英美概况之英国复习题

经典word整理文档，仅参考，转Word此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！TheUnitedKingdomI.MultipleChoicea”.I.aa.........Aa..th.A.........I.I.a”.I.II.Is.,..aaaaasVI.a”I..a.aa.”I...d....I.s.th.”.......”.a.s..s.a...ss..Aaa...ththth.a.s.’.,...aa.a.a..a.’.....”.aa..aa.aa..aaa.ca..aaaanII.TrueorFalse1.LochNessisthebiggestlakeinBritainwhichisfamousforitsF2.ArthurianlegendsandthestoriesofHolyGrailoftheMiddleAgesbelongtoScottishliterature.F3.ItwastheRomansthatbroughtChristianitytoEngland.T4.AlfredtheGreatisgiventhenameof“theFatherofthetishNavy.”5.TheWarsoftheRosesservedactuallyasahiddenblessingtotheEnglish,foritpracticallyextinguishedfeudalisminEngland.6.ThedivorcecaseofKingHenryVIIledtotheReformationinEngland.7.TheroundheadsthatsupportedtheKingduringEnglishCivilWarslaterdevelopedintotheLiberalParty.8.AdamSmithpowerfullysupportedtheeconomicdoctrineknowaslaissezfaire9.QueenElizabethIwasaverygreatmonarchskilfulinherrulingofthecountryandwasregardedasthesymboloftheBritishEmpire.10.Themoreonehasinsociety,themorelikelyoneistobeaConservative.11.TheRomansbroughtLatinalphabetandcivilizationtoEnglandandlivedinharmonywiththevernacularinhabitants.12.TheEnglisharedifferentinoriginfromtheWelsh,theScottishandtheIrish.13.ThebackboneofEngland”referstothehighestpeakinBritain---BenNevis.14.FleetStreetiswherethefirstBritishnewspaper,DailyNews,waspublished,andithasbecomethecenterofBritishnewspaperpublishingeversince.15.TheLocalEducationAuthoritytakeschargeofallprimaryandsecondaryeducationwithinacountyorborough.16.BBCworldservicebroadcastsin42languages24hoursroundwithitsHeadquartersinBushHouse,London.17.InQueensReign,directpoliticalpowermovedawayfromthesovereign,andmodernideaofconstitutionalmonarchyevolved.18.TheLabourPartypursuesgreatersocialandeconomicequalitywhiletheConservativePartycallsforfreeenterpriseandisagainstnationalizationandextendingsocialservices.19.TheChurchoftheMiddleAgeshadnotbeenonlyareligiousbody;ithadbeenapoliticalandlegalpoweraswell.Thusthemedievalkingswereneverfullmastersintheirowncountry.20.ThestrugglebetweentheEnglishChurchandCatholicismwasessentiallyastrugglebetweenthenewnobility”ofmoneyandbourgeoisieontheonehandandtheremnantsoffeudalismontheother.21.Theunevendevelopmentofcapitalistcountrieswasthebasicreasonfortherivalryamongthosecapitalistpowers,andwhichfinallyledtotheFirstWorldWar.22.ThereisnoadvertisingonanyBBCprogramme,eithersoundortelevision.23.TheBritishpeopleseldombargain,theyjustbuywhattheywantatwhattheythinkareasonableprice,andtakesuchapracticeforgranted.24.TheBritishMonarchyishereditary,andallnobletitlesarehereditary.25.TheCrownistheonlylegalandconstitutionallinkbindingthemembersoftheCommonwealthtothehomecountryandtooneanother.26.Thecivilservantscannotvoteatelections,neitheraretheyallowedtobecandidatesforParliament.27.Parishesarethelowestadministrativeareaswhicharelocalcommunitiesbasedonchurches.28.OnlythemembersoftheHouseofCommonsarecalledmembersofParliament.29.DuringthedevelopmentoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain,coalwasthemainsourceofpower.30.Thelargestlakeinthe—LochNessisworldfamousforitsmonster.31.OliverCromwellconqueredIrelandandScotland,madeEnglandafearedmilitarypowerinEurope,andexpandeditsoverseasempire,buttherevolutionheguideddidnotsurvivehim.32.QueenElizabethI,the“VirginQueen,waspresentedasaselflesswomanwhosacrificedpersonalhappinessforthegoodofthenation,towhichshewas,inessence,married.”33.AccordingtoBritishlaws,religiousinstructionshouldbegiveninallschoolsofprimaryandsecondaryeducation.34.TheseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfromRomanCatholicismwasactuallyaby-productofHenrysobsessionwithproducingamaleheir.35.TheLabourPartypursuesgreatersocialandeconomicequalitywhiletheConservativePartycallsforfreeenterpriseandisagainstnationalizationandextendingsocialservices.36.AfterPrinceAlbert—QueenVictoriashusband—died,shesankintodepressionandfortherestofherreign,sheworeblack.37.III.BlankFilling1.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconsistsofEngland,Scotland,andWales;numeroussmallercoastalislands;andNorthernIreland.2.