跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件

Unit4

VerbalCommunication1Unit4VerbalCommunicationObjectivesLearntheculturallyloadedwordsLearntheculturalreflectionsonproverbsLearntaboosLearnthedifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns2ObjectivesLearntheculturally

CONTENTS

I.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:culturallyloadedwordsculturalreflectionsonproverbstaboosdifferencesinculturalthoughtpatternsIII.SummaryIV.Assignments3CONTENTSI.Warm-up44Case1.ShoesforStreetWalkingI.Warm-upcasesQuestion:WhydidtheItalianshopownermakesuchablunder?Shoesforstreetwalking.Comeinandhaveafit.5Case1.ShoesforStreetWalkiInterpretation

astreetwalker-----aprostitutetohaveafit--------tobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset6InterpretationastreetwalkerCase2.AMisunderstandingCausedbyaJokeComment:Hustle----toforcesbtomakeadecisionbeforetheyarereadyorsure-----toworkasaprostitute/romanceorsexishinted7Case2.AMisunderstandingCauCase3Lookout8Case3Lookout8Case3LookoutDidn'tyouhearmecall'lookout'?Yes,andthat'swhatIdid.9Case3LookoutDidn'tyouhearCase3LookoutLookout----tostickyourheadoutsideofsth.(window/door)totakealook----tobecareful,especiallywhenthereisdanger10Case3LookoutLookout----toII.DetailedStudy

Loadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertones(n.

暗示，弦外音，寓意)orconnotations(n.

涵义，言外之意),andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning.1.CulturallyLoadedWordsWhatisloadedwords?11II.DetailedStudyLoadedw

CulturallyLoadedWords

文化负载词

(CulturalLoaningWords)1.是指标志某种文化中特有事物的词组和短语.2.文化负载词是反映一个国家、一个民族特有的文化和历史的一些词汇.12

CulturallyLoadedWords

文化负载词2.2ColorTermsinChinese

andEnglishGroupWork

1.红糖2.红茶3.眼红4.开门红5.红白喜事1.brownsugar2.black-tea3.green-eyed4.tobeginwell,tomakeagoodstart5.weddingsandfunerals132.2ColorTermsinChinese

1.清白2.白眼3.青天4.背黑锅5.黄色书刊1.pure/clean/stainless2.superciliouslook3.bluesky4.bemadeascapegoat/beunjustlyblamed5.filthybooks141.清白1.pure/clean/stainlessbluebookablueMondayawhitelieagreenwoundred-letterdays蓝皮书（美）刊载知名人士的书倒霉的星期一善意的谎言新伤，未痊愈的伤口喜庆的日子15bluebook蓝皮书（美）刊载知名人士的书15TranslatingtheUnderlinedPart1)He’sjustagreenrecruitfreshfromcollege2)Itriedtocallhermanytimesbutshewasinabrownstudyanddidn’thearme3)Oneday,outoftheblue,agirlrangupandsaidshewasmysister4)Thenewofficeblockhasunfortunatelybecomeanexpensivewhiteelephant16TranslatingtheUnderlinedPar5Marywasalwaysregardedastheblacksheepofthefamily6You’dbetterdosomethingtoproveyou’renot7Canyouseethegreeninhereyes?8Themerethoughtofherhusbandwiththesecretarymadeherseeyellow175Marywasalwaysregardedas9)IgotsomeblacklooksfromtheshopkeeperwhenIcancelledmyorder.10)WhenI’mfeelingblue,allIhavetodoistakealookatyou,andthenI’mnotsoblue11)Don’ttellmeanywhitelietomakemefeelgood12)

Itmaycostoveraweektogothroughalltheredtapetogetpermission189)Igotsomeblacklooksfrom13Histypeofhumorisabittooblackformytastes14Areyouallright?–Youlookabsolutelywhite

15Hebasedhisjudgmentonheadlinesandyellowjournalism1913Histypeofhumorisabityellowjournalism指不择手段的夸张，渲染以招揽或影响读者的黄色新闻编辑作风。如突出社会丑闻，把普通新闻写得耸人听闻，有时甚至歪曲事实以引起轰动等。20yellowjournalism20

龙------dragon干部----cadre母马----femalehorse?/mare?扁担---acarryingpole;ashoulderpole一本书---abook

知识分子----intellectual社会科学-socialscience?/thehumanities?CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords?21龙------dragonCanyoufindtheInterpretations

