英语诗歌欣赏Unit-01课件

EnjoyingEnglishPoetry

英语诗歌欣赏Meter&RhythmUnitOne

EnjoyingEnglishPoetry

英语诗歌欣ContentsIntroductionThePastureAnnabelLeeAPsalmofLife12345WeRealCoolContentsIntroductionThePasturMeterTherhythmicpatternofbeats.Meter(ormetre)isthebasicrhythmicstructureofaverseorapoeticline.Manytraditionalverseformsprescribeaspecificversemeter,oracertainsetofmetersalternatinginaparticularorder.MeterTherhythmicpatternofRhythmThestudyofrhythm,stress,andpitchinspeechiscalledprosody.Rhythmisamovementmarkedbytheregulatedsuccessionofstrongandweakelements,orofoppositeordifferentconditions.Rhythm

RisingrhythmArhythmicpatterninwhichthestressfallsonthelastsyllableofeachfoot,alsocalledascendingrhythm.FallingrhythmRhythmwithstressoccurringregularlyonthefirstsyllableofeachfoot.RisingrhythmThePastureIntroductiontothepoet

Appreciation

QuestionsSuggestedAnswers

ChineseTranslationThePastureIntroductiontotheIntroductiontothePoetRobertFrost(1874-1963)罗伯特·弗罗斯特

BorninSanFrancisco,California,Frostbecameinterestedinreadingandwritingpoetryduringhishighschoolyears.Foradecadearoundtheturnofthecentury,heworkedasafarmerinNewHampshire.In1913heestablishedhimselfasapoetwiththepublicationofhisfirstbookofpoems,ABoy’sWill,inEngland.HesoonachievedsuccesswithmorepublicationsandbecamethemostwidelycelebratedpoetandhighlyhonoredAmericanpoetofthe20thcentury.Duringhislife,FrostwasawardedthePulitzerPrizefourtimes.In1961hereadhispoem“TheGiftOutright”atPresidentJohnF.Kennedy’sinauguration,thefirstpoeteversohonoredinAmerica.Hisworkfollowstraditionalmetricsandformsofpoetry,oftenassociatedwiththelifeandlandscapeofNewEngland,phrasedincommonlanguage,showingdeepappreciationofthenaturalworldandsensibilityaboutthehumanaspirations.HewasanoutstandingfigureinanageofModernism.IntroductiontothePoetRobertThePastureI’mgoingouttocleanthepasturespring;

I’llonlystoptoraketheleavesaway

(Andwaittowatchthewaterclear,Imay):

Ishan’tbegonelong.–Youcometoo.I’mgoingouttofetchthelittlecalf

That’sstandingbythemother.It’ssoyoung,

Ittotterswhenshelicksitwithhertongue.

Ishan’tbegonelong.–Youcometoo.ThePastureI’mgoingouttAppreciation在弗罗斯特的诗作中，田园风光、农活、讲方言的人占有相当的比重。新英格兰农村静逸的田园、树林以及农事劳作中的欢愉都被诗人当作了诗歌的主题。在《牧场》一诗中，一个男人，只为短暂离开女人去干农活而心有所念，每段最后一句的肯定语气传达出爱人相伴重要性。Appreciation在弗罗斯特的In1910,whenFrostwrote“ThePasture”heusedawalktoaspringinacowpastureasitscenterpiece.Onespringeveningin1905,Frosttookawalkoverthosefieldswithhiswife,Elinor,andtheirsix-year-olddaughter,Lesley.Whilehiswifeanddaughterpickedappleandstrawberryblossoms,Frostwentdowntothesouthwestcornerofthebigcowpasturetocheckonhowmuchwaterwasinthespring.Theexperiencewasstillafavoritememorythirtyyearsafterhewroteaboutit.In1940hereminisced,“Ineverhadagreaterpleasurethatcomingonaneglectedspringinapastureinthewoods.”Inthepoem,thepoettoldhisfeelingtoreadersbythemostcommonwords,however,wecouldfeelhisdeeplovetothepasture,natureandlife.In1910,whenFrostspring:这里是泉水的意思。rake:用耙子耙（树叶）。fetch:这里指去牵牛犊。she:在本诗中指母牛。英语诗歌欣赏Unit-01课件Questions1.Thepoemiswritteniniamb.Studyitsuseinthepoem.2.Whatdoyouseewhenlisteningtothispoem?3.Whoisthespeakerinthepoem?4.Whydoesthespeakerinvitethelistenertocomeouttothepasturewithhim?Questions1.ThepoemiswritteSuggestedAnswersThepoemiswritteniniamb.Studyitsuseinthepoem.I’mgo/ingout/toclean/thepasture/spring;

