人教版（2023）必修第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共30张PPT)

第第页人教版（2023）必修第二册Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件(共30张PPT)(共30张PPT)

人教版（2023）必修二

Unit1CulturalHeritage

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

Describepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail

Learningobjectives

Bytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:

1.summarizethefunctionsofrelativepronounandadverbs;

2.describepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail.

Lead-in

Reviewtheknowledgeaboutrestrictiverelativeclausesyouhavelearnt.

restrictiverelativeclauses

modifyanounorpronoun

providespecificinformation

canbeintroducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbs

that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why

...

1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.

2.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.

3.Thebuswhichhasjustleftwasthelastonetoday.

4.Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight

5.Thehotelwhere(=at/inwhich)westayedwasveryclean.

6.That’sthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hemissedhisbus.

Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.

Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputtogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.

Presentation

Lookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.

Findmoresentencescontainingrelativeclausesfromthetextonpage4.

Therecomesatime_______theoldmustgivewaytothenew,...

Waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelics_______wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.

Afterlisteningtothescientists_________hadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizens_______livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.

Temples...andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace_______theyweresafefromthewater.

Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuture_______didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast...

...byUNESCO,_________runsaprogramme_________preventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.

when

that

who

who

where

that

which

that

Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsandadverbs.

Discussinpairsaboutthemajorfunctionsoftherelativeclauses.Thenmakeashortsummaryinatableormindmap.

关系词词形先行词在句中的成分

关系代词who人主、宾

whom人宾

which物主、宾

that人、物主、宾

whose人、物定

关系副词when时间词状

where地点词状

why原因词状

FunctionsofheadnounFunctionsofrelativepronoun

O-S先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作主语

Ilikeateacherwhoinspireshis/herstudents.O-O先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作宾语

Ilikethebook(that)youmentioned.S-S先行词在主句中作主语关系代词在从句中作主语

Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.S-O先行词在主句中作主语关系代词在从句中作宾语

Theman(who)youmetismycousin.e.g.Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家。）

定语从句

限制性

e.g.WeknewthephysicalscientistHawkins,whohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科学家。）

在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，前面一般没有逗号隔开。

往往是对先行词的附加说明，为先行词提供补充信息，即使去掉，也不会影响先行词的明确性，与主句之间常用逗号隔开。

非限制性

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分

关系代词的省略

1.作直接宾语时可以省略：

Alanisamanwhoisstrictwithhimselfineverything(that)hedoes.

艾伦在做任何事情的时候都对自己严格要求。

Theman(who/whom)yousawjustnowistheheadofourdepartment.

你刚才看到的那个人是我们部门的领导。

2.作表语的关系代词that可以省略：

Isabelhaschanged.Sheisnolongerthelittlegirl(that)shewas.

伊莎贝尔已经变了。她再也不是以前那个小女孩了。

3.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词在介词后虽作宾语，却不能省略：

DoyouknowanylibrariesfromwhichIcanborrowthisbook

你知道我能从哪个图书馆借到这本书吗？

关系代词宜用that不用which的情况

1.当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，few等不定代词时：

Therewasnotmuch(that)wecoulddowhenitwasraining.

下雨的时候我们能做的事不多。

Thatisallthatworks.

这就是所有的工作。

2.当先行词为序数词/形容词最高级，或被序数词/形容词最高级修饰时：

ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.

我读的第一本英文小说是《汤姆·索亚历险记》。

ThisisthemostbeautifulscenerythatIhaveseensofar.

这是我目前见过的最美的风景。

关系代词宜用that不用which的情况

3.当先行词被all，no，few，any，little，thesame，thelast，theonly，thevery等修饰时：

I’vereadallthebooksthatmymotherboughtforme.

我已经读完了妈妈买给我的所有书。

Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttoread.

这正是我想读的书。

4.当先行词既有人又有物时：

Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.

我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。

关系代词宜用which不用that的情况

1.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时：

Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice

这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗？

2.当有两个并列的定语从句时，其中前一个从句的关系代词用that，后一个宜用which：

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

我给你看一本我从新开放的图书馆里借的小说。

关系代词宜用who不用that的情况

先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，ones，anyone，everyone，everybody，someone等，或先行词为those且指人时：

Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.

买了房子或搬家的人是举办派对的人。

Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.

那些胆敢违反法律的人将会受到惩罚。

关系代词作动词的间接宾语的情况

1.关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for。例如：

Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto

Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflower

2.无关系代词时，也要用to或for。例如：

TheladyIwrotethepoemforwasmysister.

我为她写诗的那个女人是我姐姐。

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项

1.正式英语中，介词可置于从句之首，whom或which之前。但不可置于who或that之前：

Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.

这就是我们老师提到的那位伟大的作家。

Heaskedaquestiontowhichtherewasnoanswer.

他问了一个无人回答的问题。

2.定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首，常见的此类短语有lookfor，listento，lookafter，takecareof等：

Hereceivedtheemailhewaslookingforwardto.

他收到了他期待的电子邮件。

Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.

这就是我正在找的那块表。

Step1明确主句和从句。

Step2找到先行词，确定它在主句中的功能。

Step3根据先行词和关系代词或关系副词在从句中的功能，

确定使用哪个关系代词或关系副词。

EXAMPLE

Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→

Thefreeapp(which/that)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.

