厦门大学《814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础》历年考研真题及详解

2003厦门大学417阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及详解PartOneReadingComprehension 70分Directions:Eachpassagebelowisfollowedbyquestionsbasedonitscontent.Afterreadingapassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.AndthenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Theplaceofthechildinsocietyhasvariedforthousandsofyearsandhasbeenaffectedbydifferentculturesandreligions.Inancienttimesunwantedchildrenwereoccasionallyabandoned,puttodeath,exploited,orofferedforreligioussacrifices,andinanyeventalargepercentageofthemdidn’tsurvivetheirphysicallyhazardousexistencetoachievematurity.InWesterncivilizationwithinthelastfewhundredyears,therehavebeenmanychangesinattitudetowardtheyoung.InagriculturalEurope,andlaterwiththebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,thechildrenofthepoorworkedlonghoursforlittleornopay,andtherewasnopublicconcernfortheirsafetyorwelfare.Punishmentcouldbebrutalandsevere,andsometimes-religiouspassionswereexpressedviolentlywithaviewtowardsavingthechild’ssoul.Bytheeighteenthcenturytheharsh,deterministic,doctrinairemethodsbegantoshowsomechange.Societyslowlyaccordedchildrenaroleofmoreimportance.Bookswerewrittenexpresslyforthemandgraduallylawswerepassedfortheirprotection.Inthepastfewdecadesparentshavebecomemoreattentivetotheneedsoftheirchildren.Betterhealthcareisavailableandeducationisnolongerreservedforalimitedfew.Withsomanynowabletogotocollege,manyrearinghasswungsofartowardpermissivenessthatmanychildrenaregrowingupalienatedfromsocietyandwithnorespectforlaworparentalauthority.Thetendencytodayisforteachersandparentstoemphasizeindividualresponsibilityandtostressthateducationalgoalsforstudentsshouldbetailoredtotheirchosenvocationsratherthanprovideageneralizedhighereducation.1．Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutchildren?A.Theyhavealwaysbeenthehopeofmankind.B.Incertainperiodsofhistorynoonecaredaboutthem.C.Inthemid-eighteenthcenturywesternattitudestowardchildrenbegantochange.D.Therewerelawsbarringchildlaborduringtheindustrialrevolution.2．Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutchildreninancienttimes?A.Theywereworshippedasdeities.B.Attimestheywereusedassacrificialofferings.C.Peoplewhodidn’twantchildrenusuallymurderedthem.3．Whatchangeshaveoccurredinthepastfewdecadeswithregardtothechild’splaceinsociety?A.Childraisinghasbecomemorepermissive.B.Publichealthhasimprovedsomuchthroughmedicaladvancesthatchildrennowneednoparticularhealthcare.C.Childrenarebecomingmoreintelligent.D.Childrenarebecomingmorerespectfultowardtheirparents.4．Whatisthepresenttrendinchilddisciplineandeducation?A.togiveasmanyyoungpeopleaspossibleapopulargeneralizedcollegeeducation.B.Tocreatemoreregimentationoftheindividual.C.toteachchildrentoconformtorigorousrules.D.toemphasizeindividualresponsibility.【答案与解析】1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句，在欧洲处于农业社会及工业革命前期时，无人关心孩子们的安全和福利，B正确。根据第三段第一句话可知，到18世纪工业革命命运主义和教条主义论开始有所改变，C选项时间不对，故C错误。