I’llon/lystop/torake/theleaves/away

(Andwait/towatch/thewater/clear,/Imay):

Ishan’t/begone/long.–You/cometoo.I’mgo/ingout/tofetch/thelittle/calf

That’sstan/dingby/themother./It’sso/young,

Itto/tterswhen/shelicks/itwith/hertongue.

Ishan’t/begone/long.–You/cometoo.SuggestedAnswersThepoemisw2.Whatdoyouseewhenlisteningtothispoem?Wecangetapictureoflifeonthepasture.Amanisgoingtoseetheclearpasturespringandseethelittlecalfstandingbythemothercalf.Althoughthemanisonthepasture,hecannotstopthinkingofhiswife.Aspringisflowingthroughthepastureandthemanisrakingtheleavesawaytomakeitclearagain.Themothercalfislickingthelittlecalfwithitstonguewhilethelittlecalfistotteringaroundit.2.Whatdoyouseewhenlisten3.Whoisthespeakerinthepoem?TheprototypeofthespeakerisRobertFrosthimself,sothespeakerinthepoemshouldbeamanwhoisindeeplovewithhiswifeanddaughter.3.Whoisthespeakerin4.Whydoesthespeakerinvitethelistenertocomeouttothepasturewithhim?

First,itisagreatpleasureforthespeakertoworkonthepastureandhewantsthelistenertosharehisjoy.Second,helovesthelistenersomuchthathedoesn’twanttoleaveherevenforawhile,sohewantsthelistenertostaytogetherwithhimonthepasture.Third,hewantstoshowthesceneonthepasturetothelistener.Thespringstandsforloveandhopeoftheirmutuallifeandthecalvesonthepasturestandsforpeoplewholoveeachother.Suchasceneisareflectionoftheirhappylife.4.WhydoesthespeakerinChineseTranslation牧场我去清一清牧场的泉水，我只停下来把落叶全耙去（还瞧着泉水变得明净——也许）；我不会去得太久。——你也来吧。我去把那幼小的牛犊抱来，它站在母牛身边，小得可怜，一摇一晃，当母牛给他舔舔；我不会去得太久——你也来吧。（方平译）ChineseTranslationAnnabelLeeIntroductiontothePoet

Appreciation

QuestionsSuggestedAnswersChineseTranslationAnnabelLeeIntroductiontotheIntroductiontothePoetEdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)埃德加·阿伦·坡

