新教材人教版英语高一上册必修一welcome unit 语法公开课一等奖课件省课获奖课件

WelcomeunitDiscovering

usefulstructures第1页句子成份（一）句子成份定义：什么叫句子成份呢？句子组成成份叫句子成份。在句子中，词与词之间有一定组合关系，按照不一样关系，能够把句子分为不一样组成成份。句子成份由词或词组充当。

句子成份主要成份主语、谓语次要成份表语、宾语、定语、状语补足语、同位语、插入语第2页

英语句子基本构造能够归纳成五种基本句型，掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握多种英语句子构造基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）第3页主语

(Subject)

表达句子说是什么人或什么事。

是一种句子所论述主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe构造、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词背面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词和主语从句等表达。例如：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（名词）（代词）第4页3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正主语为背面不定式）第5页谓语对主语动作或状态作陈说或说明指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词位置一般在主语之后。中心语是动词（或动词短语）谓语predicateverb复合谓语情态动词/助动词+动词原型连系动词+表语（系表结构）简单谓语一个动词(或动词词组)第6页简单谓语一种动词(或动词词组)IamwatchingTVnow.ShewenttoBeijingyesterday.复合谓语情态动词/助动词+动词原型连系动词+表语（系表构造）Whatdoesthiswordmean?You'd

bettercatchabus.Sheissobeautiful.Keepquiet,please.Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysgetlonger.第7页Hedidn'tsayanything.Wearetalkingabouthim.-Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Ienjoybeingyourteacher.Theyaskedtoseemyidentificationcard.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Haveyousetdownwhathesaid?Shetoldmethatshewouldgoabroadthenextday.Showyourpassport,please.宾语一般用在及物动词背面，表达行为动词所包括对象。名词代词数词动名词不定式名词化形容词从句第8页宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw后跟to，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save后跟for，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.第9页表语说明主语身份、特性和状态，常位于连系动词(be,become,keep,seem等)之后。名词代词形容词数词动名词/不定式介词短语副词从句Asiaisabigcontinent.Mysisteristhatgirlinred.Ifeelmuchbettertoday.Threeaddstwoisfive.Herjobissellingcomputers.Mytasktodayistopaintthewalls.Thepatientisoutofdanger.Thesunisup.Thisiswhathesaid.Itprovesthatsheisright.第10页注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特性和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表达主语状态，只有be一词，例如：Heisateacher.2）连续系动词用来表达主语继续或保持一种情况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeepssilentatthemeeting.

3）表像系动词用来表达“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

第11页注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特性和身份等。

4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词表达主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）终止系动词表达主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,体现"成果是;证明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

第12页定语相称于形容词，可修饰主语、宾语、表语、同位语前置定语He'satallman.fallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterTherearealotofbananatrees.Threethousandpeoplewatchedthegame.后置定语Thereisamanstandingatourschoolgate.Thereisamanwhostandsatourschoolgate.Maryisagirlhavinglonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.第13页状语是句子主要修饰成份，相称于副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、条件、方式、比较、目、伴随…副词：HespeaksEnglishverywell.不定式：Hecomesheretoseeme.介词短语：IhavelivedinChongqingfortwentyyears.从句：Hewillgotobedwhenhefinisheshishomework.分词：Havingfinishedthetask,hegoeshome.

第14页一种句子由积极语态变为被动语态，宾补则变为主补。有些及物动词接了宾语后意义仍不完整，还需要有一种句子成份来补充说明宾语意义、状态等。宾语和其宾补组成复合宾语。补语补语是起补充说明作用成份。最常见补语有宾语补足语和主语补足语。宾补I’mgoingtopaintitpink.TommadeMarycry.Ifinditdifficult.主补Itwillbepaintedpinkbyme.MarywasmadecrybeTom.Itisfounddifficultbyme.第15页

同位语（Appositive）对前面名词或代词做深入解释，一般由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做某些附加解释，一般有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.第16页句子成份练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.第17页(二)选出句中谓语中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast第18页⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book第19页(三)挑出下列句中宾语

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.第20页(四)挑出下列句中表语

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.第21页(五)挑出下列句中定语①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!第22页(六)挑出下列句中宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④Theycal