2．B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句，对于不想要的孩子，他们会把他们作为祭祀品献给宗教事业，故B正确。3．A 细节辨析题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话，“随着许多人可以上大学，培养孩子的方式也越来越变成放任孩子不管，以至于许多孩子长大后反社会，不把法律和家长的权威放在眼里。”可知，A选项是简化了原文，故选A。4．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话中“现在的趋势是强调个体责任”，故D正确。Passage2Manyexperimentalcarshavebeendesignedasone-of-a-kindmodelstobeshownprivatelyorpresentedinautoshows,butneverproducedforactualsale.Onepurposeofsuchcarsistotestconsumerreactiontothevariousfeaturesshown.Theyarealsotheresultsofinspiredaswellasinnovativeideasdevelopedintheautomaker’sworkshops.Oneexperimentalcar,theFirebirdbyGeneralMotors,hadasinglestickcontrolsystemeliminatingtheconventionalsteeringwheel,brakepedalandaccelerator.Movingthesticktotheleftorfightsteeredthecarinthosedirections.Pushingforwardacceleratedthecarandpullingbackappliedthebrakes.Thecontrolstickwasinthecenterofthefrontcompartmentandeitherthedriverorthepassengercouldoperateit.5．Inthisparagraphwhatismeantbyanexperimentalcar?A.AdisplaycarthatcustomerscanhavemadetoorderB.OnethatthecompanywillproduceinvolumethefollowingyearC.Acartosuitthetastesoftheverywealthy.D.Acartotestpublicreactiontonewfeatures.6．WhatwassaidabouttheFirebirdputoutbyGeneralMotors?A.Itimmediatelyprovedtobeimmenselypopular.B.Itwasacarthatcouldbemaneuveredwiththeuseoffewerknobsandpedalsthanconventionalcars.C.Itwasanewsystemthatwaspracticallyfoolproof.D.Itgavethedriverasenseofsecurity.7．Whatdothemanufacturersaccomplishbymakingexperimentalcars?A.Theycantestoutnewdesignideasconceivedintheengineeringdepartment.B.Theyareusedtodeceivetheircompetitorsaboutthedirectionoftheirfuturedesigns.C.Theyaredisplayedtoshowpeoplehowbizarreindesigntheymaybecome.D.Theyservetooccupythesparetimeofdesignengineersduringslackseasons.【答案与解析】5．D 细节理解题。根据第二句话可知，实验车的目的就是想看看顾客对于新性能的反应，故选D。6．B 细节理解题。根据第四句话可知，Firebird是一辆实验车，而非系统，该车只用一个杆子操纵，相对于传统汽车而言，省去了刹车和油门，故B正确，C选项错在Firebird不是一个系统，故排除。7．A 细节理解题。根据第三句话可知，实验车也体现了汽车制造者新的设计想法，故A正确。Passage3One-roomschoolsarepartoftheheritageoftheUnitedStates,andthementionofthemmakespeoplefeelavaguelongingfor“Thewaythingswere.”One-roomschoolsareanendangeredspecies,however.Formorethanahundredyears,one-roomschoolshavebeensystematicallyshutdownandtheirstudentssentawaytocentralizedschools.Asrecentlyas1930therewere149,000one-roomschoolsintheUnitedStates.By1970therewere1,800.Today,ofthenearly800remainingone-roomschools,morethan350areinNebraska.Therestarescatteredthroughafewotherstatesthathaveontheirroadmapswide-openspacesbetweentowns.Nowthattherearehardlyanyleft,educatorsarebeginningtothinkthatmaybethereissomethingyettobelearnedfromone-roomschools,somethingthatservedthepioneersthatmightserveaswelltoday.Progressiveeducatorshavecomeupwithprogressive-soundingnameslike“peer-groupteaching”and“multi-agegrouping”foreducationalproceduresthatoccurnaturallyintheone-roomschool.Inaone-roomschoolthechildrenteacheachotherbecausetheteacherisbusypartofthetimeteachingsomeoneelse.Afourthgradercanworkatafifth-gradelevelinmathandathird-gradelevelinEnglishwithoutthestigmaassociatedwithbeingleftbackorthepressuresofbeingskippedahead.Ayoungsterwithalearningdisabilitycanfindhisorherownlevelwithoutbeingseparatedfromtheotherpupils.Inlargerurbanandsuburbanschoolstoday,thisiscalled“mainstreaming.”AfewhoursinasmallschoolthathasonlyoneclassroomanditbecomesclearwhysomanyparentsfeelthatoneoftheadvantagesoflivinginNebraskaisthattheirchildrenhavetogotoaone-roomschool.8．