BorninBostontoitinerantactors,PoewasraisedbyaRichmondmerchantbecausehewasorphanedbeforehewasthree.Heledahardandshortlifestrugglingwithfinancialproblems,alcoholism,anddepression.Heandhisyoungwifenearlystarved.Shediedoftuberculosiswhenshewasstillinherearlytwenties.Fouryearslater,hehimselfdied,probablyofalcoholpoisoning.Butasawriter,heachievedposthumousfame.Hisworkaseditor,poet,short-storywriter,playwright,critic,andessayisthadaprofoundimpactonAmericanandinternationalliterature.Bestknownforhismacabreandmysterytales,Poewasoneoftheprogenitorsofbothhorroranddetectivefiction.Hewasalsooneoftheoriginatorsofthemodernsciencefiction.Asaromanticpoet,hewrotesolelyforthepoem’ssakeandwasgreatlyappreciatedbytheFrenchSymbolistsandEnglishadherentsof“purepoetry”.IntroductiontothePoetEdgarAnnabelLeeItwasmanyandmanyayearago,Inakingdombythesea,Thatamaidentherelivedwhomyoumayknow.BythenameofAnnabelLee;AndthismaidenshelivedwithnootherthoughtThantoloveandbelovedbyme.ShewasachildandIwasachild,Inthiskingdombythesea,Butwelovedwithalovethatwasmorethanlove1–IandmyAnnabelLee–WithalovethatthewingédseraphsofHeavenCovetedherandme.AnnabelLeeItwasmanyandmaAndthiswasthereasonthat,longago,Inthiskingdombythesea,AwindblewoutofacloudbynightChillingmyAnnabelLee;SothatherhighbornkinsmencameAndboreherawayfromme,ToshutherupinasepulcherInthiskingdombythesea.Theangels,nothalfsohappyinHeaven,Wentenvyingherandme:Yes!thatwasthereason(asallmenknow,Inthiskingdombythesea)Thatthewindcameoutofthecloud,chillingandkillingmyAnnabelLee.Andthiswasthereasonthat,ButourloveitwasstrongerbyfarthantheloveOfthosewhowereolderthanwe–Ofmanyfarwiserthanwe–AndneithertheangelsinHeavenaboveNorthedemonsdownunderthesea,CaneverdissevermysoulfromthesoulOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee:ForthemoonneverbeamswithoutbringingmedreamsOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee;AndthestarsneverrisebutIfeelthebrighteyesOfthebeautifulAnnabelLee;Andso,allthenight-tide,IliedownbythesideOfmydarling,mydarling,mylifeandmybride,Inhersepulchertherebythesea–Inhertombbythesideofthesea.ButourloveitwasstrongerbAppreciation本诗发表于1849年，是阿伦·坡的最后一篇诗作。在诗人以爱妻的夭折为原型，抒写美女之死和纯洁坚贞的爱情，写得缠绵悱恻，凄惨动人。Appreciation本诗发表于18“AnnabelLee”isthelastcompletepoemcomposedbyEdgarAllanPoe.HisdeceasedwifewastheprototypeofthebeautifulAnnabelLee.Thepoemfocusesonanideallovewhichisverystrong.ThislovethemeisverycommoninPoe’spoemsbecauseheconsidereditas“themostpoeticaltopicintheworld”.Poeisparticularlyfamousforhispoemsaboutthedeathofabeautifulwoman,“AnnabelLee”ist1.Welovedwithalovethatwasmorethanlove：此为隽语（paradox），似非而是。2.Wingédseraphs:长翅膀的天使。3.highbornkinsmen:出身高贵的亲戚。4.but:除非。5.night-tide:夜间。相当于nighttime。1.WelovedwithalovethatwQuestions1.WhowastheprototypeofAnnabelLee?2.Whatkindofloveiskeptinthespeaker’sheart?3.Pointoutthedestructiveforcesinthispoem.HowdotheyactinthegreatlovebetweenthespeakerandAnnabelLee?4.Wheredoesthepoem’smoodrisetoahighpointofdefiance?5.Whydowefindthepoemhasqualitiesofafairytale?6.Thelinesofthepoemaremainlyanapestic.Isthismetricalpatternproperlyusedtohelprevealthetheme?Questions1.WhowastheprototSuggestedAnswers1.WhowastheprototypeofAnnabelLee?Therehasbeenadebateformanyyearsoverwho,ifanyone,wastheprototypeof“AnnabelLee”.Thoughmanywomenhavebeensuggested,Poe’swifeVirginiaElizaClemmPoeisoneofthemorecrediblecandidates:shewastheonehelovedasachild,andtheonlyonethathadbeenhisbride,andtheonlyonethathaddied.Andatthesametime,somebelievedthatAnnabelLeewasmerelytheproductofPoe’sgloomyimaginationandthatAnnabelLeewasnorealperson.SuggestedAnswers1.Whowasth2.Whatkindofloveiskeptinthespeaker’sheart?Itisreallyhardtodefinetheloveinthispoem.Itmaybe

