2023年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试历年高频考点试题含答案

2023年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试历年高频考点试题含答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.参考题库(共50题)1.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.2.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein（）andvocabulary.A、usageB、grammarC、pronunciationD、structure3.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.4.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.5.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.6.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]7.Whatisidiolect?8.phonicmediumoflanguage9.registers10.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?11.Pragmatics12.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.13.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re-;un-;anti-;super-;-wise;-itis;-ize;-age14.culturaltransmission(asadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage)15.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm（）.16.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?17.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are（）.A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair18.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof（）toformacompletestatement,（）orcommand.19.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple20.Language21.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof5morphemes.22.voicing23.Alinguafranca24.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition（）.A、LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformatioB、Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC、ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD、Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse25.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence26.Ac（）sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses，oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.27.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina（）formula“S→NPVP”.A、hierarchicalB、linearC、treediagramD、vertical28.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.29.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.30.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe（）cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis31.“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa(n)（）.A、entailmentB、presuppositionC、anomalyD、contradiction32.Drawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagramforeachofthefollowingsentences: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)JohnsuggestedMarytakethelinguisticsclass.33.Itisthe（）onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A、CaseConditionB、parameterC、AdjacentConditionD、AdjacentParameter34.Duality35.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.36.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.37.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.38.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?39.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:（）.A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds40.generallinguistics41.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment42.（）referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang43.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.44.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.45.Oncethenotionof（）wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content46.blending47.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist，justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.48.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage，learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget（）.49.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning（）isconsidered.A、referenceB、speech

actC、contextD、practicalusage50.contrastiveanalysis第1卷参考答案一.参考题库1.正确答案:正确2.正确答案:C3.正确答案:正确4.正确答案:错误5.正确答案:错误6.正确答案: [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high7.正确答案: Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.8.正确答案:Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication，i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.9.正确答案:Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations，incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason，registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.10.正确答案: Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements. Forexample.thephrase“theoldmenandwomen”mayhavetwointerpretationsi.e.theadjective“old”maymodifythenoun“men”orthefollowingtwonouns“menandwomen”.Linearorderanalysiscannottellthisdifference.soitisambiguous.Whereas,theconstituentortreediagramsanalysiscanmakethisdifferenceclear.So.wesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureanalysis.(NPNPNPNPNPNPTheoldmenandthewomentheoldmenandtheoldwomen.11.正确答案:Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowspeakersoflanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.12.正确答案:错误13.正确答案: re-：again，e.g.retype，reorganize un-：not，reverse，e.g.unhappy，unlock anti-：against，anti-drug，anti-imperialism super-greaterthanusual，e.g.superpower，superman -wise：inthemannerof，e.g.clockwise，moneywise -itis：infection.e.g.bronchitis，arthritis -ize：makeinto，e.g.realize，modernize -age：eage，linkage14.正确答案:Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage，butdifferentfromanimals，theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted，ratheritisculturallytransmitted，i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.15.正确答案:metathesis16.正确答案: Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.17.正确答案:D18.正确答案:words；question19.正确答案:A20.正确答案:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.21.正确答案:错误22.正确答案: Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.23.正确答案:Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefromdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.24.正确答案:A25.正确答案:D26.正确答案:complex27.正确答案:B28.正确答案:voiceless；voiced；voiced29.正确答案:正确30.正确答案:B31.正确答案:D32.正确答案: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)Johnsuggested(that)Marytakethelinguisticsclass.33.正确答案:C34.正确答案:Duality:Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.Atthelowerorthebasiclevel,thereisthestructureofsounds,whichareme