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?A.Todiscusspresent-dayeducationintheUnitedStates.B.Tomentionsomeadvantagesofone-roomschools.C.Topersuadestatestoclosedownone-roomschools.D.TosummarizethehistoryofeducationintheUnitedStates.9．Theauthorimpliesthatmanyeducatorsandparentstodayfeelthatone-roomschools_____.A.aretoosmallB.putpressureonteachersC.aretoofarapartD.provideagoodeducation10．Accordingtothepassage,whyareone-roomschoolsindangerofdisappearing?A.Theyskiptoomanychildrenahead.B.Therearenofourth-gradelevelsinanyofthem.C.Thereisatrendtowardcentralization.D.Theyallexistinonestate.11．Accordingtothepassage,abouthowmanyone-roomschoolarethereintheUnitedStatestoday?A.149,000B.1800C.800D.35012．Inthesecondparagraph,whatismentionedasamajorcharacteristicoftheone-roomschoolsystem?A.Itcausesmanychildrentobeleftback.B.Itmustworkinconjunctionwithanurbanschool.C.Itdoesnotallowteacherstodoanyindividualteaching.D.Itdoesnotlimitlearningtoonegradelevelatatime.13．Theattitudeoftheauthortowardone-roomschoolsisoneof_____.A.humorB.indifferenceC.commendationD.anger【答案与解析】8．B 主旨大意题。第一段介绍单班学校数量的减少，第二段介绍教育者和家长们意识到单板学校教育的好处，故作者旨在介绍单班学校的优势，故选B。9．D 段落大意题。第二段教育者们思考并借鉴单班学校的教学模式，说明教育者们一定程度上认可单班教学的优势，而第二段最后一句话家长们觉得住在内布拉斯加州的一个好处就是孩子们接受的是单班教育，两者都肯定了单班教育的教学优势，故选D。10．C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话可知，一百多年来孩子们都被送去念集中式学校，故C正确。11．C 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，留存下来的单班学校有800所，350所在内布拉斯加州，故C正确。12．D 细节理解题。第二段指出，单班教学就是所有年级都在一起上课，故D正确。13．C 作者观点题。第二段着重介绍了单班教学的优点，并没有谈及其缺点，故作者持支持观点，选C。Passage4Inthepast,evolutionarybiologistscontemplatingtheabsenceofwheelsinnatureagreedthattheexplanationwasnotundesirability;wheelswouldbegoodforanimals,justastheyareforus.Animalswerepreventedfromevolvingwheels,thebiologistsreasoned,bythefollowingdilemma:Livingcellsinananimal’sbodyareconnectedtotheheartbybloodvessels,andtothebrainbynerves.Becausearotatingjointisessentialtoawheel,awheelmadeoflivingcellswouldtwistitsartery,vein,andnerveconnectionsatthefirstrevolution,makinglivingwheelsimpracticable.However,thereisaflawintheargumentthattheevolutionofwheeledanimalswasthwartedbytheinsolublejointproblem.Thetheoryfailstoexplainwhyanimalshavenotevolvedwheelsofdeadtissuewithnoneedforarteriesandnerves.Countlessanimals,includingus,bearexternalstructureswithoutbloodsupplyornerves–forexample,ourhairandfingernails,orthescales,claws,andhornsofotheranimals.Whyhaveratsnotevolvedbonywheels,similartorollerskates?Pawsmightbemoreusefulthanwheelsinsomesituations,butcat’sclawsareretractable;whynotretractablewheels?WethusarriveattheseriousbiologicalparadoxflippantlytermedtheRRRdilemma:nature’sfailuretoproduceratswithretractablerollerskates.14．