thelovebetweenlovers.Butwhatevertheloveis,itisthelovethatisstrongerthancommonloveanditisbeyondwhatwordscanexpress.3.Pointoutthedestructiveforcesinthispoem.HowdotheyactinthegreatlovebetweenthespeakerandAnnabelLee?ThewingédseraphsofHeaven,wind,highbornkinsmen,demonsunderthesea.ThespeakerbelievesthattheangelsinHeavenenviedtheirlovesomuchthatthewindcametomakeherillandkilledher,andherhighbornkinsmencametotakeheraway.2.Whatkindofloveiskepti4.Wheredoesthepoem’smoodrisetoahighpointofdefiance?Thefifthstanza:ButourloveitwasstrongerbyfarthantheloveOfthosewhowereolderthanwe–Ofmanyfarwiserthanwe–AndneithertheangelsinHeavenaboveNorthedemonsdownunderthesea,CaneverdissevermysoulfromthesoulOfthebeautifulAnnabel.4.Wheredoesthepoem’smood5.Whydowefindthepoemhasqualitiesofafairytale?Inthispoem,wecanfindmanyimagesthatusuallyappearinfairytales,i.e.,demonsundertheseaandangelsintheheaven.ThespeakermentionstheminthepoemandrelatesthemwiththedeathofAnnabelLee.Thespeakerimaginesakingdombytheseawhichalsoappearsfrequentlyinfairytales.5.Whydowefindthepoemhas6.Thelinesofthepoemaremainlyanapestic.Isthismetricalpatternproperlyusedtohelprevealthetheme?Theanapesticshowsthesadmoodofthespeaker.Thismetricalpatternisinfactatraditionalmethodinthewritingofapatheticpoem.6.ThelinesofthepoemaremChineseTranslation安娜贝尔·李那是很久很久以前，有个王国靠近海滨，你或许会认识一个少女名字叫做安娜贝尔·李——她活着别无其他心思只要同我相爱相亲。从孩提时期我同她就住在这王国海滨，我俩情同手足超过一切情爱——我同我的安娜贝尔·李——我们的爱情纯真至诚连带翼的神灵也忌妒万分。ChineseTranslation安娜这件事发生在很久以前，在这王国的海滨，夜空中从云端席卷来一阵狂风冻坏了我的安娜贝尔·李；她的出身高贵的亲戚不由分说从我手边夺走了安娜贝尔·李，将她囚禁在坟墓里在那王国的海滨。这件事发生在很久以前，天庭神灵的生活本不那么惬意，他们妒忌我和安娜贝尔·李——是的，祸端由此而生（人所皆知事情发生在王国的海滨）来自云端的一阵风那般凄厉冻死了我的安娜贝尔·李。可我俩的情深超过了一切爱情，比年轻人更坚定——比聪明人更永恒——不怕天上神灵不惧海底恶鬼，我的灵魂无法分离——同我的美丽的安娜贝尔·李。天庭神灵的生活本不那么惬意，每当皓月当空我总要梦见安娜贝尔·李可爱的倩影；每当星斗升天我总会看到安娜贝尔·李动人的眸子；就这样，我整夜安息在她身旁——我的爱人，我的心肝，我的生命和我的新娘她的墓穴就在海滨——在那海滨的墓穴里。（文楚安译）每当皓月当空我总要梦见APsalmofLifeIntroductiontothePoet

Appreciation

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ChineseTranslationAPsalmofLifeIntroductiontoIntroductiontothePoetHenryWadsworthLongfellow(1807-1882)亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗

BornandraisedinPortland,Maine,LongfellowisnotedasthemostpopularAmericanpoetofthe19thcentury,whoseworksarestillcitedtoday.HewaseducatedatBowdoinCollege,whereNathanielHawthornewasaclassmate.HespentthreeyearsinEuropestudyingforeignlanguagesand,uponhisreturn,taughtathisalmamater.From1835onhetaughtatHarvardUniversityandkepthispositionfortwentyyears.Asapoet,hesuccessfullypopularizedAmericanthemesabroadandbroughtEuropeanthemeshome.Inhislifetime,heenjoyedgreatfamewithlongnarrativepoemssuchasEvangeline(1847)andTheSongofHiawatha(1855).Hisworkwasimmenselypopularandmemorablewithitseasyrhythm,simplelanguageandfamiliarthemes.IntroductiontothePoetHenryAPsalmofLife

‘LifethatshallsendAchallengetoitsend,Andwhenitcomes,say,‘Welcome,friend.’WHATTHEHEARTOFTHEYOUNGMANSAIDTOTHEPSALMISTITellmenot,inmournfulnumbers,Lifeisbutanemptydream!Forthesoulisdeadthatslumbers,Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.IILifeisreal–lifeisearnest–

