新教材高中英语UNIT3Theworldonline突破语法大冲关学案译林版

UNIT3Theworldonline动词­ing作定语、状语和宾语补足语[观察例句]①Walkinginthepark，shesawanoldfriend. 时间状语②Beingill，hecouldn'tgotoschool. 原因状语③Workinghard，you'llmakegreatprogress. 条件状语④Theboyranevenfaster，reachingtheschooloutofbreath.结果状语⑤Allnightlonghelayawake，thinkingoftheproblem. 伴随状语⑥Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool？ 前置定语⑦Iknowtheboysittingbesidesyoujustnow. 后置定语⑧Iheardhimsingingnextdoor. 宾语补足语[归纳用法]一、动词­ing形式作定语1．表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里不准大声说话。2．和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。[名师点津]动词­ing表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.地上满是落叶。I'mlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找房子住。[即学即练1]单句语法填空①Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.②Makelessnoise.There'sasleeping(sleep)child.③Look！Therearesomeleavesfloating(float)onthewater.④Thereisapagemissing(miss)fromthisbook.⑤Thelibrarybeingbuilt(build)nowwillbethebiggestoneinourcity.二、动词­ing形式作状语(一)具体用法1．作时间状语常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。Hearingthenoise，Iturnedround.＝WhenIheardthenoise，Iturnedround.听到响声我转过身去。2．作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。Beingpoor，hecouldn'taffordaTVset.＝Becausehewaspoor，hecouldn'taffordaTVset.由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。3．作条件状语相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Workinghard，you'llcertainlysucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard，you'llcertainlysucceed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。4．作结果状语通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。Thefirelastedawholenight，causinggreatdamage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。[名师点津]动词­ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用onlytodo结构，其被动形式为onlytobedone。Hewascaughtintherain，thusmakinghimselfcatchacold.被雨淋后他感冒了。Ihurriedtoschool，onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5．作让步状语相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。Livingmilesaway，heattendedthecourseontimeeveryday.＝Although/Thoughhelivedmilesaway，heattendedthecourseontimeeveryday.尽管离几英里远，他每天都按时上课。6．作方式和伴随状语动词­ing表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom，readingabook.＝Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。(二)注意事项1．时态以do为例，其­ing形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(havingdone)。(1)当表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用动词­ing的一般式。Walkinginthestreet，Imetanoldfriendofmine.我走在街上的时候，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用动词­ing的完成式。Havingfinishedtheletter，hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先发生的，went是后发生的)2．语态使用动词­ing的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于它和句子主语之间的关系。表示主动关系就用主动式，表示被动关系就用被动式。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theywereveryhappy.被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。3．动词­ing形式的否定式：not＋v.­ing；nothaving＋v.­edNotknowingthis，hedidn'tcome.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Nothavingmadefullpreparations，weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4．独立主格结构动词­ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。Thosetreesareextremelytall，somemeasuringover90metres.那些树非常高，其中一些高达90多米。Theweatherbeingfine，wewentoutforawalk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。[名师点津]有些动词­ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般来说”，judgingby/from...“从……判断”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”。Judgingfromhisbehaviour，hemustbemad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。Generallyspeaking，girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。[即学即练2]用动词­ing短语改写句子①Thestormleftandhadcausedalotofdamagetothisarea.→Thestormleft，havingcausedalotofdamagetothisarea．②Dobemorecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.→Dobemorecarefulwhencrossingthestreet．③Asitwasawetday，wecouldn'tgoforawalk.→Itbeingawetday，wecouldn'tgoforawalk.④Becausehedidnotknowhowtodoit，hewenttoherforhelp.→Notknowinghowtodoit，hewenttoherforhelp.⑤Assoonasshehadmadethebeds，shestartedmakingbreakfast.→Havingmadethebeds，shestartedmakingbreakfast.三、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词­ing形式及其短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(如see，observe，notice，watch，hear，smell，listento，lookat，feel等)以及其他动词(如catch，have，make，get，start，leave，keep，find等)的宾语后面，作宾语补足语。Isawasmallgirlstandinginfrontofagoldfishpond.我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。[名师点津]在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接动词­ing形式作宾语补足语，其区别是：动词­ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过程；不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成，指全过程。Isawthethiefgettingonthetrain.我看见那个贼正在上火车。Isawthethiefgetonthetrainanddisappear.我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。2．用于with复合结构中，作宾语补足语Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。Withsomanypeoplelookingather，shefeltnervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。[即学即练3]单句语法填空①Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknocking(knock)gentlyonthewindow.②Isuddenlyfeltmyselfbeinghit(hit)byaheavyfist.③Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficrunning(run)smoothly.④WhenIgotthere，Isawthefamousstarbeingsurrounded(surround)bysomegirls.⑤Withthecrowdscheering(cheer)，theydrovetothepalace.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thewaiting(wait)roomisalwaysfullofallkindsofpeople.2．Isawastrangercoming(come)intothemanager'soffice.3．Theboysgathering(gather)attheschoolgatearemyclassmates.4．Thosewishing(wish)tojointhisclubshouldsignhere.5．Havingmissed(miss)thebus，wehadtowalkhome.6．Watching(watch)theplay，shecouldn'tkeepbackhertears.7．Nothaving(have)muchmoney,MarydecidedtothumbaridetoNewYork.8．Thestudenttalking(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereismybrother.9．WhenIsawthedogbeingbeaten(beat)byseveralboys，Icameuptostopthem.10．Themanleftusstanding(stand)alone，unabletofindanyhelp.Ⅱ.短文语法填空BuyingbooksontheInternetisagreatway1.tosave(save)timeandmoney.Onlinebookstoresoffernewbooksandusedbooks2.that/whichcansaveyoualotofmoney.What'smore，theyarefarbetter3.compared(compare)totraditionalbookstoresastheyoffermuchbroaderkindsofbooks.Youcaneitherclickthekindofe­booksonlineortypethebooktitleandgetitinseconds.Anotheradvantageof4.shopping(shop)onlineisthatyoucanalsoreadthebookreviewsaswellasreaders'reviewstogetanideawhetherthebookisworth5.buying(buy)．Onlinebo