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.EvolutionaryBiology:NewResearchMethodsB.HowDoLivingJointsFunction?C.WheelsforAnimals:ABiologicalPossibility?D.TheEvolutionaryHistoryoftheWheel.15．Thepassagediscussestheevolutionofanimalsintermsoftheir_____.A.geneticstructuresB.reproductivecyclesC.anatomyD.behavior16．Thestructuralmaterialofthewheelsdiscussedinthepassagewouldbesimilartothatof_____.A.nervesB.jointsC.arteriesandveinsD.scalesandhorns17．Theconceptofretractablerollerskates,mentionedinthelastsentence,wouldbebestexplainedas_____.A.anevolutionaryvariationofclawsB.acomplexstructureoflivingtissueC.anexampleofhumaninterventioninnaturaldevelopmentD.anewdiscoverybyevolutionists【答案与解析】14．C 主旨大意题。全文讲述的是动物是否能进化出轮子作为身体的一部分，故选C。15．B 细节辨析题。能否进化出轮子与再生循环系统有关，故选B。其他选项文中没有提到。16．D 细节理解题。第一段已经说明了由活细胞构成的轮子是不可能的，所以文章主要谈论的是由非活细胞构成的轮子。第二段第三句话举出了由非活细胞构成的组织的例子，其中就包括scalesandhorns，故选D。17．A 细节辨析题。第二段倒数第三句反问为什么老鼠不能进化出类似于轮子的结构，倒数第二句反问既然猫的爪子可伸缩，为什么不能有可伸缩的轮子。最后一句将前两句合并后得出结论，是自然演变过程中没能使老鼠进化出可伸缩的轮滑鞋般的轮子，而仅仅是爪子。实际上可伸缩的轮滑鞋般的轮子就是爪子革命性的变体，故选A。全文只是质疑为什么大自然中没有进化出类似轮子的结构，但并没有提到有人类干预，故C错误。Passage5WhenthepersuadingandtheplanningfortheWesternrailroadshadfinallybeencompleted,thereallychallengingtaskremained:thedangerous,sweaty,backbreaking,brawlingbusinessofactuallybuildingthelines.ThemenwhotookitoncomprisedthemostcosmopolitanworkcrewinAmericanhistory.TheyincludedCivilWarveteransandfreedslaves,IrishandGermanimmigrants,Mormonsandatheists,Shoshonis,Paiutes,Washos,andChinese.Atthepeakoftheirlabors,theworkcrewslaidtwotofivemilesoftrackaday.Themenfilledravines,ranspiderytrestlesacrossrivesandvalleys,andpunchedholesthroughmountains.Andtheydidallthesejobslargelybytheirownmusclepower.Flatcarscarriedrailstowithinhalfamileoftherailhead:theretheironwasloadedontocarts.Aneyewitnessdescribedtheprocedure:“Alightcar,drawnbyasinglehorse,gallopsuptothefrontwithitsloadrails.Twomenseizetheendofarailandstartforward,therestofthegangtakingholdbytwosuntilitisclearofthecar.Theycomeforwardatarun.Atthewordofcommand,therailisdroppedinitsplace,rightsideup.Lessthanthirtysecondstoarailforeachgang,andsofourrailsgodowntotheminute.”18．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AnEyewitnessReportB.ADifficultTaskC.TheHiringofaConstructionCrewD.TheRailroadandtheCivilwar19．Accordingtothepassage,inadditiontolayingrailroadtrack,theworkcrewdidwhichofthefollowing?A.Climbedovermountainpeaks.B.Plannedrailroads.C.Caughthorses.D.Madetunnels.20．Insecondparagraph,theword“they”referto_____.A.menB.valleysC.mountainsD.jobs21．Whichofthefollowingphrasescouldbesubstitutedforthephrased“clearof”(inthethirdparagraph)withoutchangingthemeaningofthesentence?A.putthroughB.visibletoC.awayfromD.opento【答案与解析】18．B 主旨大意题。全文都在讲建铁路的人如何辛苦，故选B。19．D 细节理解题。第二段第二句提到铁路工人在山中打洞，说的就是挖隧道，故选D。20．A 细节理解题。第二段最后一句“他们完全靠自己做这些工作”，他们指的就是铁路工人，故选A。21．C 词义猜测题。beclearof表示“摆脱”，在原文中是指铁轨被工人们从车上拿下来，beawayfrom离开…，符合句意，故选C。