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver,andthelargestlakeisLoughNeaghinNorthernIreland,whilethemostfamouslakeisLoch.3.TheBankofEnglandisthecentreoftheBritishfinancialsystem,whichwasfoundedin1694andwasnationalizedin1946inordertoformalizeitsroleasapublicinstitutionandinstrumentofgovernmentcontrol.4.Englishistheofficiallanguage,butnotalloftheBritishpeoplespeakit.InWalesmanypeoplespeak;inScotlandabout80,000peopleintheHighlandspossesstheirownGaeliclanguage.5.Inabout122A.D.,inordertokeepbackthePictsandScots,theRomansbuiltawall,calledHadriansWall,fromtheSolwaytotheTyne,andtothisdaypeoplecanstillseetheremains.6.HenryIIenforceacommonlawwhichconsistedoftheaccumulatedcollectionofjudgmentsgivenbythehighly-trained,learnedjustices.7.TheParliamentof1265whichisknownastheAllEstatesParliament”isgenerallyconsideredthebeginningofparliament.”8.ThetworesultsoftheEnclosureMovementwere:theprimitiveaccumulationofcapitalandthecontinuationofthesupplyofcheaplabourpavedthewayforthedevelopmentofcapitalism.9.TheexternalpretextfortheReformationwasHenrysdivorcecase.10.ThegreatestEnglishhumanistduringRenaissancewasSirThomasMorewhoseworkUtopia”becameahumanisticclassicintheworldsliterature.11.DuringtheEnglishCivilWars,thosewhostoodforParliamentwerecalledRoundheadsandthesupportersoftheKingwerecalledCavaliersorRoyalists.12.MargaretThatcher,thefirstfemalePrimeMinisterinEnglishhistory,gainedherreputationastheironlady”forhertightcontrolofBritainsmonetarypolicy.13.Generallyspeaking,therearetwosystemsofprimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain—thestateschoolandpublic”school.14.Thetermolduniversities”referstoOxfordandCambridge,whichweretheonlytowuniversitiesinEnglanduntilthe19century.th15.TheBritishpressisnowdividedintotwodifferenttypesofnationalnewspapers:thequalitynewspapers(quality’orbroadsheets)andpopularnewspaperspopulars’ortabloids).16.Therearethreemainworldreligions—Buddhism,IslamandChristianity.17.Christianityhastreemaingroups:Catholicism,OrthodoxEasternChurch,Protestantism.18.TheBritishParliamentconsistsofthreeelements:theCrown,thehouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.TheofficialheadofParliamentatpresentisthe.19.TheHouseofCommonswhichisalsoknownastheLowerHouseiswheretherealpowerlies.20.TheBritishgovernmentisthesupremeadministrativeinstitutionwhichmanagesstateaffairs.TheCabinetisthecoreofleadershipoftheBritishgovernment.21.ThePrimeMinisterworksandliesinhisfamousresidence,No.10DowningStreet.22.Thecivilservantsarerequiredtobepoliticallyneutralandconfidential.TheymayvoteatelectionsbuttheyarenotallowedtobecandidatesforParliamentortogivepublicsupporttoanypoliticalparty.23.ThetwomajorpartiesinBritaintodayaretheConservativePartyandtheLabour.BoththeGovernmentandParliamentarecontrolledbytherulingparty.24.IntheUnitedKingdometheHouseofLordsisthesupremeexecutivebodyofthelaw.25.ThepartythatwinsamajorityofseatsintheHouseofCommonswillformthegovernment,anditsleaderwillbethePrimeMinister.AnothermajorpoliticalpartywillfortheOpposition.ThechiefmembersoftheOppositionwhositonthefrontbenchinHouseofCommonsarecalledFrontbenchers.TheyarethemembersoftheShadowCabinet,whoarealwaysreadyforreplacingthepartyinpoweriftheGovernmenthastoresign.26.TheBritishLawconsistsofstatutes,commonlawandequity.27.BenNevis,1343m,isthehighestpeakinBritain.28.ThebackboneofEngland”referstothePennies.29.ThedefeatofSpanishArmadaintheyear1588helpedestablishEnglishsupremacyoverthesea.30.AfterSevenYears’War,BritainbecamepredominantinNorthAmericaandIndia.31.Inthesecondhalfofthe18century,thegreateconomicandsocialchangeswerethtakingplaceinBritain.Agriculturalandhome-basedtradesandindustriesgraduallygavewaytofactory-basedindustrieswithcomplexmachinery.Thisgreatchangewascommonlycalledtheindustrialrevolution.32.JamesWattsvastimprovementstothesteamenginemadeitpracticalforlarge-scaleindustrialuse.Thedecisiveadvanceincommunicationsintheearly19centurywastheinventionofthesteamraillocomotivebyGeorge.th33.Bytheendofthe19century,theBritishEmpirehadclimbedtoitspeak,andthboastedtobeasun-never-settingempire.34.InBritain,thetitlesofhereditarypeersare,inorderofrank,Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,andBaron.35.WelshliteraturehadaprofoundinfluenceinmedievalEurope,asitisthesourcebothofArthurianlegendandthatoftheHolyGrail.36.TheEnglishareAnglo-Saxoninorigin,buttheWelsh,theScotsandtheIrishareCelts.37.ExplaintheTerms1.ConstitutionalMonarchy2.IndustrialRevolution3.Eisteddfod4.Commonwealth5.CommonwealthDay6.ChartistMovement7.HadriansWall8.Heptarchy9.DomesdayBook10.WarsofRoses11.BlackDeath12.LongParliament/ShortParliament13.Braindrain14.EnclosureMovement15.PrincipleofPopulation16.IronLawofWages17.CollectiveResponsibilityQuestions1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheWarsoftheRosesinEnglishhistory?2.HowdoyoucommentontheOpenUniversity?3.WhatcharacteristicsdoyouknowarecommonlysharedbyBritishpeopleingeneral?Givespecificexamplestoillustrate.4.WhatdoyouknowabouttheHundredYears’WarinEnglishhistory?5.HowdoyoudescribethelandfeaturesofGreatBritain?6.HowdotheWelshandScotsfeelwhenyouaddressthentheEnglish?7.DoyouthinkBritainhasachangeablewea