专四词汇与语法汇总

专四辅导系列之丛书系列语法练习英语专四语法与词汇练习题111.Firstpublishedin1927,thechartsremainan_______sourceforresearchers.AintelligentBindispensableCinevitableDidentical2.Please___dictionarieswhenyouarenotsureof____wordspellingormeaning.AsearchBseekCinquireDconsult3.It____youtoatleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.AcreditsBentitlesCpresentsDtips4.The__atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.AconfinementBconventionCdisciplineDprinciple5.Doctorswarnedagaisntchewingtobaccoasa_____forsmoking.AsuccessionBsubstituteCrevivalDrelief答案1-5BDBCB1.选Bindispensabletodosth,indispensableforsth/doingsth不可缺少的,必需的inevitable不可避免的，必然发生的identical同一的,identicalto/withsb/sth与……完全相同的2.选Dconsultwithsb与某人商量,consult查阅3.选Bentitlesbtosth(用于被动语态)给某人获得某事物或权利4.选Cdiscipline训练方式,处罚confinement限制，监禁convention大会5.选Bsubstitute代替,替用品revival恢复，苏醒英语专四语法与词汇练习题121.Shemanagedtosave__shecouldoutofherwagestohelpherbrother.AhowlittlemoneyBsolittlemoneyCsuchlittlemoneyDwhatlittlemoney2.Thestatuewouldbeperfectbutforafewsmall__initsbase.AmistakesBweaknessCflawsDerrors3.Themorningnewssaysaschoolbus__withatrainatthejunctionandagroupofpolicmenweresentthereimmediately.AbumpedBcollidedCcrashedDstruck4.Thescreamingofawoman____ourattentionback_____theTVprogram.Apaid...atBgot...onCcalled...toDdrew...over5.Thistyperwriteris____yourservice.AatBinConDunder答案解析：1.选D.whatlittle+n表"所仅有的"2.选Cflaw"缺陷，瑕疵，裂痕"Thereisonlyaflawinhisargument.mistake和error强调的是"错误"，weakness"弱点"3.选Bcollide碰撞，撞Thetwocarscollided,butluckilynoonewasseriouslyhurt.strike打，袭击，攻击Hestrucktheboyaviolentblow.bump碰，冲撞，偶遇Ibumpedintoanoldfriendofmineontheroad.crash碰撞，坠落Thecarcrashedintoatree.4.选Ccall(draw)one'sattentionto将某人的注意力吸引到……payattentionto注意，重视Pleasepayattentiontoyourspellings.5.选Aatone'sservice听候某人吩咐，听凭某人使用.(其他没有如此搭配)英语专四语法与词汇练习题131.Wearewritingtothemanager__therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.AwiththeexceptionBwiththepurposeofCwithreferencetoDwithaviewto2.Thenthespeaker__thevariousfactorsleadingtothepresenteconomiccrisis.AwentafterBwentintoCwentforDwenton3.Theoryisbasedonpracticeand__servesandguidespractice.AinturnBbyturnsCinreturnDtakingturns4.Wehadn’trealizedthattherewouldbeapowercutsowewereastonishedwhenthewholehousewas__intodarkness.AdroppedBdivedCdrownedDplunged5.Theschoolcommitteenaturallyhopethattheirchoiceofplaywillbe__withtheschoolandparents.AcontentBpleasedCfavorableDpopular1-5CBADD1.选Cwithreferenceto关于，根据Withaviewto以……为目标，指望于2.选Bgointo讨论，议论，详述Theywentintoitforseveralhours,withoutmuchsatisfactiononeitherside.gofor袭击，抨击Hisopponentwentforhimwhenhisbackwasturned.我要收藏goon进行，发生Ifyouneverreadnewspaper,you’llneverknowwhat’sgoingonintheworld.3.选Ainturn依次，反过来Theyspeakinturn.inreturn作为回报Ihelpedherrepairherbike,andshetreatedmetoacupofcoffeeinreturn.byturns轮流Theylaughedandcriedbyturns.taketurns(at)doingsth轮流做某事Thethreebrotherstookturns(at)lookingaftertheirmother.4.选Dplungeinto陷于某种状态Thecountrywasplungedintoawar.5.