F.-Scott-Fitzgerald-美国文学菲斯杰拉德

F.

Scott

Fitzgerald斯科特▪菲茨杰拉德

Francis

Scott

Key

Fitzgerald

(September

24,

1896

–December

21,

1940),

known

professionally

as

F.

ScottFitzgerald,

was

an

American

novelist

and

short

story

writewhose

works

illustrate

the

Jazz

Age.

While

he

achievedlimited

success

in

his

lifetime,

he

is

now

widely

regardedone

of

the

greatest

American

writers

of

the

20th

century.Fitzgerald

is

considered

a

member

of

the

"Lost

Generation"of

the

1920s.

He

finished

four

novels:

This

Side

of

ParadisThe

Beautiful

and

Damned,

The

Great

Gatsby,

and

Tender

Isthe

Night.

A

fifth,

unfinished

novel,

The

Last

Tycoon,

waspublished

posthumously.

Fitzgerald

also

authored

4collections

of

short

stories,

as

well

as

164

short

storiesmagazines

during

his

lifetime.Life

and

CareerPrimary

WorksFitzgerald

and

the

Jazz

AgeThe

American

DreamWriting

StyleOutline

Born

in

St.

Paul,

Minnesota

onSeptember

24,

1896

Had

an

expensive

education

inprivate

schools

at

Princeton.

Due

to

illness

and

neglect

of

academic

study,he

left

the

university

in

1917

withoutgraduation.Life

and

career

Married

Zelda

Sayre,

who

exerted

a

strong

influence

on

hi

literary

career

and

his

personal

life.

She

was

the

protot

of

a

series

of

rich,

beautiful

women

who

figure

prominent

in

his

fiction.

The

young

couple

frequently

went

abroad

and

livedextravagantly

a

luxurious

life.

To

keep

earning

enough

money,

Fitzgerald

wrote

shortstories

and

novels

at

a

rapid

speed.

The

1930s

brought

relentless

decline

for

Fitzgeraldwith

a

series

of

misfortunes:

his

reputation

declined,his

wealth

fell,

his

health

failed.

Zelda

had

suffered

from

some

serious

mentalbreakdowns

which

confined

her

in

a

sanitarium(疗养院)for

the

rest

of

her

life.

Alcoholism,

loneliness

and

despair

combinedto

ruin

Fitzgerald.

He

died

in

1940

of

aheart

attack.Key

worksnovelsThis

Side

of

Paradise《天堂的另一面》:His

first

novel.It

won

for

himwealth

and

fame.The

Beautiful

and

Damned

《漂亮冤家》又名《美丽与毁灭》The

Great

Gatsby

《了不起的盖茨比/长岛春梦》:His

masterpiece.Itmade

him

one

of

the

greatest

American

novelists.Tender

is

the

Night《夜色温柔》.The

Last

Tycoon《最后的大亨》:His

last

novel.It

remains

unfinished.Primary

worksshort

stories:Flappers

and

Philosophers

(1921)《时髦女和哲学家》Tales

of

the

Jazz

Age

(1922)《爵士时代的故事》All

the

Sad

Young

Man

(1926)《一代悲哀的年轻人》Taps

at

Reveille

(1935)《早晨的起床号》Babylon

Revisited（1931）《重访巴比伦》艺术特色纵观菲茨杰拉德的小说，他描写的都是当时美国青年人的精神状态和社会生活。在他的小说中，所有的主人公都是风华正茂，正是大有作为的壮志青年，可是随着情节的发展，这些青年充满激情的个人奋斗并没能实现他们梦想中的成功和财富，他们无一不遭受到命运的捉弄，往往在经历了残酷而虚假的现实冲击后，都彻底丧失了自我，最终一步步走向了毁灭的道路。菲茨杰拉德的小说创作是一种有自传倾向的自我体验式写作。他以自己的现实生活为基础，通过自己的小说创作细致地描画自己所处的时代和社会风貌，从而真实地再现了“爵士时代。菲茨杰拉德的大部分小说都是以他自己的生活经历为蓝本，或是出于他个人对人生的情感体验，或是包含了他自己人生经历中的一部分。在他的小说中，充满了他个人的自我意识和思想情感。Fitzgerald

and

the

Jazz

AgeThe

Jazz

Age:It

refers

to

the

1920s,a

time

marked

byfrivolity(轻松快活),carelessness,hedonism(享乐主义)and

excitement

in

the

life

of

the

flaming

youth.Fitzgeraldis

largely

responsible

for

the

term

andmany

of

his

literary

works

portray

it.The

Jazz

Age

is

brought

vividly

to

lifein

The

Great

Gatsby.Fitzgerald

and

the

Jazz

Age

Most

critics

have

agreed

that

Fitzgerald

isboth

an

insider

and

an

outsider

ofthe

JazzAge.

