英语二作文总结

PAGEPAGE4图表作文（一）第一节图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。表作文表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。如下表：用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。(1)圆形图作文圆形图(Piechart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：ThisisapiechartoftheaverageweeklyexpenditureofafamilyinGreatBritain.Ascanbeseefromthechart,themainexpenditureofanaverageBritishfamilyisspentonfood,whichaccountsfor25%ofitstotalexpenditure.Thenexttwosignificantexpendingitemsaretransportandhousing,whichare15%and12%respectively.Ifwetakeintoaccountclothingandfootwear,whichmakesup10%,thefouressentialsoflife,thatis,food,transport,housing,andclothingandfootwear,amountto62%ofthetotalexpenditure.(2)曲线图作文曲线图(Linegraph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39)，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。(3)条形图作文条形图(Bargraph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(LifeExpectancy)，这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(InfantMortality)，这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。第二节图表作文的出题形式例1题目：ChangesinPeople’sDietStudythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:1.statethechangesinpeople’sdiet(饮食)inthepastfiveyears;2.givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;3.drawyourownconclusions.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.例2题目：CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCityRememberthatyourcompositionmustbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingoutline;1.Riseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph;2.Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity;3.Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.例3Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHealthGaininDevelopingCountries.Yourcompositionmustbenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions(giveninChinese):1.以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(lifeexpectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality)的变化情况2.说明引起变化的各种原因从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第三节图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;流程图或过程图：flowchart/sequencediagram程序图：processing/proceduresdiagram2、常用的描述用法Thetable/chartdiagram/graphshows（that）Accordingtothetable/chartdiagram/graphAs（is）showninthetable/chartdiagram/graphAscanbeseenfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures，figures/statisticsshows（that）……Itcanbeseenfromthefigures/statisticsWecanseefromthefigures/statisticsItisclearfromthefigures/statisticsItisapparentfromthefigures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graphfigures（that）……table/chart/diagram/graphshows/describes/illustrateshow……3、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixedintime在一系列的时间段中转变：changesovertime持续变化的data在不同情况下：增加：increase/raise/rise/goup……减少：decrease/growdown/drop/fall……波动：fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave……稳定：remainstable/stabilize/leveloff……最常用的两种表达法：动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverbform）形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Nounform）二、相关常用词组1、主章开头图表类型：table、chart、diagramgraph、columnchart、piegraph描述：show、describe、illustrate、canbeseenfrom、clear、apparent、reveal、represent内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly轻微的、略微地stable/stably稳定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的词significantchanges图中一些较大变化noticeabletrend明显趋势duringthesameperiod在同一时期grow/grew增长distribute分布，区别unequally不相等地inthecaseofadv.在……的情况下intermsof/inrespectof/regarding在……方面incontrast相反，大不相同governmentpolicy政府政策marketforces市场规率measuren.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecastn.先见，预见v.预测考研英语应用文模板祝贺信[105words]AletterofCongratulationDear______,Goodnewstravelsfast!IknowhowhardyouhavebeenworkingandIamveryproudofyouforyourachievement.Pleaseacceptmysincerecongratulationstoyour______.YoumaycannotimaginehowexcitedIwaswhenIgotthegoodnews.Owingtoyourpersistenceandhardworkandyourdreamfinallycomestrue.Wearejustasproudasyouareandsendourcongratulationstoyouonthisimportantmilestoneinyourlife,amilestonemanyfailedtocross.Hopethatthefutureeachyearbringyougreaterhappinessandluckiness.Don’tforgetmeandkeepcontactwithme.Yourssincerely,LiMing推荐信[85words]AletterofRecommendationDear______,Iamwritingtoyoutorecommend______for______.Itakegreatpleasureinrecommendingtoyou_______as_______.Iwanttorecommendittoyouforthefollowingreasons.Firstofall,______.Whatismore,______.Finally,______.Withreferencetoyourrequirements,Ishall,withoutreservation,recommend_____asanidealcandidate.Therefore,Iwon’thesitatetorecommendittoyou.Iamconfidentthat_____.Iamsureyouwillbepleasedwithit.