选Dbepopularwith受到……的喜爱becontentwith对某事感到满足Wearenotcontentwithourpresentachievement.bepleasedwith对……感到满意，高兴Iamverypleasedwithhehasdone.Favorable顺利的，有利的Theweatherisfavorabletousforastart.来英语专四语法与词汇练习题141.Thepolicemanstoppedhimwhenhewasdrivinghomeand__himofspeed.AchargedBaccusedCblamedDwarned2.Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnot__fortheelectionofsucharadicalcandidateasMr.Jones.AreasonableBripeCreadyDpractical3.Themanagingdirectortookthe__fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.AguiltBblameCchargeDaccusation4.Barryhadanadvantageoverhismother__hecouldspeakFrench.AsincethatBinthatCatthatDsothat5.Veryfewscientists__completelynewanswerstotheworld’sproblems.AcomeupwithBcomeoutCcomeroundDcomeupto答案1-5BBBBA1、Baccuseof指控某人犯……罪Hewasaccusedofcorruption.chargewith指控某人犯……罪Hewaschargedwithnegligenceofduty.blamesbfor因……埋怨，责怪Movieshavebeenblamedforthecrimewave.warnsbof警告，告戒某人Hewaswarnedofthedanger.2、Bripe引申为“时机成熟的，准备好的”Iwon’ttellherthenewsuntilthetimeisripeforit.readyfor做好准备的Areyoureadyforthejourney?3、Btaketheblameforsth对某事负责，内疚Wearereadytotaketheblameforthat.4、Binthat由于，因为Humanbeingsaresuperiortoanimalsinthattheycanuselanguageasatooltocommunicate.5、Acomeupwith提出，提供Heclaimedtohavebeenthefirsttocomeupwiththateout出现，显露，出版，发表Whenwillhisnewbookcomeout?comeround/around顺便来访，改变主意Hewillnevercomeroundtoourwayofeupto达到，符合OnlyinthiswaywillyoucomeuptotheParty’sexpectations.英语专四语法与词汇练习题151.Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya__.AthreadBcordCstringDrope2.Thequestionisstill__discussion.AinBbyCforDunder3.Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto__.AascendBdescendCdeclineDplunge4.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust__thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.AimproveBenhanceCguaranteeDgear5.Therehasbeena__lackofcommunicationbetweentheunionandthemanagement.AregretfulBregrettableCregrettingDregretted答案：1-5ADBDB1.选A四个选项都有“绳索”这个意思，但只有thread和hangby构成习语：hangbyathread千钧一发，危在旦夕2.选Dbe+prep+n(表动作的名词)来表示“被动”而underdiscussion是习惯搭配3.选Bdescend指人，物体从某一高度/斜面上“下来/降”Onturningthecorner,wesawthattheroaddescendedsharply.decline强调权利，繁荣，成就，健康状况，体力，记忆，数量的“减少，衰落”Hisinfluencedeclinedafterhelosttheelection.ascend渐渐上升，descend的反义词。Wewatchedtheballoonascendhigherandhigher.plunge使突然前倾或下降Thesuddenapplicationofthebrakesplungedhimforward.enhance增加，提高Themoonlightenhancedthebeautyofthescene.4.选Dgearto使……适合，配合Wemustgeartheamountofproductswemaketotheincreaseinpublicdemand.现在来分析题目.题中的To……,是目的状语.而we是主语,gear.to是谓语,而thequalitiesandvarietiesofproducts是宾语,而wemake是来修饰这个宾语的,theworld-marketdemand是宾补.句子的大致意思就是说我们必须根据市场的需求制造商品,才能在市场上立足.5选Bregrettable可惜的regretful后悔的，抱歉的英语专四语法与词汇练习题161.Ihavenodoubtthat__allofthesepeopleweretaughtinschoolthattheearthrevolvesaroundthesun.AvirtuallyBremarkablyCideallyDpreferably2.Thestorythatfollows__twofamouscharactersoftheRockyMountaingoldrushdays.AconcernsBstatesCproclaimsDrelates3.Tom__betterthantoaskDickforhelp.AshallknowBshouldn’tknowChasknownDshouldhaveknown4.Theschoolmaster__thegirl’sbraveryinhisopeningspeech.AapplaudedBenhancedCelevatedDclapped5.TheheadoftheMuseumwas__andletusactuallyexaminetheancientmanuscripts.ApromisingBagreeingCpleasingDobligingKeys:1-5AADAD1.