新课标英语：专题一+阅读理解1+Word版含解析

1.细节理解题一 A(2019·陕西咸阳模拟)话题：介绍公司难度：★建议用时：5分CompanieswithKidCEOsMaxineMarcus，TheAmbassadorCompanyUnlikemanyyoungCEOs,17­year­oldMaxineMarcusbuiltaservice，notaproduct.Hercompany，TheAmbassadorCompany，helpsbigcompaniesandbrandsunderstandtheteenviewpointandensuresthattheireffortstoconnectwiththemsucceed.BrandonandSebastianMartinez，AreYouKiddingThispairofbrotherscreatessomeprettystylishsocksfortheircompany，AreYouKidding.Theyincludefun，colorfuldesignsforkidsandadults，buttheircharityline，whichdesignsspecialsocksforvariouscharitieslikeSpecialOlympics，AutismAwareness，andBigBrothersBigSisters，maybetheirmostpopularandmeaningfuldesigns.Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik，SneakerDonBenjaminwasjust15whenhedecidedtoturnhispassionforsneakersintoabusiness，dealinginhard­to­get，limitededitionkicks.Hestartedoutbypayingfriendstostandinlinewhennewshoeswerereleasedbutnowhasconnectionswithretailers(零售商)tohelphimgetthemostsought­aftershoesinbulk(批量)forSneakerDon.Hecurrentlycountsstarathletesandmusicians，includingDJKhaledandP．Diddy，amonghisclients.MihirGarimella，FireflyThis18­year­oldStanfordfreshmanhasanumberofprojectsalreadyunderhisbelt，includingcreatingahomeworkapptoreplacepaperplannersandworkingontechnologytohelpwithaccidentalinjuriesinasoccergame.Buthislatestwork，FireflyAutonomy，involvesbuildingautonomousdrones(无人机)thatcangointodangerousordifficultlocations，frominspectingequipmenttoconducting.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几家CEO是年轻人的公司。)1．Inwhosecompanycanpeoplebuysportsshoes?A．MihirGarimella.B．Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik.C．MaxineMarcus.D．BrandonandSebastianMartinez.答案B解析细节理解题。由Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik，SneakerDon部分“Hestartedoutbypayingfriendstostandinlinewhennewshoeswerereleasedbutnowhasconnectionswithretailers(零售商)tohelphimgetthemostsought­aftershoesinbulk(批量)forSneakerDon.”可知在本杰明的公司，人们可以买到运动鞋，故选B。2．WhatdoesTheAmbassadorCompanyprovide?A．Technology. B．Socks.C．Opinions. D．Equipment.答案C解析细节理解题。由MaxineMarcus，TheAmbassadorCompany部分最后一句“Hercompany，TheAmbassadorCompany，helpsbigcompaniesandbrandsunderstandtheteenviewpointandensuresthattheireffortstoconnectwiththemsucceed.”可知选C。3．WhatmakesAreYouKiddingpopular?A．Itshomeworkapp.B．Itssoccergame.C．Itspotentialclients.D．ItsCharityline.答案D解析细节理解题。由BrandonandSebastianMartinez，AreYouKidding部分“...buttheirCharityline，whichdesignsspecialsocksforvariouscharitieslikeSpecialOlympics，AutismAwareness，andBigBrothersBigSisters，maybetheirmostpopularandmeaningfuldesigns.”可知，它的Charityline使得它很受欢迎，故选D。B(2019·山东青岛二模)话题：帮助穷人难度：★★建议用时：7分VijayGuptaisknowntoclassicalmusicloversacrosstheUnitedStates.HeservesasfirstviolinistfortheLosAngelesPhilharmonic.Inthatjob，heoftenplaystolargecrowds，includingmanyveryrichpeople.Whenheisnotperforming，heorganizesconcertsforhomelesspeople.“TheyhaveremindedmewhyIbecameamusician，”hesaid.Lastweek，GuptawasrecognizedforbeingafounderandtheartisticdirectorofStreetSymphony.Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters，jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.Guptaisamongthe25winnersofthe2018MacArthurFellowship，commonlyknownasthe“geniusgrant”．Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.Themoneyiscomingfromaprivategroup，theJohnD．andKatherineT．MacArthurFoundation.Itawardsgrants(补助金)topeoplewhoseworkitconsidersexceptionalandthat“inspireshopeinusall”．