiscrimination”，whichisasensitivetopicinU．S.society.Iftheinvolvedpartiescouldbemoretolerant,andsolvesuchproblemswithoutinvolvingthecourt,perhapsimmigrantswouldmixmore.语篇解读：人们对于广场舞褒贬不一，本文通过中国大妈在纽约跳广场舞的事例总结出人们应换位思考，相互理解、相互包容。12．ThewritermentionstheincidentinParagraph1to________.A．showhisopinion B．makeplaintsC．bringupthetopic D．criticizethelocalpolice解析：选C推理判断题。作者提到了中国大妈在纽约广场跳广场舞，其目的是提出话题以引起人们的注意。故选C。13．Theunderlinedword“tranquillity”inParagraph3canbereplacedby“________”．A．entertainment B．quietnessC．freedom D．quality解析：选B词义猜测题。通过画线词所在的句子可知，tranquillity和noise相对，应表示“平静，安静”，故选B。14．WhatwilltheseniorChineseladiesmostprobablydoaftertheincident?A．GobacktoChina.B．Fightfortheirright.C．AskAmericatochangeitslaw.D．Keepthenoisethelowest.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“However,sincetheincidenttookplace,theyshouldperhapsknowalittlebetternexttimeandkeepthenoisetoaminimum.”可知，中国大妈会把音量降到最低。故选D。15．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsseniorChineseladiesdancinginNewYork’sSunsetPark?A．Hethinksallpartiesinvolvedshouldbemoretolerant.B．Hestronglysupportstheactionofthelocalpolice.C．HeconsidersitashameforseniorChineseladiestodoso.D．Hesuggestssuchkindofproblemshouldbesolvedinthecourt.解析：选A推理判断题。作者在文章的第四段提到了应互相包容(toleratingeachother)，在最后一段又提到包容(tolerant)，故选A。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2016·河南省高考适应性测试)HowtoBeaGoodFriendAgoodfriend,whowouldn’twantone?Everfeltyoursjustnotgoodenoughbutdon’tknowwheretoimprove?__1__Iusedtoannoyalotofmyfriendsbefore,justforthesakeofhavingfunandfromthat,I’velearnedhowtobeagoodfriend,andstayasagoodfriend.Listen.Noonelikesbeinginterruptedwhenthey’retalking.So,whensomeonetalks,keepyourselfqui