龙---inCC,itisatotemwithmany

royalassociations,龙颜，龙床，龙袍，龙心大喜。InEC,dragonreferstohorrible,disgustingmonsters.22Interpretations

龙---inCC,it知识分子InCC,itreferstopeopleincludingcollegeteachers,collegestudents,middleschoolteachers,andsuchpeopleasmedicaldoctors,engineers,interpreters.InEC,itreferstopeopleofhighacademicstatus(collegeprofessors)–muchsmallerrangeofpeople.

notalwaysacomplimentaryterm,sometimesusedinderogatorysense.23知识分子InCC,itreferstopeopl干部----asmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose.骨干队伍----amemberofthiskindofgroup.干部InEC,manypeopledon’tknowwhatitmeans.(notacommonword)Someothersubstitutes:

official,functionary,administrator,etc.ButnoneofthesegetsexactsamemeaningasChineseword“干部”.24干部----asmallgroupofpeople社会科学SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences.Sameas“thehumanities”inEnglish.WhileinEnglish,“socialsciences”coverasmallerareaoflearning.Itincludespoliticalscience,economics,

history(oftenclassifiedunderthehumanities)andsociology.----thebranchesoflearningthatstudyhumansociety,especiallyitsorganizationandrelationshipofindividualmemberstoit.25社会科学SocialSciencesinChineseBirdsandanimals/maleorfemaleGenerictermmalefemaletheyoungchickencock/roosterhenchickduckdrakeduckducklinggoosegandergoosegoslinghorsestallionmarefoalcattle/cowbullcowcalfdogdogbitchpuppysheepramewelambdeerstagdoefawnpigboarsowshoat26Birdsandanimals/maleorfembull,cow,cockorhen,male,female,she

Notallanimalsorbirdshavespecificnamesthatdenotedifferentsex.bull,cow,cockorhen

arefrequentlyusedtodistinguishsex.bullseal,cocksparrow,hensparrowmale,female,she

alsoacceptablemaleleopard,femalepanda,shewolf27bull,cow,cockorhen,male,副副主席vice-chairman副教授associateprofessor副主任deputydirector副秘书长assistantsecretary副州长lieutenantgovernor副国务卿undersecretary28副副主席vice-chairman28SummaryAterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;（扁担）Wordsortermsinbothlanguageappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings;（龙）29SummaryAterminonelanguageThingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,ie,finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage;（社会科学）Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning,buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmaydifferconsiderablyfromeachother.（龙）30Thingsorconceptsarereprese2.CulturalReflectionsonProverbsProverbsmayprovideinterestingglimpsesorcluestoapeople’sgeography,history,socialorganization,socialviews,etc.Anewbroomsweepsclean.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Don’tputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Killtwobirdswithonestone.Hastemakeswaste.312.CulturalReflectionsonProWherethere’ssmokethere’sfire.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.Beautyisonlyskindeep.Sparetherodandspoilthechild.Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine.32Wherethere’ssmokethere’sfiManproposes,Goddisposes.尽人事，听天命。/谋事在人，成事在天。Itisasintostealapin.勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。Revengeisadishthatcouldbeeatencold.君子报仇，十年不晚。Everydoghasitsday.人人皆有得意日。/十年风水轮流转。33Manproposes,Goddisposes.33Adog’slife争吵不休，过着不安宁的日子Gotothedogs每况愈下Dog-eat-dog狗咬狗的，损人利己的Doginthemanger站着茅坑不拉屎Dogdays大热天Doggybag餐馆里的打包袋34Adog’slife34Theaboveexpressionsgetsimilar/samemeaningsbothinEnglishandChinese.Butsomeothersgetdissimilarities:良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。一人得道，鸡犬升天。35TheaboveexpressionsgetsimiHardtofindequivalentsAbsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Letsleepingdogslie.Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks.Youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.36HardtofindequivalentsAbsencLighteningneverstrikesthesameplacetwice.福无双至，祸不单行。？坏事不过二。祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重复发生。Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一叶知秋。？一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。37LighteningneverstrikesthesSurfacesimilarities,butdifferencesIttakestwotomakeaquarrel.Amissisasgoodasamile.Gildingthelily.Lifebeginsatforty.Ifyouliedownwithdogs,youwillgetupwithfleas.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。38Surfacesimilarities,butdiffPleasechoosetheproperwordsforeachphrase.harehorsesnailmousebeemule

asbusyasa______

asslowasa

______

asstubbornasa______

astimidasa_____

snailbeemulehareasstrongasa_____

horseaspoorasachurch_____

mouse39Pleasechoosetheproperwords3.Taboos（1）mentionofgods(神灵的名字)（2）near-swearing(近似誓词咒语)（3）sex（4）death（5）disease（6）excretion(排泄)403.Taboos403.Taboos