GuptasaidhegottheideaforStreetSymphonywhileteachingNathanielAyers，atrainedmusicianwhosementalillnessledtohomelessness.The31­year­oldgrantwinnersaidhedoesnotknowyethowhewillspendthemoney.Hehasbeenaperformersinceagesevenandtheawardwillgivehim“spacetobreathe，planandlookahead.”AnotherwinnerisRebeccaSandefur，anassociateprofessorofsociologyandlawintheUniversityofIllinois.TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheUSjusticesystem.47­year­oldSandefurcreatedthefirstnationalmappingofcivillegalaidproviders.Itshowswhichstateshadthefinancialresourcestoprovidesuchaidandwhichdidnot.Shealsofoundthatthecostoflegalservicesisonlyoneofthethingspreventingpoorpeoplefromgettinglawyers.Amongtheothersarefearsaboutunfairnessinthelegalsystem.Sandefurnotedthatalotofattentionhasbeenpaidtoproblemswiththecriminaljusticesystem，butmoreattentionmustbepaidtothecivilsideofthelaw，whichalsoaffectsmillionsofpeople.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者古普塔和桑德福尔分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而帮助穷人的故事。4．WhydidGuptawintheaward?A．Forhisachievementsinclassicalmusic.B．Forperformingforlargecrowds.C．Fororganizingagroupplayingforthehomeless.D．ForthefriendshipwithNathanielAyers.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters，jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.”可知，古普塔获得该奖是因为他组织的街道交响乐团为流浪者演奏音乐，故C项正确。5．WhatdoweknowaboutMacArthurFellowship?A．Itisfoundedbythegovernment.B．Itoffered$625,000to25winnersin2018.C．Itallowsthewinnerstousethemoneyfreely.D．Itawardspeoplewhomakegreatcontributionstosociety.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.”可知，每一位获奖者将在五年内获得62.5万美元的奖金，供其随意使用，故C项正确。6．WhatwastheextraordinarythingthatSandefurdid?A．Shemadeiteasiertogetlegalhelpforthepoor.B．Shemadethelegalsystemfairer.C．Shepaidmoreattentiontothecriminaljusticesystem.D．Sheofferedlegalaidstothepoorfreely.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheUSjusticesystem.”可知，美联社称，桑德福尔的研究为贫困地区参与美国司法系统提供了新途径。由此可知，桑德福尔使穷人更容易获得法律援助，故A项正确。7．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GrantsWinners，InspiringthePoorB．TheCityHomeless，inNeedofHelpC．VijayGupta，anExtraordinaryViolinistD．MacArthurFoundation，AwardingExceptionalWork答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者古普塔和桑德福尔分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而帮助穷人的故事，故A项作本文标题最佳。C(2019·天津部分区二模)话题：破解基因难度：★★★建议用时：8分Hackingisn’tjustforcomputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy，scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday，theresultscouldincreasethenumberoffoodsproducedaroundtheworld.Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.Hackedplantsarelargerthannormalplants.Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight，waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistssaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergy.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes，thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally，thissystemstartswhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight，itcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade，theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant’sgenes，theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult，leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthontwoplantsincreasedby20percent，whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswouldproducethesameresultsincornandrice.AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense，butcautionedtheyield(产量)mightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still，sheaddedinanemail，“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家通过研究发现了一种通过破解植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法，这种方法对提高粮食产量是个重大突破。