Andthegraveisnotitsgoal:Dustthouart,todustreturnest,Wasnotspokenofthesoul.APsalmofLife‘LifethatshIIINotenjoyment,andnotsorrow,Isourdestin’dendorway;Buttoact,thateachto-morrowFindusfartherthanto-day.IVArtislong,andtimeisfleeting,Andourhearts,thoughstoutandbrave,Still,likemuffleddrums,arebeatingFuneralmarchestothegrave.VIntheworld’sbroadfieldofbattle,InthebivouacofLife,Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!Beaherointhestrife!IIIVITrustnoFuture,howe’erpleasant!LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!Act–actinthegloriousPresent!Heartwithin,andGodo’er

head!VIILivesofgreatmenallremindusWecanmakeourlivessublime,And,departing,leavebehindusFootstepsonthesandsoftime.VIVIIIFootsteps,that,perhapsanother,Sailingo’erlife’ssolemnmain,

Aforlornandshipwreck’dbrother,

Seeing,shalltakeheartagain.IXLetusthenbeupanddoing,Withaheartforanyfate;Stillachieving,stillpursuing,Learntolaborandtowait.VIIIAppreciation本诗写于1838年，同年发表，次年收在朗费罗的处女诗集《夜籁集》（VoicesoftheNight,1839)中。这首诗以积极入世的态度和铿锵有力的调子，歌颂了人生的价值，强调了一个行动的人生。它与美国开拓时期的时代气息和民族精神相呼应，成为美国人民开拓精神在文学中留下的鲜明印记。Appreciation本诗写于183LongfellowwrotethepoemshortlyafterfinishinglecturesonGermanwriterJohannWolfgangvonGoetheandwasheavilyinspiredbyhim.Whenhiswifedied,hewasreallyupset,then,hewrotethepoemtofightbackhisfearofdeath.Inthepoem,thereadersareaskedtomustercourageinadversity.Greatpeoplecouldalwaysmaintainenoughcourageorconfidencetoact.Soonlywhenwesetsailwithcourage,canwepreventusfrombeingdrownedinashipwreck.Longfellowwrote1.引自英国诗人RichardCrashaw(1613?—1649)的诗“WishestoHisSupposedMistress”。引文与原诗略有出入。此处大意是：人生将尽时，它会挑战性地对死神说：“来吧，朋友。”2.此为副标题，意思是“年轻人的心对歌者说的话”。3.numbers:诗句。4.thesoulisdeadthatslumbers:灵魂睡去无异于死。指精神萎靡不振的人虽生犹死。正常语序是thesoulthatslumbersisdead。5.Dustthouart,todustreturnest:等于Youaredust,youreturntodust。此为《旧约·创世纪》（Genesis)第13章中耶和华（Jehovah)对亚当（Adam)说的话。thou即you,作主格；art即are,是用在thou后的系动词be的变化形式；returnest即return,是用在thou后的谓语动词return的变化形式。1.引自英国诗人RichardCrashaw(1613?6.destin’dendorway:命中注定的目标或道路。7.thateachtomorrow/Findusfartherthantoday:that等于sothat;Find的主语是We,在此省略了。8.muffleddrums:被用布包住的鼓。9.Funeralmarches:葬礼进行曲。10.bivouac:露营地。6.destin’dendorway:命中注定的目标11.howe’er:即however。12.o’er:即over。第30行的o’er同此。13.departing:离别人世时。相当于whendeparting.14.main:（诗歌用语）大海。15.Aforlornandshipwreck’dbrother:船只遇难而只身幸存的兄弟。16.beupanddoing:奋起努力。这是习惯用语，只能用doing,不能用do。17.Withaheartforanyfate:以能面对一切命运的勇气。11.howe’er:即however。Questions1.Whatisthespeaker’sviewoflife?Onwhatisspecialemphasislaidbyhim?2.Thelinesofthepoemarewrittenintrochee.Studythemusicaleffectofthismetricalpattern?3.InthepoemLongfellowkeepsusingfemininerhymeintheodd-numberedlinesandmasculinerhymeintheeven-numberedlines?Whatisthemusicaleffect?Questions1.WhatisthespeakeSuggestedAnswers1.Whatisthespeaker’sviewoflife?Onwhatisspecialemphasislaidbyhim?