英汉相同禁忌话题（1）sex（2）theactivitiesintherestroom（3）somethingdisgusting，如呕吐、抠鼻子等（4）somethingsad，如患了癌症、死亡等。但由于在历史、文化、思维等方面存在着差异，他们的委婉语有着很大的不同。413.Taboos英汉相同禁忌话题413.Taboos（disease）

WesternCulture:cancer:thebigC;longillnessAIDSor梅毒:socialdiseaseChineseCulture:不治之症423.Taboos（disease）WesternCul3.Taboos（分泌menstruation）

WesternCulture:I'mhavingmyperiods.Iamawomanforaweek.Iamhavingmyfriendswithme.ChineseCulture:例假；倒霉了；身上来了433.Taboos（分泌menstruation）West3.Taboos（上厕所）

WesternCulture:toilet;watercloset;restroompasswater;answernature'scall;washone'shands,doone'sbusinessChineseCulture:方便；去一号443.Taboos（上厕所）WesternCultureHumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeone’sauntI’mgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.45HumanExcretiongotothecan/3.Taboos（pregnant）

WesternCulture:

sheisexpectingababy.

sheisinafamilyway.sheisexpecting.sheisinadelicatecondition.sheiswell-along.sheisabouttohaveablessed

event.ChineseCulture:有了、有喜了、快要当妈妈了463.Taboos（pregnant）WesternCu3.Taboos（die）

WesternCulture:

passaway;gototheheaven;gotosleep;gotoseetheGod;depart;beinheavenwithGod

departfromthisworld；gotoabetterworldChineseCulture:去世了、老了、走了、没了驾崩、薨、夭折、牺牲、一命呜呼、断气“离开了我们”,“辞世”,“去见马克思了”,“归西”,“升天”,“上路”473.Taboos（die）WesternCulture3.Taboos（英汉不同禁忌话题）

年老称谓483.Taboos（英汉不同禁忌话题）年老483.Taboos（old）

WesternCulture:

aseasonedman(历练者)theadvancedinage(年长者)themature;elderhospital(老人团)retirementhome(敬老院)；privatehospital(老人院)nursinghome(养老院)；goldenageclub(老年俱乐部)ChineseCulture:“老”常带敬意，是资历和地位的象征老师、老同志、老大爷、老师傅493.Taboos（old）WesternCulture3.Taboos（称谓）

WesternCulture:

城市、街道、地名用著名总统名：Washington;Lincoln大学以赞助人的名字命名：Harvard;StanfordNameafter......ChineseCulture:忌讳晚辈的名字与长辈相同、谐音或同音；有，不尊敬长辈，是欺祖少用历史人物名讳，没福分，短命503.Taboos（称谓）WesternCulture:3.Taboos---aculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo,useortalkaboutaparticularthingaspeoplefinditoffensiveorembarrassingExcretaandactsofhumanexcretionSexualintercourse/certainpartsofthebody(fourletters)Swearwords(age,sex,occupation)513.Taboos---aculturalorreliHumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeone’sauntI’mgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.52HumanExcretiongotothecan/Sex/Bodypartspeepee(penis)weewee(urinate)downthere(vagina)sheisexpectingababy.sheisinafamilyway.Sheisexpecting.Sheisinadelicatecondition.Sheiswell-along.Sheisabouttohaveablessedevent.53Sex/Bodypartspeepee(penis)5dieGodepartdepartfromthisworldgotoabetterworldgothewaysofallfleshpassawaylateInChinese,wealsocanfindsimilareuphemisms:“去了”,“离开了我们”,“辞世”,“去见马克思了”,“归西”,“升天”,“上路”54dieGo54diseaseAbbreviations:SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes)

AIDS(AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome)V.D(venerealdisease)性病bigC/longdisease/terminalillness(cancer)55diseaseAbbreviations:55OldAgeseniorcitizensadvancedinagegoldenyears56OldAgeseniorcitizens56Swearwords1.somewordsaremoreoffensivesomeareless2.age,sex,occupation3.settingorenvironment57Swearwords1.somewordsarem4.DifferencesinCulturalThoughtPatternsEnglish-speakers---linearanddirectSemitic---co