8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Wecanfindhackingonlyindigitaldevices.B．Aplant’sgenescanbechangedbyhacking.C．Hackinghasbeenusedinimprovingfoodproduction.D．Hackingcanbeusedtochangewhateveryouwant.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.”可知，科学家发现了一种破解植物基因的方法，可以使植物更快地利用阳光。由此可知，植物的基因可以通过破解来改变，故B项正确。9．Whydidscientistschoosetobaccoplantstostudy?A．Becausetheyareveryeasytoget.B．Becausetheirgenesareeasytochange.C．Becausetheyarelargerthanotherplants.D．Becausetheycanabsorbsunlightquickly.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.”可知，科学家在研究中选择使用烟草植物是因为它们的基因很容易改变，故B项正确。10．Whatdoweknowaboutphotosynthesis?A．Ithelpsplantstoproduceenergy.B．Itisregardedasaproductivesystemforplants.C．Itcanincreaseleafgrowthonplantsby14percent.D．Itismadeupofsunlight，waterandcarbondioxide.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，光合作用这个词用来描述植物如何利用阳光、水和二氧化碳制造自己的食物。由此可知，光合作用能帮助植物产生能量，故A项正确。11．WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatchangingtheplants’genesproved.A．useless B．deadlyC．effective D．unrealistic答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Asaresult，leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.”可知，科学家在研究中使用的植物叶片生长量增加了，由此可知，破解植物基因的方法证明是有效的，故C项正确。D(2019·广东揭阳二模)话题：真正的美丽难度：★★★建议用时：8分You’resoyoungrightnow，butIhopethisletterwillbehelpfultoyouonedaywhenyou’reolder.Ifeelitismyresponsibility，asamotheroftwolittlegirls，toleadyoudownapaththatisrelativelyhealthywhenitcomestobeautyandself­image.Inalotofwomen’seyes，I’veprobablyalreadyfailedinthisaspectduetoalotofpinkBarbiedollsinVera’sroomrightnow.ButIwillsaythisaboutBarbiedolls:IplayedwithBarbiedollsformanyyearswhenIwasgrowingupandhereIhaveahealthybodyandapositiveimage.Ihaveamaster’sdegree，asuccessfulcareerandapublishedbook.IfBarbiedollswerereallysodamagingtomyfemininity(女人气质)andself­image，IhighlydoubtwhetherIcouldlistalloftheseachievements.It’shardforwomennottoworryaboutourweightortowishwecouldaffordmorestylishclothes.It’shardnottowantsomeoneelse’shairoreyelashes.Wewomengoroundandroundincircles，holdinghandsandtryingtobeoneanothersometimes.ThethingI’lltellyouisthis:noteventheprettiestofusfeelsettled.Thegirlyouthinklooksthemostperfectinalltheworldisprobablythegirlwhowantstochangeherselfmorethananyoneelse.Don’tletthatmessagecarryanyweightwithinyourselves.Youarenotworthless.Youaresofullofloveandlightandyoushouldletitshinethroughyoureverysecond.Ifsomeonepushesyoudownforstandingtallthenjustpushyourselfbackupandstandeventaller，andknowthatthereasonwhytheypushedyoudowninthefirstplaceisjustthatthey’rescared.IwanttotellyouthatIhaveneverinmylifefeltmorebeautifulthanwhenIhavestoodmytallest.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者告诉自己的女儿什么才是真正的美丽。女性都喜欢追求完美的外表，而真正的美丽是带着爱和坚强挺直腰板。12．WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutBarbiedolls?A．Theydidnoharmtoherimage.B．Theyenabledhertoachievealot.C．Theypreventedherdevelopment.D．Theycontributedtoherpromotion.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“IfBarbiedollswerereallysodamagingtomyfemininity(女人气质)andself­image，IhighlydoubtwhetherIcouldlistalloftheseachievements.”可知，作者认为芭比娃娃对她的自我形象无害，故选A。13．Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A．It’swomen’snaturetobeenvious.B．