Passage6WiththeshowRodeo,AgnesdeMillehadbeenaninnovatorintheworldofballet.ButwiththeshowOklahoma,sherevolutionizedtheBroadwaystage–broughttoanendthedancelineroutineofhighkicksandmechanizedmovement,andgaveinitsplacedanceadplotsmoothlyintegrated,choreographyreinforcingtheaction.Twenty-fiveyearslater,inMarch,1968,aNewYorkTime’sarticlebytheatercriticWalterKerr,headed“IntheBeginningwasOklahoma!”,stated,“Oklahoma!hadaplot.Ithadtodowithwhetheraboywouldsucceedintakingagirltoapicniclunch.Attheendofthefirsthalfthisgreatissuewasstillunresolved,sounresolvedthatitsemotionalimplicationshadtobedancedoutatgreatlengthinwhatremainsthemostexhilaratingdancing…everdevisedforUnitedStatesmusicalcomedystage.”TheimpactofOklahoma!wasinstantaneous.Thesong“BeautifulMorning”soundedoutviaradios,inrestaurants,fromcarspassingonthehighways,inshoeshineparlors.Fullskirtsofginghampatterns,streetshoesmadetolooklikeballetslippers,theponytailhairdo,weretherage.TheplayranforfiveyearsandnineweeksinNewYorkCity.Atravelingroadcompanyplayeditfornineandahalfyears.Italsotouredabroadforseveralyears.In1955itbecameamovie.Anewlyassembledall-starcompanywassentabroadbytheStateDepartmentasrepresentativeofapartofUnitedStatesculture.AsforAgnesdeMille,herdaysofgivingrecitalsandlosing$300to$1,000eachtimewereover.Shebecamethemostsought-afterchoreographeronBroadway.22．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?A.Toexplainthebackgroundofthesong“BeautifulMorning”B.tocompareRodeoandOklahoma!C.TodescribeAgnesdeMille’ssuccesswithOklahoma!D.TodiscussthefashionsmadepopularbyOklahoma!23．TheauthorcitesWalterKerrbecausehewas_____.A.thecomposerofthemusicforOklahoma!B.adancerwhoperformedwithAgnesdeMilleC.acriticwhopraisedAgnesdeMille’schoreographyD.theownerofTheNewYorkTimes24．Inthesecondparagraph,theexpression“weretherage”couldbestbereplacedby_____.A.createdchaosB.madepeoplecrazedC.madepeopleangryD.wereverypopular25．Accordingtothepassage,Oklahoma!wasselectedbytheStateDepartmenttobeperformedabroadbecauseitwas_____.A.consideredratherrevolutionaryB.representativeofanaspectofAmericanlifeC.poorlyreceivedinNewYorkCityD.aninspiringlovestory26．ThepassageimpliesthatpriororOklahoma!AgnesdeMillehadgivenrecitalsthatwere_____.A.popularcomedyroutinesB.financiallyunsuccessfulC.performedatpicnicsD.broadcastovertheradio【答案与解析】22．C 主旨大意题。全文讲的是艾格尼斯·德米尔通过《俄克拉荷马》这个作品革新了百老汇舞台并取得巨大成功的故事，故选C。23．C 细节理解题。第一段第三句说明WalterKerr是一个剧评家，他评价《俄克拉荷马》是美国音乐戏剧舞台上最令人愉悦的舞蹈，故选C。24．C 词义猜测题。betherage风靡一时，从文章赞扬《俄克拉荷马》这个角度来看，也不会选A、B、C，故选D。25．B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知《俄克拉荷马》是作为美国文化的代表而在国外演出的，故选B。26．B 细节理解题。根据最后一段艾格尼斯·德米尔此前作品造成亏损来看，这些作品经济上并不成功，故选B。