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing感谢信[89words]AletterofThanksDear______,Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmygratitudetoyoufor______.Weappreciategreatlyyouraidinnotonly______,butalso______.Iamreferringto______.Everyoneagreesthatitwasyouwho______.Ifithadnotbeenforyourassistanceingivingmeaid,Ifearthattheconsequencesmighthavebeenmuchmoreserious.Again,Iwouldliketoexpressmywarmthankstoyou!Pleaseacceptmythanksforyourfamilyhelp,whichIwillneverforget.Withpersonalregards.Yourssincerely,LiMing道歉信[86words]AletterofApologyDear______,Iamwritingthislettertoapologizetoyouformyfailingto______.Thereasonsisthat______yesterday.IamsorrythatIcannotfinishintime,butisitpossiblethatImakeupthelossby______?Ifso,Iwillputeverythingelseasidetodoit.Iamsorryagainfortheinconvenience.Idohopethatyoucanunderstandmysituationandacceptmyapology.Finally,Ifeelmostobligedtothankyouoncemore.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing请求信[102words]AletterofRequestDear______,Mynameis______,andIam______.Ihavemadeupmymindtowritetoyouinthehopethatyoucanfurnishmewiththeinformationregarding______.Thereasonsformyurgentneedof______areasfollows:1)_______;2)_______;3)______.AtthepresentIampreparing______,andaminlackof______thatiscrucialforthework.Therefore,Iwillbemuchobligedifyoucanhelpme______.Pleasefeelfreetocallmeat______forfurtherquestions.Thankyouforyourtimeandpatience,andIlookforwardtoyourpromptreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing询问信[84words]ALetterofInquiryDear______,Mynameis_____,andIam_____.Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidesomeinformationregarding______.Atthepresent,Iamplanning______,andaminurgentneedofthefollowingthings.Firstofall,______.Secondly,______.Thirdly,______.Iwouldalsoliketoinquireif______.Ifso,couldyouplease______.Yourpromptattentionwouldbehighlyappreciated,andthankyouforyourconsideration.Iamexpectingyourreplywithheartfeltappreciation.Yourssincerely,LiMing建议信[100words]ALetterofSuggestionDear______,Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning______.Inthefirstplace,Iwouldliketosaythankyouforthehelpandeverythingelseyouhavebeenofferingtous.Meanwhile,Ialsowanttomakesomeadvicetobetter______.Frommypointofview,______.Also,toyou,Ihighlyrecommendthat______.Ontheonehand,______.Ontheotherhand,_______.Besides,itisunnecessaryforyouto______.Consequently,Ibelievethat______.Ihopethatmyopinionsareofhelptoyou,andpleasefeelfreetocontactmeformorequestions.Yourssincerely,LiMing投诉信[84words]ALetterofComplaintDear______,Iam______.IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaintabout_____.Thereasonsformydissatisfactionlieuponthreepointsasfollows.Inthefirstplace,______.Inaddition,______.Underthesecircumstances,Ifinditdifficultto______.Iamsurethatyouareabletothoroughlyunderstandmydiscontent,whichyouareboundtoreplacewithasatisfactorysolution.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould_____assoonaspossible.Yourssincerely,LiMing申请信[99words]ALetterofApplicationDear______,IamaseniorstudentintheDepartmentof______,Universityof______.Iwouldliketoapplyforthemaster’sprogramin______departmentofyouruniversity,anopportunitythatIhavedreamedsince______.DuringmyundergraduatestudyIhavedemonstratedexcellentacademicability,whichisreflectedinmygradesandaccomplishment.Ihaveattachedtothislettermyresume,acompletetranscript,andthreerecommendationletters.Iwouldgreatlyappreciateitifyoucouldkindlyconsidermyapplication.Ifyourequiremoreinformation,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat______.Lookingforwardstoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing求职信[111words]ALetterofJobApplicationDear______,Ihavelearntfromyesterday’snewspaperthatyouareemploying______.Iwishtobeconsideredasanapplicantfortheposition,andbegtostatemyqualificationsasfollows:Iam______yearsold,a______majorstudentof______University.Duringmyacademicyears,Ihaveshownexcellentperformanceandhavebeenawardedfirst-classscholarshipeachyear.Inadditiontomyeducationalbackground,Ihavetherichworkexperienceinthefieldsof______.Therefore,IbelieveIcanbeofvaluetoyourcompany.Enclosedismyresumeforyourreference,andIshallbegladtocallaty