对外经济贸易大学英语学院《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

2010年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解PartⅠ TerminologyandPhraseTranslation(30%)SectionOne:TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(10points).1.dynamicequivalence【答案】动态对等查看答案2.misstheboat【答案】坐失良机查看答案3.spillthebeans【答案】泄漏秘密查看答案4.semioticdimension【答案】符号学层次查看答案5.postscript【答案】附录，后记查看答案6.outsourcing【答案】外包查看答案7.transliteration【答案】音译查看答案8.titfortat【答案】以牙还牙查看答案9.blacksheep【答案】害群之马查看答案10.over-translation【答案】过度翻译查看答案SectionTwo:TranslatefollowingtermsintoEnglish(10points).1.电子商务【答案】electroniccommerce查看答案2.对冲基金【答案】hedgefunds查看答案3.次贷危机【答案】subprimecrisis查看答案4.山寨手机【答案】emulationalmobilephone查看答案5.暗箱操作【答案】blackcasework查看答案6.本末倒置【答案】putthecartbeforethehorse查看答案7.破釜沉舟【答案】burnone’sbridges查看答案8.网恋【答案】onlineloveaffair查看答案9.科学发展观【答案】ScientificOutlookonDevelopment查看答案10.和谐社会【答案】aharmonioussociety查看答案SectionThree：GivefullformsofthefollowingacronymsandtranslatethemintoChinese(10points).1.MOU【答案】MemorandumofUnderstanding谅解备忘录查看答案2.GDP【答案】GrossDomesticProduct国内生产总值查看答案3.POW【答案】prisonerofwar战俘查看答案4.CPU【答案】CentralProcessingUnit中央处理器查看答案5.LC【答案】LibraryofCongress(美国)国会图书馆查看答案6.NGO【答案】Non-GovernmentOrganization非政府组织查看答案7.BBS【答案】BulletinBoardSystem电子公告板查看答案8.LCD【答案】LiquidCrystalDisplay液晶显示器查看答案9.WHO【答案】WorldHealthOrganization(联合国)世界卫生组织查看答案10.EAP【答案】EmployeeAssistanceProgram员工帮助计划查看答案PartⅡ PassageTranslation(120%)SectionOne:TranslatefollowingEnglishpassagesintoChinese(60points).Globalizationisunderstrainasneverbefore.Everywhereitsstressesrumble.Mostofsub-SaharanAfrica,SouthAmerica,theMiddleEast,andCentralAsiaaremiredinstagnationoreconomicdecline.NorthAmerica,WesternEurope,andJapanareboggeddowninslowgrowthandriskrenewedrecession.WarnowbeckonsinIraq.Foradvocatesofopenmarketsandfreetradethisexperienceposesmajorchallenges.Whyisglobalizationsoatrisk?Whyareitsbenefitsseeminglyconcentratedinafewlocations?Canamorebalancedglobalizationbeachieved?Noeasyanswerstothesequestionsexist.Openmarketsarenecessaryforeconomicgrowth,buttheyarehardlysufficient.Someregionsoftheworldhavedoneextremelywellfromglobalization—notablyEastAsiaandChinainrecentyears.Yetsomeregionshavedonemiserably,especiallysub-SaharanAfrica.Thetruthisthateconomicperformanceisdeterminednotonlybygovernancestandards,butbygeopolitics,geography,andeconomicstructure.Countrieswithlargepopulations,andhencelargeinternalmarkets,tendtogrowmorerapidlythancountrieswithsmallpopulations.Coastalcountriestendtooutperformlandlockedcountries.Countrieswithhighlevelsofmalariatendtoendureslowergrowththancountrieswithlowerlevelsofmalaria.Developingcountriesthatneighborrichmarkets,suchasMexico,tendtooutperformcountriesfarawayfrommajormarkets.Thesedifferencesmatter.Ifrichcountriesdon’tpayheedtosuchstructuralissues,wewillfindthatthegapsbetweentheworld’swinnersandloserswillcontinuetowiden.Ifrichcountriesblameunluckycountries—claimingthattheyaresomehowculturallyorpoliticallyunfittobenefitfromglobalization—wewillcreatenotonlydeeperpocketsofpovertybutalsodeepeningunrest.This,inturn,willresultinincreasinglevelsofviolence,backlash,andyes,terrorism.【参考译文】全球化正在经受前所未有的压力。这种压力在世界各地轰轰烈烈地持续着。大部分撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，南美，中东和中亚全都深陷经济停滞或经济衰退的泥潭。北美，西欧和日本陷入缓慢增长的困境，并面临着新一轮的经济衰退。而战争现在正在伊拉克召唤着。对于那些开放市场和自由贸易的倡导者来说，这钟经历提出了重大的挑战。为何全球化风险这样大？为何它的利益似乎只集中在少数几个地方？更加平衡的全球化能够实现吗？对这些问题，并没有简单的答案。开放的市场对经济增长来说是必要的，但却很难说是充分的。世界上有些地区，特别是东亚和中国，近些年来从全球化中获益匪浅，而有的地区则遭遇困境，尤其是撒哈拉以南的非洲。事实是，经济表现不仅取决于管理的标准，还取决于地缘政治，地理位置和经济结构。人口众多的国家拥有巨大的内部市场，往往比人口较少的国家发展速度快。沿海国家的表现往往优于内陆国家；疟疾肆虐的国家发展速度慢于疟疾罕见的国家；毗邻富裕市场的发展中国家，比如墨西哥，则遥遥领先于远离主要市场的国家。这些差异非常重要。如果富国不留意这种结构性的问题，我们会发现世界的贫富差距将继续增大。如果富国责怪这些运气不好的国家——声称他们不知为何在文化或政治上不适宜从全球化中受益——我们将不仅制造更深层次的贫困，还将加剧动荡不安，继而导致日趋严重的暴力，反击，以及恐怖主义。SectionTwo:TranslatethefollowingChinesepassageintoEnglish(60points).近年来，许多中国出口厂商受到了金融危机的冲击，我们必须采取有效措施来对付这种出口低迷的局面，全方位地开拓国际市场。俗话说：“不能在一棵树上吊死。”在选择新市场时要权衡其风险与机会，并且要反映迅速；要随时跟踪市场变化情况，以便选择有利时机和地点抓紧出口。只有那些富有活力、洞察力和应变力的企业才能在市场景气时大显身手，而在市场萧条时也能站稳脚跟。当某些市场疲软时，总还有另一些市场坚挺，所以能够做到“东方不亮西方亮”。出口商品必须有一流的品质、款式和包装，但行之有效的广告宣传和促销活动也很重要，尤其要提高用外语针对国外市场进行宣传的能力。赴国外参展、派人员出国推销、在国外建立生产或销售点等等，一定要讲求实效。【参考译文】Inrecentyears,manyChineseexportersareadverselyaffectedbythefinancialcrisis.Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththisexportslump,andtodevelopinternationalmarketsinalldirections.Justasthesayinggoes,“donothanginonetree”,whilechoosingthenewmarkets,wehavetoweightherisksandopportunitiesandtoreactrapidly;wealsoneedtokeeptrackofthechangesinmarketinordertoselectfavorabletimeandplacetoexport.Onlythoseenterprisesfullofvitality,insightandresiliencecouldflourishinthemarketandsurviveeveninthedepressedmarket.Whensomeofthemarketsareweak,therearealwaysothermarketsthatarestrong,thusweareabletofindanotherdoorwhenonedoorshuts.Exportsmusthavefirst-classquality,styleandpackaging,buteffectiveadvertisingandpromotionalactivitiesarealsoimportant,especiallythepromot