Passage7Lichensareauniquegroupofcomplex,flowerlessplantsgrowingonracksandtrees.Therearethousandsofkindsoflichens,whichcomeinawidevarietyofcolors.Theyarecomposedofalgaeandfungiwhichunitetosatisfytheneedsofthelichens.Theautotrophicgreenalgaeproducealltheirownfoodthroughaprocesscalledphotosynthesisandprovidethelichenwithnutritionalelements.Ontheotherhand,theheterotrophicfungus,whichdependsonotherelementstoprovideitsfood,notonlyabsorbsandstoreswaterfortheplant,butalsohelpsprotectit.Thisunionbywhichtwodissimilarorganismslivetogetheriscalled“symbiosis.”Thissharingenableslichenstoresistthemostadverseenvironmentalconditionsfoundonearth.Theycanbefoundinsomeveryunlikelyplacessuchasthepolaricecapsaswellastropicalzones,indryareasaswellasinwetones,onmountainpeaksandalongcoastalareas.Thelichen’sstrongresistancetoitshostileenvironmentanditsabilitytoliveinharmonywithsuchenvironmentsisoneexamplethathumanityshouldconsiderintryingtosolveitsownproblems.27．Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Lichensarenotsimpleplants.B.Thelichenhabitatislimitedtothepolaricecaps.C.Lichenscanresistahostileenvironment.D.Heterotrophicplantsdependonotherelementstosupplytheirfood.28．Whatcanbesaidaboutautotrophicplantsandheterotrophicplants?A.Theyproducetheirfoodinthesamemanner.B.Heterotrophicplantsproducealltheownfood.C.Autotrophicplantsneedotherelementstosupplytheirfood.D.Theirmethodsoffoodproductionarecompletelydifferent.29．Whichofthefollowingconclusionscouldbemadeaboutlichens?A.Theyarefoundworldwideandarecomplexplantsmadeupofalgaeandfungi.B.Theyarefoundworldwideandaresimpleplants,symbioticinnature.C.Theyarefoundworldwideandarecompoundplantsmadeupentirelyofalgae.D.Althoughfoundworldwide,lichensarefoundmostlyasasimpleplantforminthetropics.30．Whichofthefollowingdirectlyrelatestoalgae?A.Itoffersprotectiontolichens.B.Itsupplieswaterforlichens.C.Itsuppliesitsownfood.D.Itisdependentonotherplantsforitsfoodsupply.【答案与解析】27．B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，青苔不论是在干还是湿的环境，还是在北极或赤道都可以生长，故B错误。28．D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句用“dissimilar”这个词形容藻类和菌类这两种有机体，dissimilar表示“不同的”，故D正确。29．A 细节理解题。第一段第一句话指出青苔是长在石头和树上独特的复杂无花群体植物。第二段最后一句话说明青苔是藻类和菌类的结合体，故A正确。30．C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话，藻类自给自足，且为青苔提供营养成分，故知C正确。A、B、D选项是菌类的特点，故排除。Passage8Whysaveendangeredspecies?Forthegeneralpublic,endangeredspeciesappeartobelittlemorethanbiologicaloddities.Averydifferentperceptionisgainedfromconsideringtheissueofextinctioninawidercontext.Theimportantpointisthatmanymajorsocialadvanceshavebeenmadeonthebasisoflifeformswhoseworthwouldneverhavebeenperceivedinadvance.Considertheimpactofrubber-producingoncontemporarylifeandindustry:approximatelytwo-thirdsoftheworld’srubbersupplycomesfromrubber-producingplantsandismadeintoobjectsasdiverseasrubberwashersandrubberboots.31．Theauthor’spointismadechieflyby_____.A.acknowledgingthevalidityoftwoopposingpointsofviewB.appealingtotheemotionsoftheaudienceratherthantotheirintellectsC.suggestingausefulperspectiveforviewingthequestionraisedatthebeginningofthepassage.D.tryingtodiscredittheviewofanopponentwithoutpresentinganalternativehypothesis32．Allofthefollowingfactscouldbeusedforasillustrativeexamplesinadditiontotheexampleofrubber-producingplantsexcept_____.A.Thediscoveryofthevaccineforsmallpoxresultedfromobservingtheeffectofthecowpoxvirusonthehandsofdairyworkers.B.themajorsourceofourpharmaceuticalsuppliesisplants,someofthemcommonlythoughtofasweeds.C.CertainantibioticswereoriginallyderivedfrommoldgrowingoncantaloupeD.Plasticisauniqueproductderivedfrompetroleumandpetroleumbyproducts.