It’seasytoreadwomen’sthoughts.C．Womenliketobeclosetoeachother.D．Womentendtopursueaperfectappearance.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“It’shardforwomennottoworryaboutourweightortowishwecouldaffordmorestylishclothes.”可知女性往往倾向于追求完美的外表。故选D。14．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestherdaughtersdo?A．Trytobethemostbeautiful.B．Standtallwithloveandtoughness.C．Comparethemselveswithotherstoimprove.D．Pushothersdownonthewaytobethetallest.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段可知作者希望女儿带着爱和坚强挺直腰板。故选B。15．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingtheletter?A．Totellherdaughterswhatrealbeautyis.B．Towarnherdaughtersofthetroubleinlife.C．Tosharewithherdaughtersallherexperiences.D．Topersuadeherdaughterstofollowherexample.答案A解析写作意图题。根据第一段第二句“Ifeelitismyresponsibility，asamotheroftwolittlegirls，toleadyoudownapaththatisrelativelyhealthywhenitcomestobeautyandself­image.”以及全文内容可知，作者写信的主要目的是告诉女儿什么才是真正的美丽，故选A。二 A(2019·四川双流中学模拟)话题：夏威夷景色难度：★建议用时：6分OneofthehardestpartsofplanningatriptoHawaiiisdecidingwhichofthemajorHawaiianIslandsyoushouldvisit.Eachhasitsownpersonalityandoffersuniqueadventuresandactivities.OahuOahuhasabitofeverything，packedin597squaremiles.Youcanhikeintothickrainforests，andwhenyouneedabreak，relaxonpowderywhitesandbeachesandstayatluxuryresorts.Oahuhasbecomeagreatdestinationforfamilies.Theurbancore(核心)ofHonoluluandWaikikihashistoricsites，museumsandbustling(熙熙攘攘的)andnightlifescenes.TheislandlivesuptoitsnicknameoftheGatheringPlace.MauiMauiisagreatislandforhoneymooners.TheValleyIslehastop­classresortsandgolfcourses，adjacent(毗邻)tosomeofthestate’sbestbeaches.Seeingalargedormant(休眠)volcanoineastMauiatsunriseorsunsetisasereneexperience，aswellasdrivingtheRoadtoHana，famedforitsthunderingwaterfalls.KauaiKauaiistheoldestofthemainHawaiianIslands.Theislandgetsalotofrain，butthat’swhatmakesitsolively，andyou’llcomeacrossflowersandplantsyou’veneverseenbefore.Forsomeofthebestviewsontheisland，visitWaimeaCanyon，knownastheGrandCanyonofthePacific，andtheNaPalicoast，boastingsomeoftheworld’shighestseacliffs.BigIslandTheBigIslandistheonlyHawaiianislandstillgrowing.WitnessthepowerofPele，theHawaiiangoddessoffire，wind，lightningandvolcanoeswithavisittotheHawaiiVolcanoesNationalPark.It’soneofthefewspotsintheworldwhereyoucanseelavaflow.Infact，theBigIslandhas10oftheworld’ssub­climatezones，fromthesnow­coveredmountainofMaunaKea，greenforestsofWaipioValleytostretchesofbarrendesert.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了夏威夷部分岛屿的景色。每一个岛屿都有自己的个性，提供独特的风景和活动。1．Whichisyoungcouples’favorite?A．Oahu. B．Maui.C．Kauai. D．BigIsland.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Mauiisagreatislandforhoneymooners.”可知，毛伊岛是度蜜月的好地方，适合年轻的夫妻去。故选B。2．HowisOahudifferentfromtheotherplaces?A．ItbelongstoHawaii.B．Itoffersthebestbeaches.C．Ithasvarietiesofplants.D．Youcanexperiencecitylifeonit.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在瓦胡岛可以体验城市生活，这是不同于其他几个地方的。故选D。3．WhatdoMauiandBigIslandhaveincommon?A．Theyarebothcoveredwithsnow.B．Youcanhavealookatavolcano.C．Weatherischangeable.D．Thereisplentyofrain.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知，在毛伊岛有休眠的火山；根据最后一段可知，夏威夷大岛也有火山。故选B。