新教材人教版英语选择性课时作业UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS教学知识细解码

课时分层作业(一)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语提示写出单词。1．Theevidencedemonstrateshoweasilypeoplecanholdcontradictory(相互矛盾的)beliefs.2．Washismothertoosevere(严厉)onhim?3．Thedriverofthecrashedcarreceivedmultiple(多样的)injuries.4．Weshouldtransformoursubjectiveworldwhiletransforming(改变)theobjectiveworld.5．Accordingtoofficialstatistics(统计数字)，theislandhad37people.6．Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreased(减少)lastyear.7．Theymadesubstantial(重大的)changestothearrangements.8．Theprimeministerwasalwaysdemandingactiveintervention(干涉)earlyon.9．Thepolicehavenownarroweddowntheirlistofsuspects(犯罪嫌疑人)．10．Hewasnotdispleasedatthewayhehandled(处理)theproblem.Ⅱ.阅读理解ABrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion­dollarquestion：WhatifIwentthroughawormholeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?“Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense，”Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖论)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,“makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready，perhaps,tolearnmath.”WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange.“Thebasicstuffisimportant，”Greenesaid.“ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails.”GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis“notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam”.It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(现象)—andhavingfun!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。物理学家BrianGreene希望更多的孩子能够对现代物理学感兴趣。1．Amillion­dollarquestionisprobablyvery．A．direct B．difficultC．personal D．longB[细节理解题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，这个问题可能非常难。]2．ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind．A．areboringtoreadB．aremainlyaboutmathC．arepopularsciencebooksD．areonlypopularamongkidsC[推理判断题。根据第三段的“...booksby...makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合大众阅读，故这些书属于科普读物。]3．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A．Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B．Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C．Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D．ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.B[推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。]4．Inthelastparagraph，Greenehopesthat．A．kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB．kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC．kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD．kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlifeA[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。]BSirJohnGurdon,aBritishscientist,whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2012，saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years,andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues,thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst“test­tubebaby”.Hesaid，“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredone,anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwouldbebeforethesethingscouldbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid,‘Well,itcouldbeanytimebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years？’Itturnedoutthatitwasn'tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin,anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”．Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren,whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的),tocreateanotherbyusingthemother'seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild,thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective,is60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildrenwouldfeeltheyaresomesortofreplacementsforsomething.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。5．SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityinatmost.A．about100years B．about60yearsC．about50years D．about10yearsC[细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。]6．Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisNOTtrue?A．LouiseBrownisthefirst“test­tubebaby”．B．Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C．SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D．Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbefore.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“afterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst‘test­tubebaby’”可排除A项；文章尾段说明赞成者占六成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项表述不正确。]7．Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“”A．sameB．specialC．newD．clearA[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和“doctorswouldthereforesimplybe‘copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’”可知，A项正确。]8．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat．A．mostpeoplecastdoubtonJohn'sexperimentsB．humancloningisandwillbeonlyadreamC．fewchildrenlovetobeclonedinthefutureD．humancloningmayberealizedsomedayD[推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五ThereisanoldSpanishproverbwhichstates,“Tomorrowisoftenthebusiestdayoftheweek.”1Toomany.Butourdreamsshouldnotandcannotwait.Tomorrowisnotpromised.Nobodylikestotalkaboutdeath,buttherealityisthateverybodywilldiesomeday.Noneofusknowtheday.2Don'tgotoyourgravewithunfinisheddreams.Makethedecisiontogoaftereverydream,bigorsmall,rightnow.Theworldiswaitingforyourgift.Theworldiswaitingforyou.3Sure,otherpeoplemaybeabletosing,butthey'llneverbeabletosingexactlylikeyou.Sure,otherpeoplecanwrite,butthey'llneverbeabletowritefromthesamepointofviewinwhichyouwrite.4Youcandreamaboutwritingagreatnovel,butit'snevergoingtohappenunlessyouactuallyputyourpentopaper.Youcandreamaboutfindingacureforcancer,butitwillneverhappenunlessyouactuallygotoschooltobecomeequippedwiththenecessarytoolstofindthatcure.Youcan'tletfearwin.Oneofthebiggestdreamkillersisfear.Therearesomanypeoplewhocouldhavea