选Avirtually实际上,几乎VirtuallythequeenrulestheKingdominsteadoftheKing.2.选Aconcern“关于”=beabout.Thisstoryconcernsagoodgirlandawickedfairy.state陈述,叙述Thebookstatesthecaseforwomen’srightsveryclaim宣布,宣告Theringingbellsproclaimedthenewsofthebirthoftheprince.3.选Dknowbetterthantodosth明白事理而不至于……Yououghttoknowbetterthantogoswimmingonsuchacoldday.4.选Aapplaud称赞，赞许Theteacherapplaudedhisbravespirit.enhance提高，增强，clap鼓掌。Elevate举起，提高Thefreshmorningairelevatedhim.5.选Dobliging乐于助人的，有礼貌的TheUnitedStatesandAustraliawerenotsoobliging.ThetwocountriesbannedtheimportofBritishbeefasearlyas1988.英语专四语法与词汇练习题171.Wemustn’trelaxourvigilance___.AintheleastBatleastCatmostDintheend2.Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedthestudentstoreadafew__fromthenovel.ApiecesBessaysCfragmentsDextracts3.Buttheyaslo__beyondtheindividualplacesandconsidertheearthasawhole.ApassBreachCgoDset4.Howhumanbeingsandtheirenvironmentact__eachother.AuponBforCasDto5.Themerefact__mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadnessdoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy答案1-5ADCAC1.选A①intheleast丝毫，一点Theydon’tinleastunderstandthis.②intheend最后，终于Intheendtheyreachedtheirdestinationbeforedusk.③atleast至少④atmost至多2.选D①extract做节录，引文，选段Heappliedtothepublisherforpermissiontoreprintanextract.②fragment碎片，断片，(文艺作品等的)残存部分Libertyandcivilizationareonlyfragmentsofrightswrungfromthestronghandsofwealthandbooklearning.③essay散文，小品文，随笔，短文，评论3.选Cgobeyond超过，超出Theseissuesgobeyondtherangeoflanguagestudy.而set和pass，reach不与beyond搭配。4.选A①actupon作用于Thisdrugactupon(on)thenerves.②actas作为……而作出反应，充当Hisjobwastoactasalinkbetweenthegovernmentandthepress.③workat从事Shehadbeenwonderingwhatsheshouldworkatinordertogainherdoctorate.5.选C从句子结构来看，fact后接的是同位语从句。英语专四语法与词汇练习题181.Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin__withhisincome.AcomparisonBproportionCassociationDcalculation2.ThePresidentmadehislastpublic__beforehistermofofficeended.AappearanceBengagementCgatheringDmeeting3.Thereisnomuchtimeleft,soI’lltellyouaboutit__.AindetailBinbriefCinshortDinall4.Thepopulationisleveling__intheareaasaresultoffamilyplanning.AwithBoffCupDagainst5.Therainwasheavyand__thelandwasflooded.AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently答案：1-5AABBA1.选A①incomparisonwith与……比较起来(可比相同点或不同点)ThetallestbuildingsinLondonaresmallincomparisonwiththoseofNewYork.②inproportionto与……成比例Theinsolenceofthevulgarisinproportiontotheirignorance:theytreateverythingwithcontemptwhichtheydonotunderstand.③inassociationwith与……联合，与……共同Theyfinishedtheworkinassociationwiththeirfriends.2.选Amakeone’slastappearance最后一次露面3.选B①inbrief简短地，简言之This,inbrief,istheanswertotheargument.②inshort总之，用在表总结的场合Youcan’tmakeme!Iwon’tdoit!Inshort,no!4.选B①leveloff达到平衡，稳定Pricesleveledoffaftertheinflationended.②levelwith和……一样，坦率诚实地对待Sheleveledwithhimandfeltbetterforit.