B(2019·河北衡水中学调研)话题：美国总统特朗普难度：★★建议用时：7分DonaldJohnTrump(bornonJune14,1946)，isanAmericanbusinessmanandpoliticianwhobecamethePresident­electoftheUnitedStatesonNovember8,2016.Since1971hehaschairedTheTrumpOrganization，theprincipalholdingcompanyforhisrealestateventuresandotherbusinessinterests.Duringhisbusinesscareer，Trumphasbuiltofficetowers，hotels，casinos，golfcourses，andotherbrandedfacilitiesworldwide.TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCityandreceivedabachelor’sdegreeineconomicsfromtheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityofPennsylvaniain1968.In1971，hewasgivencontrolofhisfatherFredTrump’srealestateandconstructionfirm.TrumphasappearedattheMissUSApageants，whichheownedfrom1996to2015，andhasmadecameoappearancesinfilmsandtelevisionseries.Trumpandhisbusinesses，aswellashisthreemarriages，havereceivedprominentmediaexposure.HehostedapopularNBCrealityshow，TheApprentice，from2004to2015.Asof2016，hewaslistedbyForbesasthe324thwealthiestpersonintheworld，and156thintheUnitedStates，withanetworthof$3.7billioninOctober2016.TrumpfirstcampaignedfortheUSpresidencyin2000，winningtwoReformPartyprimaries.OnJune16,2015，Trumpagainannouncedhiscandidacyforpresident，thistimeasaRepublican.Trumpbecameknownforhisoppositiontoillegalimmigrationandfreetradeagreements，aswellashisfrequentlynon­interventionistviewsonforeignpolicy，andquicklyemergedastheRepublicannominationfront­runner.AsofMarch23,2016，Trumphaswon21contestsinthe2016Republicanpresidentialprimaries.Hewaselectedasthe45thUSpresidentinthe2016electionontheRepublicanticket，defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillaryClinton，andtookofficeonJanuary20,2017.At70yearsold，heistheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了美国的第45位总统唐纳德·特朗普。)4．Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom.A．astorybook B．abiographybookC．asciencebook D．anadvertisement答案B解析文章出处题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了美国的第45位总统唐纳德·特朗普，这是一篇人物传记，故选B项。5．WhereisDonaldTrump’shometown?A．InLondon. B．InParis.C．InNewYork. D．InBeijing.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCity...”可知，他的家乡是纽约。故选C。6．FromthepassagewecanknowthatDonaldTrumpwas.A．wealthyandsuccessfulB．intelligentbutmeanC．good­temperedandtolerantD．forgetfulandsensitive答案A解析推理判断题。根据前三段内容可推知，他富有且成功。故选A。7．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．DonaldTrumpisonlysuccessfulinbusinessfieldB．DonaldTrumpwasborninapoorfamilyC．DonaldTrumpisinfavorofillegalimmigrationD．DonaldTrumpistheoldestpresidentoftheUnitedStates答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“At70yearsold，heistheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.”可知，他是美国历史上年纪最大的总统。故选D。C(2019·湖南怀化二模)话题：学历和收入难度：★★★建议用时：8分What’sthepointofstudying?It’ssomethingyoumightaskyourselfifyou’restudyingforadegreeandyou’restrugglingtocompletehomeworkorinanexam，especiallyifyourfriendsseemtobeouthavingagoodtime，orareworkingandearninglotsofmoney.Manyofuschoosetogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagoodcareerbutsometimesthatcareerishardtoachieveandgraduatesendupdoingsomethingtheyareoverqualifiedfor.Withtheincreasingcostsofuniversity，studentsbegintoaskthemselveswhetheradegreepathisthebestrouteintoacareer.Thereisaneedformuchbettercareeradviceandguidanceintoemploymentinadditiontouniversityeducation.Butothernewresearchsaysthatadegreewillinthelongrun，earnyoumore.Howevertherearedifferencesinyourearningpotential.DrJackBrittonsaysthat“graduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnanaverageof￡33,500afterfiveyears—about40%morethanthosewhostudiedatotheruniversities.”However，ithasfoundit’snotjustthelocationbutotherfactorsthatcanplayapartinwhatyoucanearn，suchasthesubjectastudentchoosestostudy.Itdiscoveredthatfiveyearsaftergraduation，theincomegapbetweenstudentswhostudiedthesubjectsthatattractthehighestandlowestsalariescanbeconsiderable.Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw，medicine，dentistryaswell，tendtodowell.Andastheyprogress，thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers，suchasthecreativearts，widens.Therearefactorstoothatinfluencewhatyoumightearn:Fiveyearsaftergraduation，menearnonaverage14%morethanwomen.Also，astudent’ssocialbackgroundcanhaveaneffect，withthosefrombetter­offhouseholdmuchmorelikelytogotouniversityandparticularlyagoodone.Butifyoustillfeeluniversitydoesn’tdeliverthebestopportunitiesthenthereareencouragingwordsfromAlistairJarvis，headofuniversitiesUK，whotoldBBCNewsthat“Employersaredemandingmoregraduatesandgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon­graduates.Therearemanygoodgraduateoutcomescomingfromuniversities.”Somaybeallthatstudyingisworthit—afterall“nopain，nogain”！语篇解读这是一篇议论文。上大学获取一个学位可不是件容易的事。大多数人相信，获得大学文凭对一名毕业生的未来职业发展必有帮助。但这一纸文凭真的那么管用吗？学生所学习的专业会影响其未来的就业和收入吗？短文讨论了学历和收入之间的关系。8．Whydostudentsstarttoquestionwhethertogotouniversityornot?A．Becauseoftheheavystudyingburden.B．Becausetheycan’tgetadegreeaftergraduation.C．Becausetheydon’tneedadegreefortheircareer.D．Becauseoftheincreasingcostsofuniversity.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，随着大学费用的不断增加，学生们开始问自己，大学学位是否是进入职业生涯的最佳途径。所以学生们开始质疑是否要上大学是因为大学费用的不断增加。故选D项。9．Whichmajormaymostprobablyleadtoalower­earningcareer?A．Medicine. B．Law.C．Creativearts. D．Dentistry.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句“Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw，medicine，dentistryaswell，tendtodowell.Andastheyprogress，thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers，suchasthecreativearts，widens.”可知，创意艺术专业最有可能是收入较低的职业。故选C项。10．WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobefiredaccordingtoAlistairJarvis?A．Graduates. B．Non­graduates.C．Doctors. D．Employers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Employersaredemandingmoregraduatesandgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon­graduates.”可知，雇主们要求更多的大学毕业生，而大学毕业生失业的可能性只有未受高等教育失业的可能性的一半。所以可以判断出未受高等教育的人更可能失业。故选B项。11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A．RussellGroupuniversitiesaretopones.B．Moststudentsgotouniversitytogetagoodcareer.C．One’slocationhasnoeffectonhisincome.D．Graduatesoftenhavemoreacademicqualificationsthanrequiredforaparticularjob.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知，罗素集团24所大学的毕业生五年后的平均收入为33500英镑，比其他大学毕业生收入高出40%。通过五年后的平均收入(33500英镑)以及比其他大学收入高出的百分率(40%)可以判断出，罗素集团的大学是一流的。故选A项。D(2019·河南安阳二模)话题：个人观点难度：★★★建议用时：8分Someoftheworld’sbiggestcompanies—Apple，Amazon，Facebook—didn’texist30yearsago.Sowhatfirmsareweworkingforin2050?That’saquestionputforwardbyhistorianYuvalNoahHarariinhisnewbook“21Lessonsforthe21stCentury”．Hearguesthatbecausetechnologyischangingsofast，it’soneofthefirsttimesinhumanhistorywhenwedon’tknowwhatjobswilllooklikeinthecomingthreedecades.“Sothebestbetistofocusonemotionalintelligence(EQ)，”hesaid.“Informationisthelastthingthekidsneed.Theyhavetoomuchofit.”Inthisbook，hefocusesonthevariouschallengesfacingustoday.Ashewritesinthebook’sintroduction：“Whataretoday’sgreatestchallenges?Whatshouldwepayattentionto?Whatshouldweteachourkids？”Oneareawherethesequestionscropupisartificialintelligence(AI)．HararibelievesthatAIwillcompletelyaffectthejobmarketforthenextgenerationofworkers.Hisfirsttwobooks—“Sapiens”and“HomoDeus”—becameinternationalbestsellers，se