Weshouldnotthinkaboutthepastandworryaboutthefuture.Whatweshoulddoistomakefulluseofthepresentandbeoptimistic.Thepoetputsaspecialemphasisontheactionofpeople.Headvocatesthatpeopleshouldactandproceedinthepresenttomakelifebetter.SuggestedAnswers1.Whatisth2.Thelinesofthepoemarewrittenintrochee.Studythemusicaleffectofthismetricalpattern?Atrocheeisametricalfootusedinformalpoetryconsistingofastressedsyllablefollowedbyanunstressedone.Thelinesintrocheeusuallyproduceastrongheartbeatandmakethereaderhighlyspirited.2.Thelinesofthepoemarew3.InthepoemLongfellowkeepsusingfemininerhymeintheodd-numberedlinesandmasculinerhymeintheeven-numberedlines.Whatisthemusicaleffect?

FemininerhymeArhymeoccurringonanunaccentedfinalsyllable,asin“dining”and“shining”or“motion”and“ocean”.Femininerhymesaredoubleordisyllabicrhymesandarecommonintheheroiccouplet.MasculinerhymeArhymeoccurringinwordsofonesyllableorinanaccentedfinalsyllable,suchas“light”and“sight”or“arise”and“surprise”.Theuseofbothfemininerhymeandmasculinerhymeinthepoemmakethepoemhigh-soundingandmelodious.3.InthepoemLongfellowkeepChineseTranslation人生颂请别用哀伤的诗句对我讲：人生呵，无非虚梦一场！因为沉睡的灵魂如死一般，事物的表里并不一样。人生是实在的！人生是热烈的！人生的目标决不是坟墓；你是尘土，应归于尘土，此话指的并不是我们的精神。我们的归宿不是欢乐，也不是悲伤。实干才是我们的道路，每天不断前进，蒸蒸日上。ChineseTranslation人生颂光阴易逝，而艺海无涯，我们的心哪——虽然勇敢坚强，却像被布蒙住的铜鼓，常把殡葬的哀乐擂响。在这人生的宿营地，在这辽阔的世界战场，别做无言的牲畜任人驱赶，做一名英雄汉立马横枪！别相信未来，哪怕未来多么欢乐！让死去的往昔将死亡的一切埋葬！上帝在上，我们胸怀勇气，行动吧——乘现在活着的好时光！光阴易逝，而艺海无涯，伟人的生平使我们想起，我们能使自己的一生变得高尚！当我们辞别人间，能把足迹留在时间的流沙上。也许有个遭了船灾的苦难弟兄，他曾在庄严的人生大海中飘航，见到我们的脚印，又会满怀信心。让我们起来干吧，下定决心，不管遭遇怎样；不断胜利，不断追求，要学会苦干和耐心等待。（范钜清译）伟人的生平使我们想起，WeRealCoolIntroductiontothePoet

Appreciation

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ChineseTranslationWeRealCoolIntroductiontothIntroductiontothepoetGwendolynBrooks(1917-2000)

格温德琳·布鲁克斯BorninTopeka,Kansas,BrooksgrewupinChicagowheresheencounteredracialprejudiceinherneighborhoodandinherschool,whichleftdeepmarksonherpoetrywriting.Encouragedbyherparents,shecultivatedherprofoundinterestinpoetry,publishingherfirstpoemattheageofthirteen.ShewasthefirstAfrican-AmericanwritertowinthePulitzerPrizeforherAnnieAllen(1949).Shewasactiveinthecivilrightsmovementofthe1960sandafter.Herpoetryischaracterizedbysensitiveportraitsofurbanblacks.Inrecognitionofheraccomplishments,BrookswasmadePoetLaureateofIllinoisin1968andgivenoverseventyhonorarydegreesfromcollegesanduniversitiesworldwide.IntroductiontothepoetGwendoWeRealCoolTHEPOOLPLAYERS.SEVENATTHEGOLDENSHOVEL.Werealcool.WeLeftschool.WeLurklate.WeStrikestraight.WeSingsin.WeThingin.WeJazzJune.WeDiesoon.WeRealCoolTHEPOOLPLAYERS.Appreciation本诗作于1959年，第二年发表在布鲁克斯的第三本诗集《吃豆子的人》(TheBeanEaters)中。该诗由