【答案与解析】31．C 推理判断题。第一句就提出为什么要拯救濒危物种的话题。传统的话题一般是解释濒危物种的重要性，而作者给出另一种观点，既不需要拯救濒危物种，并给出自己的理由：人类一些重大的进步都建立在相比于此没那么重要的生命形式的牺牲上，故此题C正确。D错在作者给出了自己的观点，故排除。32．A 细节辨析题。生产橡胶的植物的例子是指将大自然的产物纳为己用，可能会产生破坏或污染。B、C、D都符合阐述作者观点的例子，故选A。Passage9Accordingtoarecenthistoricalstudy,capitalpunishmentdetersmurderonlyduringweekswhenwell-publicizedexecutionstakeplace.Duringsuchweeks,homicidesfailtoalevelbelowaverage.Theyearlymurderrate,however,isnotaffectedbythenumberofwell-publicizedexecutions.33．Iftheabovepassageistrue,whichofthefollowingstatementsmustalsobetrue?A.Intheperiodstudied,thenumberofwell-publicizedexecutionsremainedvirtuallythesamefromyeartoyear.B.Foratleastoneweekduringanyyearsinwhichtherewerewell-publicizedexecutions,murderrateswereaboveaverage.C.Duringsomeweeksofeachyearofthestudy,anextraordinarynumberofpublicexecutiontookplace.D.Inthepast,newspapersconsideredcapitalpunishmentimportantnewsanddevotedextensivecoveragetoallexecutions.【答案】C查看答案【解析】推理判断题。该段落说明有些星期由于有公共处决发生，杀人犯的数量低于平均值。而每年的谋杀率并没有受到影响，那么说明一定有些星期的命案要高于平均值，这也就决定了行刑数量在有些星期较多，故选C。Passage10Jetfightershaverecentlybeenequippedwithelectronicsimprovementsenablingthepilottoshootdownanenemyplanewhilestilloutofsight.Thereis,however,thefollowingproblem:thereisnosurewayofdeterminingwhetheraplanethatisoutofsightisfriendorfoe.34．Whichofthefollowingproductssuffersfromadrawbackthat,initslogicalfeatures,ismostliketheproblemdescribedabove?A.Afirealarmsystemwithsuchahighheatandsmokethresholdthatitislikelytoreacttoolatetoadevelopingfire.B.Animprovedelectronicignitionsystemwhosesuperiorityislimitedtothoseratetimeswhenitisperfectlyadjusted.C.Aproductmarketedasaweedkillerthatkillsallplantstowhichitisappliedbeforetheyresumeactivegrowthinthespring.D.Acoldmedicinethatrelievesmostsymptomsofthecommoncoldbutalsocausesspellsofdizziness.【答案】C查看答案【解析】推理判断题。战斗机飞行员可以在敌方视野之外打击敌方，但是问题在于无法确定对方是敌是友。也就是说如果战斗机飞行员如果直接攻击对方，无论敌友都会被消灭。这与C选项的除草剂一个道理。该除草剂一旦使用，由于不能预测来年春天生长态势，可能把不该除掉的植物也一并除掉了，故选C。Passage11“Onthewhole,”Ms.Dennisremarked,“engineeringstudentsarelaziernowthantheyusedtobe.Iknowbecausefewerandfewerofmystudentsregularlydotheworktheyareassigned.”35．Theconclusiondrawnabovedependsonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?A.Engineeringstudentsareworkinglessbecause,inaboomingmarket,theyarespendingmoreandmoretimeinvestigatingdifferentjobopportunities.B.Whetherornotstudentsdotheworktheyareassignedisagoodindicationofhowlazytheyare.C.Engineeringstudentsshouldworkharderthanstudentsinlessdemandingfields.D.Lazinessissomethingmostpeopledonotoutgrow.36．WhichofthefollowingidentifiesaflawinMs.Dennis’reasoning?A.Plentyofpeoplebesidesengineeringstudentsdonoworkashardastheyshould.B.Ms.Dennisdoesnotconsidertheexcusesherstudentsmayhaveforbeinglazy.C.Theargumentdoesnotproposeanyconstructivesolutionstotheproblemitidentifies.D.TheargumentassumesthatMs.Dennis’studentsarerepresentativeofengineeringstudentsingeneral.