Fitzgerald"s

fictional

world

is

the

bestembodiment

of

the

spirit

of

the

Jazz

Age,

inwhich

he

shows

a

particular

interest

in

theupper-class

society,

especially

the

upper-class

young

people.Fitzgerald

and

theAmerican

Dream

the

American

Dream

is

a

popular

belief

that

people

can

achieve

success,

whether

it

iswealth,

fame

or

love

through

honest

hardworking

in

a

new

world

of

liberty,

equality,chances

and

promises.Fitzgerald"s

fictions

often

deal

withthebankruptcy

of

the

American

Dream,

whichis

highlighted

by

the

disillusionment

of

theprotagonists"

personaldreams

due

to

theclashes

between

their

romantic

vision

of

lifeand

the

sordid

reality.

Fitzgerald‘s

own

life

was

a

mirror

of

the1920s.He

was

the

victim

of

his“AmericanDream.”He

was

fascinatedwithmaterialwealth

on

one

hand

by

writing

hard

toaccumulate

wealth

to

live

an

extravagant(铺张的)life,yet

was

bewildered(使迷惑)with

the

wealthon

the

other,fully

aware

of

the

underlyingspiritual

disorientation

and

moral

decay.Finally

in

his

life,

alcoholism, loneliness

andespair

combined

to

ruin

him.Fitzgerald

and

the

American

DreamWriting

Style

Fitzgerald

is

considered

as

a

great

stylist

in

Americaliterature.

His

style,

closely

related

to

his

themes,

iexplicit

and

chilly.

His

accurate

dialogues,

his

carefobservation

of

mannerism,

styles,

models

and

attitudes

provide

the

reader

with

a

vivid

sense

ofreality.

He

used

the

scenic

method

in

his

chapters,each

one

of

which

consists

of

one

or

more

dramaticscenes,

sometimes

with

intervening

passagesof

narration,

leaving

the

tedious

processof

transition

to

the

readers‘

imagination.

Fitzgerald‘s

prose

is

smooth,

sensitive,

andcompletely

original

in

its

diction

and

metaphors.(1)There

was

music

from

my

neighbor’shouse

through

the

summer

nights.

In

hisblue

gardens

men

and

girls

came

and

wentlike

moths

among

the

whisperings

and

thechampagne

and

the

stars.

At

high

tide

in

theafternoon

I

watched

his

guests

diving

fromthe

tower

of

his

raft,

or

taking

the

sun

on

thehot

sand

of

his

beach

while

his

two

motor-boats

slit

the

waters

of

the

Sound,

drawingaquaplanes

over

cataracts

of

foam.无法获取该音频文件。

On

weekends

his

Rolls-Royce

became

anomnibus,

bearing

parties

to

and

from

the

citybetween

nine

in

the

morning

and

long

pastmidnight,

while

his

station

wagon

scamperedlike

a

brisk

yellow

bug

to

meet

all

trains.

Andon

Mondays

eight

servants,

including

anextra

gardener,

toiled

all

day

with

mops

andscrubbing-brushes

and

hammers

andgarden-shears,

repairing

the

ravagesof

the

night

before.—The

Great

Gatsby

整个夏天的夜晚都有音乐声从我邻居家传过来。在他蔚蓝的花园里，男男女女像飞蛾一般在笑语、香摈和繁垦中间来来往往。下午涨潮的时候，我

看着他的客人从他的木筏的跳台上跳水，或是躺

在他私人海滩的热沙上晒太阳，同时他的两艘小

汽艇破浪前进，拖着滑水板驶过翻腾的浪花。每

逢周末，他的罗尔斯一罗伊斯轿车就成了公共汽

车，从早晨九点到深更半夜往来城里接送客人，

同时他的旅行车也像一只轻捷的黄硬壳虫那样去

火车站接所有的班车。每星期一，八个仆人，包

括一个临时园丁，整整苦于一天，用许多拖把、

板刷、榔头、修技剪来收拾前一晚的残局。——菲茨杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》“你觉得怎么样？”他冒冒失失地问道。

“关于什么？”他把手向书架一扬。“关于那个。其实你也不必仔细看了，我已经仔细看过。它们都是真的。”“这些书吗？”他点点头。“绝对是真的——一页一页的，什么都有。我起先还以为大概是好看的空书壳子。事实上，它们绝对是真的。一页一页的什么——等等！我拿给你们瞧。”(2)He

smiled

understandingly

—

much

morethan

understandingly.

It

was

one

of

thoserare

smiles

with

a

quality

of

eternalreassurance

in

it,

that

you

may

come

acrossfour

or

five

times

in

life.

It

faced

—

orseemed

to

face

—

the

whole

external

worldfor

an

instant,

and

then

concentrated

on

youwith

an

irresistible

prejudice

in

your

favor.无法获取该音频文件。It

understood

you

just

so

far

as

you

wanted

to

beunderstood,

believed

in

you

as

you

would

like

to

believein

yourself,

and

assured

you

that

it

had

precisely

theimpression

of

you

that,

at

your

best,

you

hoped

toconvey.

Precisely

at

that

point

it

vanished

—

and

I

waslooking

at