英皇乐理1-5级演奏指示Performance-Directions

一级：演奏指示一级：演奏指示PerformanceDirections（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel.AdagioAllegrettoallegroandantecantabilecrescendo/cresc.dacapo/D.C.dalsegno/D.S.decrescendo/decresc.dimimmndo/dim.fine(=forte)(=fortissimo)legatolentomezzo(=mezzoforte)(=mezzopiano)moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./rit.graduallygettingquickerslow(atease)fairlyquick(butnotasquickasallegro)quick(cheerful)atawalkingpaceinasingingstylegraduallygettinglouderrepeatfromthebeginningrepeatfromthesignbecominggraduallysofterbecominggraduallysoftertheendloudveryloudsmoothlyslowhalf(moderately)moderatelyloudmoderatelyquietmoderately(allegromoderato;moderatelyquick)quietveryquietalittle,slightlygraduallygettingslowergraduallygettingslower逐渐加快慢(舒适)稍快(但不及allegro快)快(欢乐)，快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速(allegromoderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten.staccato/state.tempo（二）演奏符号heldback(immediatelyslowingdown)detachedspeed，time(atempo:intime)graduallygettinglouder(=crescendo)graduallygettingquieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato)accentpauseonthenote(orrest)(=fermata)repeatmarks:atthesecondsign，repeatthemusicfromthefirstsign(ifthefirstsignisleftout,repeatfromthebeginning)tie:acurvedlinejoiningtwonotesofthesamepitchintoasinglesustainedsoundslur:performthenotessmoothly(acurvedlineoverorundertwoormoredifferentnotes)突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(atempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato)重音延长号。将音符(或休止符)的时值延长(=fermata)反复记号。在第二个记号处，音乐从第一个记号处开始重复(如乐曲没有第一个记号，音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)连线:将两个有相同音高的音连结成一个音的弧线连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两个或一组音符的上方或下方的弧线)motononprestosenza(=sforzando/sforzato)simile/sim.sostenutotenutotroppovivace,vwo（二）演奏符号movement(conmoto:withmovement)notmore(fasterthanallegro)withoutaccented,forcedinthesamewaysustainedheldtoomuch(nontroppo:nottoomuch)lively,quickthenoteshouldbeheldforitsfulltime-value,andgenerallyslightlydetached(=tenuto)thenoteshouldbeplayedasshortaspossibleandperhapsaccentedtoo(=staccatissimo)accentedstrongeraccent(usuallystrongerthan>)thenotesshouldbeslightlyseparated(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato)活动(conmoto:稍快)不是更多地快(比快板allegro更快)没有，去除重音，加强地(=sforzando/sforzato)如前的方式演奏持续的保持(要奏足该音的时值)太多(nontroppo:不太多)有生气的，轻快的要奏足该音符的时值，各音之间稍间歇(=tenuto)短断音，发音比一般断音更短促，有时还有重音的意思(=staccatissimo)重音强重音(力度通常比>更强)半断音，即音符需要略微断开(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato)三级：三级：adagiettoadlibitum,adlib.agitatoallabreve.amoreanimaanimatobenbriocomododecisodelicatoenergicoforzalargamenteleggieromarcato.marc..marzialemestopesanteprima,primorisolutoritmicorubato,temporubatoratherslow(butfasterthanadagio)optionaloratwillagitatedwitheachbeatasaminim(orinsteadof)love(amoroso:loving)soul,spirit(conanima:withfeeling/spirited)animated,lively(animando:becomingmorelively)wellvigour(conbrio:withvigour,lively)convenient(tempocomodo:atatom-fortablespeed)withdeterminationdelicateenergeticforcebroadlylightmarked,accentedmartial,war-likesadheavyfirstbold,strongrhythmicallywithsomefreedomoftime稍慢(但比adagio略快)随意处理激动地以二分音符作为一拍(以或代替)爱情(amoroso:富于爱意地)心灵、精神(conanima:有感情地/生气勃勃地)活泼地(animando:更加活泼地)很好活力(conbrio:有活力地)舒适的(tempocomodo:舒适的速度)决断、有决心地优美的、精致的富于精力的力量广阔地轻、轻巧的强调、有力地勇敢的、尚武的忧伤的强力的第一勇敢、刚强的富于节奏感地自由的速度scherzando,scherzososeconda,secondosemplicesemprestringendflsubitotantotranquillotriste,tristamentevoltaplayful,jokingsecondsimple,plainalwaysgraduallygettingfastersuddenlysomuchcalmsad,sorrowfultime(pramavolta:firsttime;secondavolta:secondtime)幽默、诙谐的第二简单、朴素的持续地逐渐加快速度突然地许多、太多平静的忧伤、悲痛的次、遍(primavolta:第一次;secondavolta:第二次)(一(一)音乐术语和符号Musicaltermsandsigns只用于某些特定乐器上的术语和符号。1.用于弦乐器和铜管乐器上的演奏提示四级：consordini,consord.senzasordini，senzasord.2.2.用于弦乐器上的演奏提示arcopizzicato,pizz.sulGsulponticello3.3.用于钢琴的演奏提示unacorda(u.c.)trecorde(t.c.)manomanodestra(m.d.)manosinistra(m.s.)((二)意大利文术语affettuosoaffrettandowithmuteswithoutmutesplaywiththebow(adirectionafterpizzicato)downbowupbowasluroverorundertwoormorenotesmeaningthattheyaretobeplayedwithonestrokeofthebowpluckedontheGstringnearthebridge(literally:onestring)presstheleft(soft)pedal(literally:threestrings)releasetheleft(soft)pedalpress...releasetheright(sustaining)pedalhandrighthandlefthandspreadthenotesofachordquickly,startingfromthebottomnoteaffectionate,withtendernesshurrying加上弱音器除去弱音器用弓拉奏(在pizzicat。之后所用的指示)下弓上弓在音符上面或下面的弧线，表示那些音符要以一弓拉完拨弦在G弦上在靠近琴马的位置处演奏(直泽:一根弦)踏下左边(弱音)踏板(直译:三根弦)放开芍立(弱音)踏板踏下……放开右边(延音)踏板手右手左手由最低的音开始，快速地先后奏出和弦中各音富于感情的，温柔的加快的amabileappassionatocalandocantandocomecomeprimacomesoprafacilefuocogiustoI’istessoI’istessotempomorendonientenobilmenteperdendosipossibilequasisonorosoprasottosottovocevelocevoce((三)法文术语amiable,pleasantwithpassionbecomingsofterandslowersingingas,similartoasbeforeasaboveeasyfireproper,tempogiusto:instricttimethesameatthesamespeed、dyingawaynothingnoblydyingawaypossibleprestopossibile:asfastaspossibleasif,almostsonorous,resonantabovebelowinanundertoneswiftvoice亲切的，令人愉快的充满激情地渐弱及渐慢如歌的好像，如同跟前面一样跟上面一样容易火热适当的、准确的tempogiusto:以严谨的速度同样的以同样速度逐渐减弱没有什么高贵地逐渐减弱尽可能地prestopossibile:尽可能快地好像响亮的，洪亮的在上面在下面以轻声迅速的声音;声部五级：五级：dolentedoloredoppiomovimentoestintoincalzandolacrimosolocolungalusingandomisuraossiapiacevolepiangevolepochettino/poch.rinforzando/rf/rfzseguesmorzando/smorz.teneramentetenerezzatostovolante((二)德文音乐术语gostraightonimmediatelywithoutapausesad,mdurnfulgrief,sorrowdoloroso:sorrowfuldoublethespeed,twiceasfastassoft