【答案与解析】35．B 推理判断题。Ms.Dennis以自己学生是否按时做给他们指派的任务作为他们是否懒惰的标准，B选项含义为学生是否做指派的工作是他们多懒的一个标志。故选B。36．D 推理判断题。Ms.Dennis以偏概全，故选D。Passage12Athleticdirector:“Membersofoursportsteamsincluded,forthefallseason,80footballplayersand40cross-countryrunners:forthespringseason,20wrestlersand40swimmers;forthespringseason,50track-teammembersand20lacrosseplayers.Eachteamathleteparticipatesinhisorhersportfivedaysaweekforthewholethree-monthseason,andnoathleteisontwoteamsduringanyoneseason.Therefore,addingthesefigures,wefindthatourteamsportsprogramserves250differentindividualathletes.”37．Indrawingtheconclusionabove,theathleticdirectorfailstoconsidertherelevantpossibilitythat_____.A.athletescanbeonmorethanoneteaminasingleseasonB.athletescanbeonteamsinmorethanoneseasonC.someoftheteamsportsrequirealargernumberofathletesontheteamthandoothersD.moreathletesparticipateinteamsportsduringoneseasonthanduringanother.【答案】B查看答案【解析】推理判断题。原文中提到每个队的队员在每个季度每周需要参加五次训练，且任何一个季度运动员不能同时在两个队里，但是运动员可以在不同的季度在不同的队里，这是教练没有考虑到的。Passage13PopularcultureintheUnitedStateshasbecomeEuropeanizedtoanextentunimaginabletwenty-fiveyearsago.Notmanypeoplethandrankwinewithmeals,andnoonedrankimportedmineralwater.NoideawouldhavebeenmoreastonishingthanthatAmericanwouldpaytowatchsoccergames.SuchthoughtsarisebecauseofareportthattheAmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficialshasjustadoptedaproposaltodevelopthecountry’sfirstcomprehensiveinterstatesystemofroutesforbicycles.38．Whichofthefollowinginferencesisbestsupportedbythepassage?A.Long-distancebicycleroutesareusedinEurope.B.Drinkingimportedmineralwaterisagreaterluxurythandrinkingimportedwine.C.UnitedStatesculturehasbenefitedfromexposuretoforeignideas.D.MostEuropeansmakeregularusebicycles.【答案】A查看答案【解析】推理判断题。文中一切令人吃惊的想法均源于美国州公路及运输协会采纳的一项建议，这项建议主张在全国建造第一个州际自行车路线系统，而第一句话对此评价为“美国流行文化已经欧洲化，其程度在25年前无法想象”，说明建立州际自行车路线系统源于欧洲，故选A。Passage14Superficially,collegegraduatesin1982resemblecollegegraduatesof1964;theyarefairlyconservatives,welldressed,andinterestedintradition;theyrespecttheirparents.Butthereisadeep-seateddifference:amajorityofthemembersoftheclassof1982whoweresurveyedintheirfreshmanyearstatedthatmakingagoodincomewasanimportantreasonfortheirdecisiontogotocollege.39．Thestatementsinthepassageabove,iftrue,bestsupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions?A.Theconcernsofcollegegraduatesof1964weresuperficialcomparedtothefinancialworriesofcollegegraduatesof1982.B.Fewerthanhalfthestudentsoftheclassof1964declaredasfreshmenthattheyenteredcollegeinordertoincreasetheirearningpotential.C.Educationalbackgrounddidnotplayassignificantapartindeterminingincomein1964asitdoesin1982.D.Amajorityofthemembersoftheclassof1964revivedtheirreasonsforattendingcollegebetweentheirfreshmanyearandcollegeeducation.【答案】C查看答案【解析】推理判断题。表面上1982年大学毕业生和1964年大学毕业生特点相同，但是大多数1982年毕业生在他们大一做调查时承认获得一份好薪水是他们上大学主要原因，这说明1982年看重文凭是因为它与薪水紧密相关，而1964年的学生没有这样的想法，说明那时学历并没有对决定工资有重要影响，故选C。Passage15Manyofthosewhoadvocatetrimminghospitalcostsarguethatthefederalmoneysavedbysuchcutscouldtheutili