一般出现两次的词就是先行词。

Practice

Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.

1.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→

Thephoto_______________________________________________________________

2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→

Theprojectteam__________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→

Thetime_________________________________________________________________

(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.

whosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.

whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.

Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.

4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_______________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→

Theplace_______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.→

Thereason______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.

whereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.

whyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.

Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.

Workbook

whowhomwhosethat

whichwhenwherewhy

1.Thatisthesite________theydiscoveredcavesfullofBuddhastatues.

2.Doesanybodyknowthereason________herefusedtosignthedocument

3.Sueisthepersonto________Isentthetextmessageyesterday.

4.Mybrotherworksinacafé________top-qualityItalianfoodisserved.

5.Thisisthearchaeologist________discoveredtheIncaruins.

6.Onthewayhome,hehelpedayoungman________carhadbrokendown.

7.Tasmaniaisthemostunforgettableplace_________Ihaveeverbeento.

8.InEuropeancountries,theweekendisusuallyatime________nobodygoestowork.

9.Thisisthestoryin__________thevaluableblueandwhiteporcelainvasefromtheMingDynastywasfinallyreturnedtoitsowner.

where

why

whom

where

who

whose

that/which

when

which

Choosethecorrectwordstofillintheblanks.

1.Lastwinterwesawthewell-preservedtempleforthefirsttime.Iwillrememberitforever.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2.ImetaGermanscientistatthepartylastweek.Heislikelytobeworkinginourcity.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3.Thisisthebookshop.IfoundabookaboutLiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritageinit.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Iwillrememberforeverthetimelastwinterwhenwefirstsawthewell-preserved

temple.（我会永远记得去年冬天的那一刻，就在那一刻我们第一次看到那座

保存完好的寺庙。）

ImetaGermanscientistwhoislikelytobeworkinginourcityatthepartylastweek.（上周的聚会上我遇到了一位德国科学家，这位科学家可能会在我们城市工作。）

ThisisthebookshopwhereIfoundabookaboutLiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritage.（这就是那家书店，我在里面找到了一本书，书中讲述了梁思成对中国文化遗产保护所做出的贡献。）

Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.

4.Theboy’sproposalwashelpfulandpractical.Mostofthestudentsagreedwithhim.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

5.Hedoesnotidentifyhappinesswithmoney.Thatisthereason.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

6.Thecommitteewasestablishedlastyear.Itplaysanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Thatisthereasonwhyhedoesnotidentifyhappinesswithmoney.（这就是他不把幸福等同于金钱的原因。）

Mostofthestudentsagreedwiththeboywhoseproposalwashelpfulandpractical.（多数学生都赞同那个男孩，认为他的建议既有用又可行。）

Thecommitteewhichwasestablishedlastyearplaysanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection.（去年成立的职员会在环境保护方面发挥了重要的作用。）

Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.

1.Thisisthemonthduringwhichwe’dliketotravelaround.

___________________________________________________________________

2.ShegavealectureinthehallinwhichweinterviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3.Lillianworksinagovernmentofficeinwhichtherearemanydifferentdepartments.

___________________________________________________________________

4.FindingajobasahistoryteacherinanotherschoolwasthereasonforwhichImoved.

___________________________________________________________________

Thisisthemonthwhenwe’dliketotravelaround.

ShegavealectureinthehallwhereweinterviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.

Lillianworksinagovernmentofficewheretherearemanydifferentdepartments.

FindingajobasahistoryteacherinanotherschoolwasthereasonwhyImoved.

Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.

5.Summeristheseasoninwhichitisbesttopractiseoutsidewithyourteam.

___________________________________________________________________

6.TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplaceinwhichImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

7.Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedownattheplaceatwhichthethreeroadsmet.

___________________________________________________________________

8.Itisatimeatwhichthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.Helikestotakephotosfromtheroofofhishouse.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Summeristheseasonwhenitisbesttopractiseoutsidewithyourteam.

TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplacewhereImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.

Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedownattheplacewherethethreeroadsmet.

Helikestotakephotosfromtheroofofhishouseatatimewhenthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.

Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.

1.Nooneknowsforcertainhowtheislanderstransportedthestatues,theywereextremelylargeandheavy.

___________________________________________________________________

2.Peopledoubtthattheyweredragged(牵引)overtheland,thatissorough.

___________________________________________________________________

3.Somepeoplethinkthattheislandersusedlargetoolsthatismadeofstrongwood.

___________________________________________________________________

4.Thewoodformakingthetoolsprobablycamefrombigtrees,itdidnotexistontheisland.

___________________________________________________________________

5.Somepeopleclaimthatunknownbeingsfromspacemovedthestatues,theyaresoheavy.

___________________________________________________________________

which

which

were

which

whichwere

ThelargestonestatuesonEasterIslandremainamysterytous.Readabouttheirhistoryandcorrectthemistakesinthetext.

6.Accordingtotheislanders,thefinishedstatuesweremovedbythosehadmagicpowers.

___________________________________________________________________

7.Itissaidthatthestatueswerecarvedduringthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,whentheislandwasruledbyamysterioussocietythen.

___________________________________________________________________

8.TheDutchvisitedtheislandin1722thetimethesocietythathadmadethestatueshaddisappeared.

___________________________________________________________________

9.TheDutchwantedtogetsuppliesonthisislandwheretherewereonlyfourthousa