词汇学教学讲解课件

词汇学教学讲解课件

ChapterOne

AGeneral

Survey毛海燕ChapterOne

AGeneral

SurveAgeneralsurvey

1.Definitionofaword

2.Soundandmeaning

3.Wordandlexicalitem

4.Meaningandconcept5.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning

6.Wordandvocabulary

7.ConstitutionofEnglishvocabularyEatthemall!Ageneralsurvey1.Definiti1.DefinitionofaWordHehaddoneit,hehadsaidthemagicwords.Hestoppedtheretoenjoytheeffectofthesewords.1.DefinitionofaWordHehad1.DefinitionofaWordIloveyou!Ihateyou!1.DefinitionofaWordIlove1.DefinitionofaWord

Whatisaword?1.DefinitionofaWordMajorFeaturesofWordsWhatarethemajorfeaturesofwords?（杨信彰，2009）MajorFeaturesofWordsWhatarMajorFeaturesofWords1.Awordisasoundorcombinationofsoundswhichwemakevoluntarilywithoutvocalequipment.MajorFeaturesofWords1.AwoMajorFeaturesofWords2.Awordissymbolicandisusedtostandforsomethingelse.Ineachlanguage,soundsareusedtorepresentobjects,happenings,orideas.MajorFeaturesofWords2.AwoMajorFeaturesofWords3.Thewordisanuninterruptibleunit.Whenelementsareaddedtoawordtomodifyitsmeaning,theyneverinterrupttheinternalstabilityoftheword.MajorFeaturesofWords3.TheMajorFeaturesofWords4.Awordhastodowithitssocialfunction.Ithelpshumanbeingsinteractculturallywithoneanother–“communicate”.MajorFeaturesofWords4.AwoMajorFeaturesofWords5.Awordmayconsistofoneormoremorphemes.Itcanbebrokendownintosmallermeaningfulunits.MajorFeaturesofWords5.AwoMajorFeaturesofWords6.Wordsarepartofthelargecommunicationsystemwecalllanguage.Awordispartlydependentformeaninguponitsuseinthatlargercontext.MajorFeaturesofWords6.WordMajorFeaturesofWords7.Awordoccurstypicallyinthestructureofphrases.Intypicalway,morphemesareusedtobuildwords,wordstobuildphrases,phrasestobuildclauses,andclausestobuildsentences.MajorFeaturesofWords7.Awo1.DefinitionofaWord

Generallyspeaking,awordisaunificationofsounds,meaningandsyntacticfeatures,

andisthefundamentalstructuralunitofasentence.（陆国强）

1.DefinitionofaWord1.DefinitionofaWord

Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.（张维友）

1.DefinitionofaWord

Definitionofaword

daydream

soundmeaningsyntacticfeature

Definitionofaword2.Soundandmeaning

Issoundrelatedtomeaning?2.SoundandmeaningIssound2.Soundandmeaning

NaturalistsConventionalists2.SoundandmeaningNaturalisNaturalists

Mom妈妈Woof汪汪Mew-mew喵喵NaturalistsMom妈妈Woof汪汪MeNaturalists

Thereisanintrinsiccorrespondencebetweensoundandmeaning.NaturalistsThereisanintConventionalistsEnglishmeatChinese肉ItaliancarneSwedishkőttRussianmЯcoFrenchviandeConventionalistsEnglishChinesConventionalistsTherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningisakindoflinguisticsocialcontract.

ConventionalistsTherelat3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning

Icanunderstandallthewords,butIdon’tunderstandthesentence.Why?3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammat3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning

Youneedtoknowthedifferencebetweenlexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning.3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammat3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning*

lexicalmeaning词汇意义*grammaticalmeaning语法意义3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammat3.LexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaningIsawasaw

sawasaw.3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammat4.Meaningandconcept

Howarewordsrelatedtothings?4.MeaningandconceptHoware4.Meaningandconcept

Word→concept→referentreferent↗↖Word→concept4.MeaningandconceptWord→4.Meaningandconcept

Concept:isthebaseofmeaning.