③levelup使……升高，到同一个平面上，提高Weshouldleveltheoutputofourfactoryuptothatoftheadvanced.④levelagainst对某人提出(控告)Someofthecriticismsleveledagainstusarenotaltogetherfair.5.选A根据句子的意思，可以看出and前后表因果关系，所以选consequently表因此。英语专四语法与词汇练习题19TestNineteen表语从句中的虚拟语气如果句中主语的中心名词是suggestion,proposal,order,request,recommendation等，那么后面的表语从句一般要使用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为：(should)+动词原形。Hismotionisthatweshouldholdanothersessiontodiscusstheproblem.Myproposalwasthatwecanceltheexaminationandassignthestudentstowritetermpapersinstead.近义词辨析beam,shine,glitter,flash,glow这组词均含有“亮光”的意思。beam指由灯塔，日月等发出的“光束，光柱”，又可比喻高兴的表情或微笑。shine表示通过磨擦等手段达到的“光亮”。glitter指辉煌或灿烂的“光辉”，其光源主要为星、剑、黄金等闪光物体。flash表示突然而明亮的“闪光”，光源为电、火药、炮火等。glow指由余烬或萤火等发出的闪烁的“光辉”，通常指无焰的燃烧。如：Look,there’sabeamoflightcomingthroughthethickfog.瞧，浓雾里射出了一道光线。Giveyourshoesagoodshine.把你的鞋擦亮点儿。WewereattractedbytheglitteroftheChristmastreedecorations.我们被圣诞树上闪闪发光的装饰物所吸引。Hisfirstnovelwasaflashinthepan.他的第一部小说只是昙花一现。Theglowfromtheemberswarmedus.火红的余烬使我们感到暖洋洋的。全真模拟试题1.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial____toitsburningtemperature.A.beheatedB.isheatedC.wouldbeheatedD.toheated2.____willMr.Forbesbeabletoregaincontrolofthecompany.A.WithhardworkB.OnlyifheworkshardlyC.InspiteofhishardworkD.Onlywithhardwork3.____isnoreasonfordischargingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminutesbeinglateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate4.____whatmay,we’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.A.ComeB.CameC.ComingD.Havingcome5.Everymeans____triedoutbutneverwithsuccess,asfarasmyknowledgegoes.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen6.Heconcludedhisspeechwitharemarkthatfailure____themotherofsuccess.A.isB.wereC.wasD.mustbe7.Thedesignliaisonmeeting____tendaysbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted8.____beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A.HadtheyarrivedB.WouldtheyarriveC.WeretheyarrivingD.Weretheytoarrive9.As____clearfromhismanners,heisateacher.A.beingB.isC.tobeD.been10.GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas____todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.A.aretochallengeB.maybechallengedC.havebeenchallengedD.arechallenging11.Itisnecessarythatthestudents____moreexcercisestodo.A.haveB.musthaveC.willhaveD.canhave12.Thepresentsituationforcedusto____thispolicy.A.adaptB.admitC.adoptD.adjust13.Wecan____thetwoislandswithabridge.A.uniteB.connectC.relateD.combine14.Duetothebadweathertheplanewas____fortwohours.A.delayedB.canceledC.postponedD.dismissed15.The____populatedareawasabreedingplaceforinfectiousdiseases.A.denselyB.sparcelyC.improperlyD.poisonous16.Perhapsthecustomerhas____hismonthlystatementandnotpaidthebill.A.omittedB.bewilderedC.overlookedD.escaped17.Hewasalmostasleep,____withallthishardwork.A.worndownB.wornoutC.wornoffD.wornaway18.Ithappenedinfrontofafruitandvegetable____inmyneighborhood.A.stationB.standC.jointD.lift19.Thefirststepinthestudyofanylanguageisobservingand____preciselywhathappenswhennativespeakersspeakit.A.settingoffB.settingaboutC.settingupD.settingdown20.Asthepressure____,theliquidrockisforcedupthroughchannelsintheresistantrocktotheearth’ssurface.A.intensifiesB.magnifiesC.heightensD.deviates21.Pollisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome______atmanysurvivalskills.A.efficientB.proficientC.persistentD.transient22.Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto____ones.A.tragicB.turbulentC.vulnerableD.vicious23.Ibelievethatremark____fromwhatyousaidyesterday.A.resultedB.aroseC.cameD.originated24.Her____washeldatthelocalchurch.A.funeralB.festivalC.farewellD.finish25.Tom____ofhiswifehowshehadmetherfriend.A.askedB.questionedC.inquiredD.interrogated试题答案与解析1.A)【句意】形成火的条件之一是该材料能够被加热到燃烧的温度。【难点】A)项requirement这个词和idea,suggestion等一样，要求从句里的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。2.D)【句意】只有通过艰苦的工作，福比斯先生才能重新控制公司。【难点】only+状语放在句首时，具有强调作用，谓语必须倒装。3.C)【句意】只是迟到了几分钟，并不能成为解雇她的理由。【难点】A)，B)均不能充当句子主语，C)Thefact后跟that引出的同位语从句，D)Being是动名词。但D)中的名词being没有行为主体，未说明谁迟到，所以排除。4.A)【句意】无论发生什么事情，我们都不会对他无理的要求做出让步。【难点】comewhatmay是一个固定的用法，其中come总是用原形动词，在这一用法中，主谓必须倒装，此句相当于whatevermayhappen(不管发生什么情况)。5.C)【句意】就我所知，每种方法都试过了，但都没有成功。【难点】means虽以s结尾却是单数形式，因此谓语动词应选用第三人称单数。6.A)【句意】他用“失败乃成功之母”这句话结束了他的发言。【难点】表示客观事实或普遍真理时，句子通常用一般现在时，此类句子的时态不受其它分句时态限制。7.B)【句意】本期设计联络会将持续十天才会结束。【难点】bythetime意指nolaterthanthemomentthatsomethinghappens，常与过去完成时和将来完成时连用。8.D)【句意】如果他们能在我们后天离开之前赶到的话，我们就举行一次盛大的宴会。【难点】表示将来不可能发生的事实，常用虚拟语气，主句的谓语为should+动词原形(适用于第一人称主语)或would,could,might+动词原形(适用于其余人称主语);而条件句的谓语应该用should+动词原形，wereto+动词原形或直接用动词的过去时(如be改用were)。9.B)【句意】从他的举止便可以明显地看出，他是一名教师。【难点】as意为“如，照(某种事实或情况)”，在本句中为关系代词，指代第二个分句，as代替整个句子作主语时，谓语动词通常必须用单数。10.C)【句意】尽管牛顿非常伟大，然而他的许多观点当前正受到怀疑，并且当今的许多科学家正在努力对这些观点进行修正。【难点】challenge意为“挑战，怀疑”，常用作及物动词。本句中牛顿的观点受到挑战为一个当前已经发生的事实，故采用现在完成时的被动语态。11.A)【句意】学生们有必要做更多的练习。【难点】虚拟语气可以用于主语从句中，常用的句型为：It+is(was)+形容词that…，主语从句中的谓语用(should)+v.的表达形式。12.C)【句意】目前的形势强迫我们采纳这项政策。【难点】adopt意为“采用，采取，采纳”;adapt意为“使…适应;改编”;admit意为“承认”;adjust意为“调整;使…适应”。13.B)【句意】我们可以用桥将两座岛屿联接起来。【难点】connect意为“连接;与…衔接”;unite意为“结合;团结”;relate意为“把…与…联系起来”;combine意为“结合;联合;化合”。14.A)【句意】由于天气恶劣，飞机晚点两个小时。【难点】delay意为“使耽搁，延迟”;cancel意为“取消;终止”;dismiss意为“解雇，解散”;postpone意为“延期，拖延，缓办”，尤指因为某种原因事先作出安排，与delay不同。15.A)【句意】人口稠密的地区是传染病滋生的地方。【难点】densely意为“稠密地;浓密地;密集地”;sparsely意为“稀地;稀疏地”;improperly意为“不合适地，不协调地”;poisonously意为“有毒地，引起中毒地”。16.C)【句意】也许这位顾客忽略了他的月度报表，而没付单。【难点】overlook意为“忽略”;omit意为“遗漏;忘记”;bewilder意为“使迷惑;使糊涂;难住”;escape意为“逃过…的注意;被…忘掉”。17.B)【句意】他干了这么多重活儿，累得精疲力竭，差不多睡着了。【难点】wearout意为“使疲乏;使厌倦;使耗尽”;weardown意为“使消瘦，使厌烦”;wearoff意为“渐渐减少;消逝”;wearaway意为“消磨，打发，虚度;(时光等)流逝”。18.B)【句意】这件事发生在我们居民区一个水果蔬菜摊前。【难点】stand意为“摊位，摊子”;station意为“岗位”;joint意为“接合点，接合处”;lift意为“电梯”。19.D)【句意】任何语言学习的第一步都是观察和精确记录本族人说话时所使用的语言。【难点】setdown意为“写下，记录，记下”;setoff意为“出发，动身”;setabout意为“开始忙碌，着手工作”;setup意为“开办，建立，设立”。20.A)【句意】随着压力的增强，岩浆通过坚岩里的一些渠道被挤压到地球表面。【难点】intensify意为“强化，增强”;magnify意为“放大，扩大”;heighten意为“增高，提高”，指高度;deviate意为“越轨，脱离”，常与from连用。21.B)【句意】波尔是个重残者掌握多种生存技能的典范。【难点】proficient意为“熟练的，精通的”;efficient意