新教材高中英语UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案（含解析）新人教版

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures单元语法精析关系代词引导的定语从句语法点拨一、定语从句的概述在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：①引导从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中作成分。ThepeoplewhomyoumetonthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.你昨天在大学校园里见到的那些人来自英国。HeisreadingabookwhichiswrittenbyLuXun.他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。二、关系代词的用法1．关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示：关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分备注关系代词who人主语、宾语whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和whowhom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋ofwhich/whom＝ofwhich/whom＋the＋n.(先行词指人时用whom，指物时用which)2．在定语从句中，使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。Heisamanwho/thatmeanswhathesays.他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人，关系代词who/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语)Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefatherisateacher?你们班有谁的父亲是老师？(先行词指人，关系代词whose引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语)Tobefrank,Idon’tlikethemovie(which/that)yourecommendedtomeyesterday.坦率地讲，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物，关系代词which/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsFrenchinourclass.他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。(theonlyone为先行词)HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowFrenchinourclass.他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。(students为先行词)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津whose还是which关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，无论指人还是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleadingactorisworld-famous?你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗？它的男主角是世界著名的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Q))巧学助记关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。that可作主宾表，指人指物它都行。which专来指物用，主语、宾语它也能。who和whom来指人，whom仅作宾语用。whose一词作定语，指人指物都管用。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练用定语从句合并句子①Ilivenextdoortoacouple.Theirchildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.__Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.__②ThemanisfromPekingUniversity.Italkedaboutthemanatthemeeting.__Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromPekingUniversity③Theboyissittingonthechair.Theboyismybrother.__Theboywho/thatissittingonthechairismybrother.__④Thecityisnearthesea.Thecityisverybeautiful.__Thecitywhich/thatisneartheseaisverybeautiful.__三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1．关系代词用that而不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all,much,anything,nothing,everything，little,none等不定代词时或先行词被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代词修饰时Shetoldmeeverythingthatsheknew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。(2)先行词既有人又有物时IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。(3)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(4)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(5)先行词为thelast,theonly,thevery,thesame等或被这些词修饰时Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津thesame…as与thesame…that的区别一般情况下，thesame…as指的是与先行词同类的事物/人，而thesame…that与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类，表相似)ThisisthesamepenthatIborrowedfromMrLi.这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物，表同一)(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Whichisthetruestorythathetoldus?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？2．关系代词用which而不用that的情况(1)先行词为that时—What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?桌子底下的那个东西是什么？—It’safootball.那是一个足球。(2)关系代词前有介词时Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他住的房间。(3)引导非限制性定语从句时Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津强调句与定语从句的区别Itwasthestudentthat/whoaskedthesillyquestion.就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)Hewasthestudentwhoaskedthesillyquestion.他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练选词填空(that/which)①Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__that__hehadstolentothepolice.②Haveyouanybooks__that__areworthreading?③Thisisthebestfilm__that__Ihaveeverseen.④I’mgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeople__that__Ihavevisited.⑤Bambooishollow,__which__makesitverylight.专项练习Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses__that/which__arebuiltclosetoeachother.2．Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents__which/that__allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.3．Theprizewillgotothewriter__whose__storyshowsthemostimagination.4．I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool__who/whom/that__ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.5．—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes,there’sonepoint__that/which__wemustinsiston.6．Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething__that__wassomeoneelse’sfault.7．Jackisthemostintelligentman__that/who/whom__I’veevermet.8．Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,__which__isnamedafterhisgrandfather.9．Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho__wears__(wear)eveningdress.10．Ihavethesamemagazine__as__youboughtjustnow.Ⅱ．完成句子1．Thisisthemagazine__(that/which)Ilikebest__.这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。2．Thegirl__who/thatissinging__isoneofmyclassmates.正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。3．We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__(that)wesawlastnight__.我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。4．Everything__thatshouldbedone__hasbeendone.应当做的事情已经做了。5．Thisafternoonwe’llgotoseethephotoshow__(that/which)youhavevisited__.今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。6．I’lltellyou__all(that)hetoldmelastweek__.我要告诉你他上周告诉我的一切。7．Thattree__whoseflowersarelightred__looksverybeautiful.那棵开着淡红色的花的树看起来很漂亮。8．Thegirl__(who/whom/that)theyaretalkingabout__isTom’ssister.他们正在谈论的女孩是汤姆的妹妹。9．Canyoulendmethebook__(that/which)youboughtyesterday__?你能借给我你昨天买的那本书吗？10．Isthisthefactory__(that/which)youvisited__theotherday?这是你那天参观过的那家工厂吗？Ⅲ．使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和你。1．我父亲在本市非常著名的一家医院工作。(which/that)2．我的母亲就在我上学的那所学校教数学。(that)3．她喜欢看著名演员主演的电视剧。(whose)4．我是一个热爱篮球的男孩。(who)5．我有几个经常一起打篮球的好朋友。(whom)___________________________________________________