组织学与胚胎学17皮肤(中英)

Skin

皮肤11.GeneraldescriptionStructure：Skin：Epidermis表皮&dermis真皮Appendages附属器官:

Hair，nails,sebaceousgland，sweatgland.*

HypodermisFunction:1.

Protectionfrominjuriesormicroorganisms.2.Sensitiveorgan(feelingpain,temperature,touch&pressure).

3.

Regulationthebalanceofwater,electrolyte&temperatureofbody.2Epidermis

表皮

Dermis真皮Hypodermis皮下组织

CornifiedlayerClearlayerGranularlayerSpinouslayerBasallayerSweatglandductSmallveinNerveLamellarcorpuscle32.Epidermis

表皮

(1)Construction

：角化的复层扁平上皮KeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepitheliumKeratinocyte

Bascallayer

角质形成细胞

Spinouslayer

Granularlayer

Clearlayer

Cornifiedlayer

non-MelanocytesKeratinizedLangerhanscells

cellMerkelcells非角质形成细胞4A.Keratinocyte角质形成细胞

cornifiedlayer角质层clearlayer透明层granularlayer颗粒层spinouslayer棘层basallayer基底层5Basallayer:基底层LM:onelayer,restonB.M.,basophilic,showingmitoticfig.

EM:ribosome,tono-filaments张力丝(keratinfilaments,K.F.),角蛋白丝desmosome&hemidesmosome.6Spinouslayer:棘层LM:5-10layers,polygonal.EM:

bundledK.F.;lamellatedgranules(L.G.)板层颗粒w/parallellamellae,containingglycolipid糖脂&steroid胆固醇spinousprocesses

棘状突起connectedbydesmosomes桥粒.7棘细胞电镜像8板层颗粒电镜像9Granularlayer:颗粒层LM:3-5layers,spindle,basophilic,degeneratingnu.&organells核和细胞器退化EM:

KeratohyalinG透明角质颗粒(nomembrane,containingpro.),K.Gw/penetratedbundledK.F.=keratin;.AbundantL.G板层颗粒(excreteintointercellularspacetostrengthenthecellconnection&thickenthecellmembrane).1011Clearlayer:透明层LM:3-4layers,flattened,

transparent.EM:sameascornifiedlayerCornifiedlayer:角质层LM:thick,flattened,acidophilic(red),continuouslyshed.EM:

noNu.&organelles,fullofkeratin角蛋白,thickenedmembrane,degenerateddesmosomes(surfacelayers).12表皮光镜图13

表皮由基底层到角质层的变化过程，是角蛋白形成细胞增殖、分化、移动和脱落的过程，也是生成角蛋白和角化的过程。小结14B.Non-keratinocyte非角蛋白形成细胞

(1)Melanocyte黑素细胞Location:basallayerLM:roundbodyw/pale-stainingcytoplasm&longbranchedprocesses15Melanosome黑素体Tyrosinetyrosinase

melaninmelaningranule黑素颗粒fullofmelaninFunctionEM:richinrER,r.,Gl.,Mt.&Mf.,melanosomes黑素体（膜包小体）containingtyrosinase酪氨酸酶.16黑素细胞Function:生成melanin(黑色素)→转移到角质形成细胞，保护；决定皮肤颜色。17(2)Langerhanscells:郎格汉斯细胞Location:amongspinouscells18E.M.:Processes,lobednuclear,nokeratinfilamentanddesmosomes.specialgranules(Birbeckgranules)(伯贝克颗粒)19郎格汉斯细胞（EM）伯贝克颗粒20郎格汉斯细胞胞质电镜像(↑伯贝克颗粒)21Function:atypeofantigenpresentingcellinskin.Identify,bindandprocessforeignantigens.在对抗侵入皮肤的病原生物、监视癌变细胞和排斥移植的异体组织中起重要作用22

(3)Merkelcells:梅克尔细胞Location:amongbasalcellsEM:shortprocesses,lobednuclear,densecorevesicles致密核心小泡,chemicalsynapse突触b/wthecellbaseandnerveending.Function:perceptionofstimulation接受机械刺激/induceandregulatethegrowthofnervefiberinskin?

MerkelcellNerveendingBasalcell23梅克尔细胞电镜像243.Dermis真皮Papillarlayer:乳头层thinL.C.T→dermalpapillae(真皮乳头)c.t.w/finecollagenousf.&morecells(mastcells,macrophages&leukocytes),capillaries,freenerveendings&tactilecorpuscles.触觉小体Function:

strengtheningconnection;touchfeeling;nourishment.252.Reticularlayer:

网织层Densec.t.:bundledcollagenousf.&moreelasticf.,fewercells,Sweatglands(汗腺),

Sebaceousglands(皮脂腺),Hairfolliciles(毛囊)&lamellatedcorpuscles(环层小体).3.Hypodermis皮下组织:

Adiposetissue26皮下组织：疏松结缔组织＋脂肪组织27CutaneousAccessoryStructure

皮肤的附属器1.Hair

毛

hairshafthairroothairfollicle

毛囊hairSebaceousglandsweatglandhairpapillahairbulb28hairshafthairrootepithelialrootsheathctsheathhairpapillahairshaftandhairroot毛干和毛根：为角化的上皮，细胞内充满角蛋白并含黑素颗粒hairfollicle毛囊：内层为上皮性鞘，与表皮相连；外层为结缔组织性鞘，由致密结缔组织构成29Hairbulb毛球：毛根和毛囊下端合为一体、膨大形成；是毛和毛囊的生长点hairfollicle毛乳头：结缔组织在毛球底面突入毛球，富含毛细血管；对毛生长起营养作用,毛乳头对毛的生长起诱导作用arrectorpilimuscle立毛肌：与皮肤表面成钝角的一束平滑肌,连接毛囊和真皮;收缩使毛发竖立30arrectorpillimuscle31毛根、毛囊、毛球、毛乳头光镜像32332.Sebaceousgland皮脂腺

Alveoli泡状腺:

:

Alayerofsmallerimmaturecellatperiphery,possessactiveproliferatingability;thecentralcellsarekaryopyknosis核固缩,fulloflipiddroplet,&excretesebumbyholocrin.近导管处腺细胞解体排出

Duct导管:shorter,openatthesuperiorsegmentofhairfollicle毛囊.

Function:softenskinandkillbacteria.分泌皮脂，润滑皮肤343.Sweatgland汗腺(1)Merocrinesweatgland:局泌汗腺Simplecoiledtubulargland.单曲管状腺Secretoryportion分泌部:simplepyramidalcell,W/myo-epithelialcellb/wcell&basallamina.Ductportion导管部:

twolayersof

cuboidalepithelialcells,intenselystain,openatswea