Meaning:isthereflectionoftheconceptinthelanguage.概念：词义的基础，思维单位，抽象概括的，词义：概念在语言中的表现形式，语言范畴，抽象和具体4.MeaningandconceptConcep4.Meaningandconcept

Theautomobileisamixedblessing.Theautomobilewasstalledinastorm.cop--policemanbuyoff--bribe4.MeaningandconceptTheaut5.Wordandlexicalitem*

Words:*

Lexicalitems:thebasicelementstoformvocabularytheunitstoformdictionaries5.Wordandlexicalitem*Word5.WordandlexicalitemSo,wherecanyoufindlexicalitems?5.WordandlexicalitemSo,wh6.Vocabularyandwords

Whatconstitutethevocabulary?Wordsofcourse.Thenwheredidwordscomefrom?……..?6.Vocabularyandwords6.Vocabularyandwords

Broadlyspeaking,allthewordsinalanguagetogetherconstitutewhatisknownasitsvocabulary.

wordvocabulary6.Vocabularyandwords7.ConstitutionofEnglishvocabulary

nativewordsborrowedwords7.ConstitutionofEnglishvoca.NativewordsNativewords:arethefoundationandthecoreoftheEnglishVocabulary.a.NativewordsNativewords:aFeaturesofnativewords

instructure:mostlymonosyllabicwords

inmeaning:expressthefundamentalconceptsdealingwitheverydayobjectsandthings

ingrammar:includemostpartsofspeechFeaturesofnativewordsinb.BorrowedwordsBorrowedwords(loanwords):arewordstakenfromforeignlanguages.b.BorrowedwordsBorrowedwordOriginofborrowedwordsDanishFrenchLatinGreekItalianSpanishArabicChineseRussianGermanOriginofborrowedwordsDanish8.Classificationofwords1Criteriaofclassification:Byorigin张维友8.Classificationofwords1Cri8.Classificationofwords1NativewordsBorrowedwords张维友8.Classificationofwords1Nat8.Classificationofwords2Criteriaofclassification:Bylevelofusage张维友8.Classificationofwords2Cri8.Classificationofwords2Basicwordstock(commoncore)Nonbasicvocabulary张维友8.Classificationofwords2Bas8.Classificationofwords2Basicwordstock(commoncore)1.allnationalcharacter2.stability3.productivity4.polysemy5.collocability张维友8.Classificationofwords2Bas8.Classificationofwords2Nonbasicwords1.terminology术语2.jargon行话3.slang俚语4.argot暗语5.dialectalwords方言6.archaisms古语7.Neologisms新语张维友8.Classificationofwords2Non8.Classificationofwords3Criteriaofclassification:Bynotion张维友8.Classificationofwords3张维友8.Classificationofwords3Contentwords(notionalwords)Functionalwords(emptywords)张维友8.Classificationofwords3Con8.Classificationofwords3Lexicalwords(nouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs)Grammaticalwords(pronouns,prepositions,demonstrative,determiners,conjunctions,auxiliaryverbs)杨信彰8.Classificationofwords3Lex8.Classificationofwords3TraditionalGrammar:8partsofspeechNounprepositionPronounconjunctionAdjectiveinterjectionVerbAdverb杨信彰8.Classificationofwords3Tra8.Classificationofwords3Quirk(1985):1.Closedclasses:proposition,pronoun,determiner,conjunction,auxiliaryverb2.Openclasses:noun,adjective,verb,adverb3.Lessercategories:numeral,interjection4.Asmallnumberofwordsofuniquefunction:theparticlenotandtheinfinitivemarkerto杨信彰8.Classificationofwords3QuiSummary

1.Definitionofaword

2.Soundandmeaning

3.Wordandlexicalitem

4.Meaningandconcept5.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmean