河南省高一下学期期末考试英语试卷带答案

第第页河南省高一下学期期末考试英语试卷(带答案）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一、阅读理解Australia’sTopNaturalAttractionsInAustralia,you’llfindanincrediblevarietyofjaw-droppingnaturalwonders.TheThreeSistersWhere:Two-hourdrivefromSydneyLocatedintheBlueMountains,theThreeSistersisastrikinglyunusualrockformationthatrepresentsthreesisterswhowereturnedtostoneaccordingtoAboriginallegend.Thetallestofthesistersstandsatover920mabovesealevel.TheGrampiansWhere:Three-hourdrivefromMelbourneTheGrampiansNationalParkisknownforitsamazingviews,sandstonemountains,wildflowers,wildlifeandthemust-seeMackenzieFalls.Takethe2.5-hourreturnhikethatendsinanincredibleviewoftree-coveredmountains,bluelakesandwidevalleys.TheGreatOceanRoadWhere:Two-hourdrivefromMelbourneReadyforsweepingcoastalviews,ancientrockformationsandanunbeatablefeelingoffreedom?Thenit’stimetohittheGreatOceanRoad.SomeofthemostimpressivesightsalongthewayareLochArdGorge,GibsonSteps,andLondonBridge.LakeHillierWhere:Eight-hourdrivefromPerthAlmosttoobeautifultobelieve,LakeHillierisknownforitsbrightpinkcolour.LocatedonMiddleIslandnearEsperance,LakeHillierisnottheonlypinklakeinAustralia,butit’softenconsideredthemostvibrant(鲜艳的).Itspinkcolourislessnoticeablewhenviewedfromthesurface,butitisveryeasilyseenfromabove.Infact,unlikeotherpinklakesaroundtheworld,itswaterisstilldistinctivelypinkevenwhenitisinaglass.1．HowlongdoesittaketodrivetotheBlueMountainsfromSydney?A．Twohours. B．Threehours. C．Fourhours. D．Eighthours.2．WhereshouldyougoifyouwanttoadmireMackenzieFalls?A．GibsonSteps. B．LondonBridge. C．TheGrampians. D．TheThreeSisters.3．WhatisLakeHillierfamousfor?A．Sandstone. B．Pinkwater. C．Asmallisland. D．Anoldlegend.JamesRillingofEmoryUniversityinAtlantapublishedthestudyinTheRoyalSocietyinNovember,2021.Histeamsurveyed50grandmotherseachwithonebiologicalgrandchildbe-tween3and12yearsoldandoneoftheirownchild.Theyalsomeasuredthebrainfunctionastheparticipantsviewedpicturesoftheirgrandchildandthesame-sexparentofthegrandchild.Researchersfoundthatgrandmothersviewingtheirgrandchild’spicturesactivatedpartsofthebrainthatinvolvedemotionalempathy(共鸣)andmovement.Incontrast,thestudyalsofoundthatwhengrandmothersviewedimagesoftheiradultchild,theyshowedstrongeractivationinanareaofthebrainassociatedwithcognitive(认知的)empathy.Thatindicatestheymaybetryingtocognitivelyunderstandwhattheiradultchildisthinkingorfeelingandwhy,butnotasmuchfromtheemotionalside.ComparedwithresultsfromanearlierstudybytheRillinglaboffathersviewingphotosoftheirchildren,resultsshowedthatgrandmothersactivatedmorepartsofthebrainthatinvolvedemotionalempathyandmotivation.“Thatsuggeststhatgrandmotherstendtofeelwhattheirgrandchildrenarefeelingwhentheyinteractwiththem,”Rillingsaid.“Iftheirgrandchildissmiling,they’refeelingthechild’sjoy.Andiftheirgrandchildiscrying,they’refeelingthechild’spainandsorrow.”Inmanysocieties,grandmothersareimportantcaregivers,andtheirinvestmentisoftenassociatedwithimprovingtheirgrandchildren’swell-being.It’spartofthereasonwhytheUScelebratesGrandparents’DayeachyearonthefirstSundayafterLaborDayinSeptember.Theannouncementwassignedin1978.“Becausegrandparentsareusuallyfreetolove,guideandbefriendtheyoungwithouthavingtotakethedailyresponsibilityforthem.Theycanreachoutpastprideandfearoffailureandclosethespacebetweengenerations,”theannouncementread.4．Howmanygenerationswerethereatleastintheparticipants’families?A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.5．WhatdidRillingsayaboutgrandmothersandtheirgrandchildreninparagraph3?A．Theircognitiveabilities. B．Theiremotionalinteraction.C．Theirrespectivepreferences. D．Theirimportantcharacteristics.6．Whatdidthe1978announcementshow?A．Thefearofgrandparents. B．Grandparents’Dayactivities.C．Grandparents’responsibilities. D．TheoriginofGrandparents’Day.7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．GrandmothersAreMoreLikelytoBeEmotionalB．GrandmothersEmpathizewithTheirOwnChildrenC．GrandmothersHoldDeepBondwithGrandchildrenD．GrandmothersHaveGenerationGapswithGrandchildrenJustwhenyouthoughtyouweretakingcareofyourhealthbyeatingenoughfruitandvegetableseveryday,newresearchhascomeoutrevealingthatyoumightbeswallowingmicroplasticparticles(颗粒)alongwithallthosevitamins,minerals,andfibre.AgroundbreakingstudypublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearchhasfoundthatfruitsandvegetablesabsorbmicroplasticparticlesfromthesoilandmovethemthroughvegetaltissues,wheretheyremainuntileatenbyhungrydiners,thusgettingtransferredtohumanbodies.Theresearchers,whoarefromtheUniversityofCataniainItaly,aswellasSousseandMonastiruniversitiesinTunisia,analyzedavarietyofcommonfruitsandvegetables—carrots,lettuce,broccoli,potatoes,apples,andpears.Thesewerechosenforthefactthattheyarefrequentlyconsumed,usuallyoneperday,whichallowedtheresearcherstobetterassessthedietaryintakesofMPs(microplasticparticles)andNPs(nano-plastics).ThesampleswerepurchasedfromdifferentsourcesinthecityofCatania,includingasmallfruitvendorandasupermarket.Theresearchersfoundthatapples,followedbypears,werethemostpollutedfruitsamples,andcarrotswerethemostpollutedvegetable.Inthestudy’sdiscussionsection,theauthorswrote,“WecanassumethatthefruitscontainmoreMPsnotonlybecauseoftheveryhighvascularization(血管化)ofthefruitpulp(果肉)butalsoduetothegreatersizeandcomplexityoftherootsystemandageofthetree(severalyears)comparedtothevegetables(60–75daysforthecarrot).”Thisstudyisimportantbecauseit’sthefirsttodetectmicroplasticsinfruitsandvegetables.Theyhavebeenfoundinothersourcesbefore,suchasseasalt,beer,water(bottled,inparticular),shellfish,sugar,soil,andevenair,butneverinsidefreshproduce.It’sanalarmingdiscoverythatraisesyetanotherredflagaboutmicroplasticpollutioninthenaturalenvironment.It’sanareathatwilllikelyseealotmoreattentionincomingyears,withthestudyauthorscallingforfurtherresearchintothequestionofmicroplasticandwhetheritharmsthehealthofbothplantsandhumans.8．Whatisthestudyabout?A．Themaincauseofsoilpollution.B．Thegreatchangesinpeople’sdiets.C．Thebenefitsofeatingfruitsandvegetables.D．Themicroplasticpollutioninfruitsandvegetables.9．Whydidresearcherschoosefrequentlyeatenfruitsandvegetables?A．Tolowerthecostofthestudy.B．Togainwidespreadacceptance.C．Toimprovetheaccuracyofthestudy.D．Toreducethetimeforpreparingthesamples.10．WhatmaycausefruitstocontainmoreMPsaccordingtotheauthors?A．Thedeepspreadingroots.B．Thelonggrowthperiodoffruittrees.C．Thecomplexpreservationmethod.D．Thelargeamountsofthefruitpulp.11．Whatdothestudyauthorsthinkoftheresearchonmicroplastic?A．Itneedstobefurtherstudied.B．Itwastedthemquitealotoftime.C．Ithasraisedpeople’sawarenessofhealth.D．Ithasattractedpeople’sattentiontodiets.UnitedAirlinesisaimingtohaveelectricaircraftflyingregionalroutesbytheendofthedecade,partofthecompany’sgoaltofullyreduceitscarbonfootprinttonetzeroby2050.Thosebattery-poweredaircraftarebeingdevelopedbySwedishstart-upHeartAerospace,fromwhichUnitedAirlinesplacedanorderfor100planesinJuly2021.UnitedAirlineshaspushedheavilyintoavarietyoflower-emissionformsofaviation,notonlyannouncingplanstobuyelectricairtaxisandverticalaircraft,aswellashydrogen-electricenginesbutalsoinvestinginthecompaniesbehindtheadvancedtechnologies.“Wecannotcontinuedoingandoperatingourbusinessthewaywedo;itisimportantthatwechangeit,andthewaywe’regoingtochangeitisthroughinvestingintechnology,”MikeLeskinen,UnitedAirlinesVenturespresident,saidinaninterviewaspartofCNBC’sESGImpactvirtualconferenceonThursday.“Existingtechnologyisgoingtoeithercauseustoflyless,whichisanunacceptablealternative,orcontinuewithacarbonfootprint,whichwebelieveisequallyunacceptable,”Leskinensaid.HeartAerospace,whichrecentlyredesignedwhatwillbeitsfirstelectricaircraftwhichisnowcalledtheES-30,planstohavetheplanesenterservicein2028,saidAndersForslund,thecompany’sCEOandfounder.The30-passengerplaneswillbedrivenbyelectricmotorswithbattery-derivedenergy,allowingtheplanestohaveafullyelectricrangeof200kilometers.Theplaneswillalsoincludeareserve-hybridenginepoweredbysustainableaviationfuel,allowingittohaveanextendedrangeofupto400kilometerswithafullflight.UnitedAirlinescouldpotentiallyofferthoseshorterroutesnotonlywithgreaterfrequencybutatalowercost.Leskinensaid.“Asweadoptelectricaircraft,Ithinkthecostfora30-seataircraftora50-seataircraft,astheindustryevolves,isgoingtobelowerthanatraditionalaircraft,”hesaid.Forsmallcities,thismeanstheyare“goingtogeteitherservicethattheydidn’thavebeforeorgreaterfrequencyofservice,”headded.12．WhatmessagedidMikeLeskinentrytodeliverinparagraph3?A．Economicbenefitsshouldcomefirst.B．Environmentalprotectionshouldcomefirst.C．Economyandenvironmentshouldbeequallyvalued.D．Economyandenvironmentcan’tbebalanced.13．Whatdowelearnabouttheelectricplanesmentionedinthetext?A．Theywilloffershort-distanceflights. B．Theywillflyfasterthantraditionalones.C．TheyweredevelopedbyUnitedAirlines. D．Theyeachcanhold30passengersatmost.14．WhatdidLeskinentrytostressabouttheelectricplanesinthelastparagraph?A．Theirsecurityperformance. B．Theirpotentialbenefits.C．Theiroperatingmodes. D．Theirpossibleproblems.15．Whichwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．ES-30WillBeDrivenbyElectricMotorsB．TheAirlineIndustryFacesNewOpportunitiesC．HeartAerospacePlanstoDevelopElectricPlanesD．UnitedAirlinesAimstoHaveElectricPlanesFlying二、七选五HowtoMakeaDifferenceinYourCareerMakingameaningfulcareerchoiceisacrucialdecisioninlife.16,suchasbeingadoctor,teacherorcharityworker.However,youdon’thavetolimityourselftojustthosechoices.Tohavealastingandmeaningfulimpact,it’simportanttoconsidertheproblemyouexpecttoovercome.Definewhat’spersonallysatisfying17.Toensuresuccess,rememberthatyourcareerisamarathonandnotashortrunning.Mostpeoplereachpeakproductivitybetweentheagesof40and60,soit’simportanttochoosesomethingthatyoucanstickwithforthelongterm.Whenlookingformeaningfulwork,considerwhatissatisfiedwithyou.DefineyourcareerimpactTomaximizeyourcareer’simpact,considertheimportanceoftheproblemyouareaddressing,howeffectiveyourjobisatdealingwithit,andyourpersonalfit.Yourpersonalfitdependsonyourabilitiesandcareercapital-skills,connections,andreputation,18,andyoucanensurethatyouhavealongtermimprovementinthelivesofothers.19Beforethinkingaboutspecificcareerpaths,it’svaluabletoconsiderwhatkindsofcareerstendtohavethehighestimpact.Remembermanycareercategoriescanenableyoutomakeabigcontributiontowhicheverglobalproblemsyouthinkaremostpressing.HaveaplanBandaplanZListpromisingalternativesyoucanswitchtoifyourplanAdoesn’tworkout.Ifyou’reambitiousenough,yourplanAprobablyhasagoodchanceofnotworkingout.20Toavoidunacceptablerisks,writeaplanZ—howyou’llgetbackonyourfeetifthingsgowrong.A．SoyoushouldbereadytotryagainB．TakeallthesefactorsintoconsiderationC．ExplorethekeycategoriesofmeaningfulcareersD．HaveabetterunderstandingofthecareercategoriesE．FindingworkthatispersonallysatisfyingcanbeachallengeF．PeoplewhoshowtheirinterestinchallengegetsatisfyingcareersG．Therearemanypathsthatyoucantaketocontributepositivelytotheworld三、完形填空Thepartoftheschooltripthatnoneoftheteenagerswerelookingforwardtohadarrived.Wesatwaitingonthebusfearinghow21theeveningwouldbe.“Couldn’ttheyhave22somemoreinterestingwaysfortheevening?”wethought.Afterwe23themuseum,however,myoriginal24werecontradicted.Wefoundthemuseumwasreally25eventhoughitcontainednothingbutchildren’sexhibits.MyfriendsandI26decidedtotakeadvantageofthemuseumexhibitsopento27.Wewalkedfromroomtoroomand28likethechildrenthatitwasintendedfor.We29insuperherocostumesthatwerewaytoosmall,servedeachother30icecreaminatoyicecreamshopand31othergames.Wehadagreattime.Afterthosefewhoursspentactinglikeasix-year-old,I32thatallofthestressofthecomingweekofschoolwas33.AndIwasleftwithoneofthebestfeelingsintheworld:thefeelingof34.WhatIlearnedwasthatsometimesthebest35forstressandabusylifeisassimpleasplaying.Ibelieveinchildhoodandthe36ofplaybecausesomeofmyfondest37havecomefromdoingchildishthings

38totheactivitiesinthemuseum.Now,anytimeIfeel39,Igoandplaywithmyfriendsandyoungerneighbors.Childhoodfeelingandgamesneverfailto40eventheworstofdays.21．A．amusing B．boring C．exciting D．embarrassing22．A．facedupto B．lookedbackon C．comeupwith D．stoodupfor23．A．searched B．departed C．avoided D．entered24．A．doubts B．hopes C．designs D．curiosities25．A．disappointing B．ordinary C．puzzling D．impressive26．A．generally B．suddenly C．immediately D．gradually27．A．hide B．trade C．pack D．explore28．A．acted B．calmed C．aided D．responded29．A．droppedoff B．dressedup C．paidoff D．ranaway30．A．expensive B．tasty C．false D．nutritive31．A．won B．watched C．lost D．played32．A．realized B．remembered C．predicted D．replied33．A．known B．gone C．challenging D．worrying34．A．school B．museum C．childhood D．adulthood35．A．reason B．cure C．demand D．excuse36．A．importance B．safety C．comfort D．purpose37．A．jokes B．memories C．ideas D．inventions38．A．opposite B．accessible C．similar D．available39．A．annoyed B．frightened C．ashamed D．stressed40．A．brighten B．spare C．waste D．save四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beforeleavingformystudytour,Iwas41(excite)andfearfulatthesametime.Icouldnotwaittostartalloftheadventures(冒险)thatIknewAustraliacouldoffer,butIwas42(terrible)afraidofbeingaloneandmissingoutontheevents43wouldgoonathomewhileIwasgone.LookingbacknowIfeelsillyfor44(allow)theseworriestocloudmymind.Whilemissingthingsathomewithlovedonesdidmakemefeelsadfromtime45timeIcontinuouslyreminded(提醒)myselfthatnoonebackathomewasexperiencingthenewandamazingthingsthatIwasinaforeigncountry.Oneofthemostimpressive46(part)ofstudyingabroadwasthechance47(make)newfriendsfromallovertheworld.InowhavesomeofthebestfriendsofmylifefromplaceslikeCanada,Australia,Denmark,Italy48evenSriLanka.Spendingtimewithpeoplefromallovertheworldhasopened49(I)eyestothewaythingsaredoneinothercountries.BeforestudyingabroadIonlyreallyknewwhatitwasliketoliveintheUnitedStates.ButnowIhavea50(great)knowledgeoftheculturesofdifferentcountriesthroughouttheworldthanbefore.五、短文改错51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Villagelifeistotallydifferentfromthatinthecity.IbroughtupinasmallvillagebutIcanremembersomanyfactsaboutvillagelifeonwintermornings.Inthevillage,people,whichfieldsneedtobelookedafter,areallhard-working.Toomuchcoldandfogcanmakeourworkalittlebitofhard.Theywakeupearlyinthemorningandwenttotheirfields,drovetheircows.Wintermorningsarespecialforkidsaswell.Thistimeisperfectlyforplayinggames.Asthechild,Iwouldgooutwithmyballtoplaywithsomeotherchild.AndthatiswhyIhavebeeninlovewithwintermorningseversince.六、其他应用文52．你校英文报youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。请你给主编写一封信，内容包括：1.读报的经历；2.喜爱的栏目；3.期望和祝福。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．A2．C3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚顶级自然景点。1．细节理解题。根据TheThreeSisters部分“Where:Two-hourdrivefromSydney(地点：距离悉尼两小时车程）”和“LocatedintheBlueMountains,theThreeSistersisastrikinglyunusualrockformationthatrepresentsthreesisterswhowereturnedtostoneaccordingtoAboriginallegend.(位于蓝山，三姐妹是一个惊人的不寻常的岩石构造，根据土著传说，这个构造代表着三个转化为石头的姐妹。)”可知，从悉尼开车去蓝山需要两个小时。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据TheGrampians部分“TheGrampiansNationalParkisknownforitsamazingviews,sandstonemountains,wildflowers,wildlifeandthemust-seeMackenzieFalls.(格兰皮恩斯国家公园以其壮丽的景色、砂岩山脉、野花、野生动物和必看的麦肯齐瀑布而闻名。)”可知，如果你想欣赏麦肯齐瀑布，你应该去格兰皮恩斯。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据LakeHillier部分“Almosttoobeautifultobelieve,LakeHillierisknownforitsbrightpinkcolour.(希利尔湖以其明亮的粉红色而闻名，美得令人难以置信。)”可知，希利尔湖以粉红色的水闻名。故选B。4．B5．B6．D7．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了祖母与孙辈的亲密关系。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Histeamsurveyed50grandmotherseachwithonebiologicalgrandchildbe-tween3and12yearsoldandoneoftheirownchild.(他的团队调查了50位祖母，每个祖母都有一个3岁和12岁的亲生孙子和一个自己的孩子。)”可知，该调研的参与者的家庭有祖母，孙子以及祖母自己的孩子，所以研究对象中至少有祖孙三代人。故选B项。5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Thatsuggeststhatgrandmotherstendtofeelwhattheirgrandchildrenarefeelingwhentheyinteractwiththem,”Rillingsaid.“Iftheirgrandchildissmiling,they’refeelingthechild’sjoy.Andiftheirgrandchildiscrying,they’refeelingthechild’spainandsorrow.”(“这表明祖母在与孙子孙女互动时往往会感受到他们的感受，”Rilling说。“如果他们的孙子在微笑，他们就会感受到孩子的快乐。如果他们的孙子在哭泣，他们就会感受到孩子的痛苦和悲伤。”)”可知，孙子微笑，祖母就微笑，孙子哭，祖母就感受到孙子的伤心与痛苦，由此可知，Rilling谈到祖母和孙辈之间的情感互动：祖母的喜怒哀乐与孙辈的喜怒哀乐相关。故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“It’spartofthereasonwhytheUScelebratesGrandparents’DayeachyearonthefirstSundayafterLaborDayinSeptember.Theannouncementwassignedin1978.(这也是美国每年在9月劳动节后的第一个星期日庆祝祖父母节的部分原因。该公告于1978年签署。)”结合上段中“Inmanysocieties,grandmothersareimportantcaregivers,andtheirinvestmentisoftenassociatedwithimprovingtheirgrandchildren’swell-being.(在许多社会中，祖母是重要的照顾者，她们的投资往往与改善孙子孙女的福祉有关。)”介绍的祖母的投入对孙辈的福祉影响可知，该布告表明了祖父母节来源于祖父母对孙辈们的关爱。故选D项。7．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Researchersfoundthatgrandmothersviewingtheirgrandchild’spicturesactivatedpartsofthebrainthatinvolvedemotionalempathy(共鸣)andmovement.(研究人员发现，祖母观看孙子的照片会激活大脑中涉及情感同理心和运动的部分。)”和“Incontrast,thestudyalsofoundthatwhengrandmothersviewedimagesoftheiradultchild,theyshowedstrongeractivationinanareaofthebrainassociatedwithcognitive(认知的)empathy.(相比之下，该研究还发现，当祖母观看成年子女的图像时，她们在与认知（认知的）同理心相关的大脑区域中表现出更强的激活。)”可知，第一二段介绍的是对祖母与孙辈的情感关系的研究，以及倒数第二段中的“Inmanysocieties,grandmothersareimportantcaregivers,andtheirinvestmentisoftenassociatedwithimprovingtheirgrandchildren’swell-being.(在许多社会中，祖母是重要的照顾者，她们的投资往往与改善孙子孙女的福祉有关。)”介绍的是祖母对孙辈的照料有助于改善孙辈的福祉，最后一段“It’spartofthereasonwhytheUScelebratesGrandparents’DayeachyearonthefirstSundayafterLaborDayinSeptember.(这也是美国每年在9月劳动节后的第一个星期日庆祝祖父母节的部分原因。)”陈述的是美国还设立了祖父母节，由以上内容可以推断，该文讲述的主题是祖母与孙辈的亲密关系。故选C项。8．D9．C10．B11．A【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一项新的研究发现，在新鲜的水果、蔬菜中首次检测到微塑料颗粒污染的问题。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“AgroundbreakingstudypublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearchhasfoundthatfruitsandvegetablesabsorbmicroplasticparticlesfromthesoilandmovethemthroughvegetaltissues,wheretheyremainuntileatenbyhungrydiners,thusgettingtransferredtohumanbodies.(发表在《环境研究》杂志上的一项突破性研究发现，水果和蔬菜从土壤中吸收塑料微粒，并将它们通过植物组织移动，直到被饥饿的食客吃掉，从而转移到人体)”可知，这项研究是关于水果和蔬菜中的微塑料污染的。故选D项。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thesewerechosenforthefactthattheyarefrequentlyconsumed,usuallyoneperday,whichallowedtheresearcherstobetterassessthedietaryintakesofMPs(microplasticparticles)andNPs(nano-plastics).(选择它们的原因是它们经常被消耗，通常每天都吃，这使研究人员可以更好地评估MPs（微颗粒）和NPs（纳米塑料）的饮食摄入量)”可知，研究人员选择经常吃的水果和蔬菜是为了以提高研究的准确性。故选C项。10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“WecanassumethatthefruitscontainmoreMPsnotonlybecauseoftheveryhighvascularizationofthefruitpulpbutalsoduetothegreatersizeandcomplexityoftherootsystemandageofthetree(severalyears)comparedtothevegetables(60–75daysforthecarrot)(我们可以认为水果含有更多的MPs，不仅是因为果肉的血管化非常高，还因为根系的尺寸和复杂性更大，树的生长周期比蔬菜更长)”可知，果树几年较长的生长期导致水果含有更多的微塑料颗粒。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’sanareathatwilllikelyseealotmoreattentionincomingyears,withthestudyauthorscallingforfurtherresearchintothequestionofmicroplastic(未来几年，这一领域可能会引起更多关注，研究者呼吁对微塑性问题进行进一步研究)”可知，研究者认为对于微塑性污染的研究需要进一步推进。故选A项。12．C13．A14．B15．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国联合航空公司的目标是在2030年之前让电动飞机飞区域航线，这是该公司到2050年将碳足迹完全减少到净零目标的一部分。12．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Existingtechnologyisgoingtoeithercauseustoflyless,whichisanunacceptablealternative,orcontinuewithacarbonfootprint,whichwebelieveisequallyunacceptable,”Leskinensaid.(“现有的技术要么使我们减少飞行，这是一个不可接受的选择，要么继续增加碳足迹，我们认为这同样是不可接受的，”Leskinen说)”可知，MikeLeskinen认为，公司无法接受为了环保而让飞机减少飞行次数，而继续像现在这样大肆排放二氧化碳污染环境公司同样也无法接受。由此推知，环境保护和经济效益要兼顾是他们选择未来使用电动飞机的主要原因。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“UnitedAirlinescouldpotentiallyofferthoseshorterroutesnotonlywithgreaterfrequencybutatalowercost.(Leskinen说，联合航空公司可能会提供这些较短的航线，不仅频率更高，而且成本更低)”可知，他们将会提供短途的航班。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“UnitedAirlinescouldpotentiallyofferthoseshorterroutesnotonlywithgreaterfrequencybutatalowercost.Leskinensaid.“Asweadoptelectricaircraft,Ithinkthecostfora30-seataircraftora50-seataircraft,astheindustryevolves,isgoingtobelowerthanatraditionalaircraft,”hesaid.(Leskinen说，联合航空公司可能会提供这些较短的航线，不仅频率更高，而且成本更低。“随着我们采用电动飞机，我认为随着行业的发展，30座或50座飞机的成本将低于传统飞机，”他说)”可推知，MikeLeskinen主要说明了这种电动飞机跟传统飞机相比之下的两大优势：其一是飞行成本低，其二是飞行频次高。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“UnitedAirlinesisaimingtohaveelectricaircraftflyingregionalroutesbytheendofthedecade,partofthecompany’sgoaltofullyreduceitscarbonfootprinttonetzeroby2050.(美国联合航空公司的目标是在本十年末让电动飞机在区域航线上飞行，这是该公司到2050年将碳足迹完全减少到净零的目标的一部分)”及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了美国联合航空公司计划让电动飞机飞行。由此可知，UnitedAirlinesAimstoHaveElectricPlanesFlying适合作本文标题。故选D。16．G17．E18．B19．C20．A【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择自己一生的职业并且如何在职业中做得出色。16．空格处承上启下。上文“Makingameaningfulcareerchoiceisacrucialdecisioninlife.(做出一个有意义的职业选择是人生中至关重要的决定)”说明的是职业选择的重要性。下文“suchasbeingadoctor,teacherorcharityworker(比如成为一名医生、教师或慈善工作者)”说明的是选择哪些职业。由此可知，G项“有很多途径可以让你对世界做出积极的贡献。”承接上文，引出下文，符合文意。故选G。17．空格处引出下文。根据下文“Toensuresuccess,rememberthatyourcareerisamarathonandnotashortrunning.(为了确保成功，请记住你的职业生涯是一场马拉松，而不是短跑)”可知，E项“找到个人满意的工作可能是一个挑战。”能够引起下文，说明了找到满意的工作具有挑战性，职业生涯是一场马拉松，符合文意。故选E。18．空格处承上启下。上文“Yourpersonalfitdependsonyourabilitiesandcareercapital-skills,connections,andreputation.(你的个人适合度取决于你的能力和职业资本技能、人脉和声誉)”说明影响适合度的因素。由此可知，B项“把所有这些因素都考虑进去。”承接上文，并引出下文；这些因素指的是“能力、职业基本技能、人脉和声誉”。故选B。19．设空处为本段主旨句。下文“Beforethinkingaboutspecificcareerpaths,it’svaluabletoconsiderwhatkindsofcareerstendtohavethehighestimpact.(在考虑具体的职业道路之前，考虑一下什么样的职业最有影响力是很有价值的)”说明的是“寻找最有影响力的职业”。由此可知，C项“探索有意义的职业的关键类别”起着总结本段作用，引出下文，说明的是探索有意义的职业，C项中的“explore”与下文中的“consider”相呼应。故选C。20．空格处承上启下。上文“Ifyou’reambitiousenough,yourplanAprobablyhasagoodchanceofnotworkingout.(如果你有足够的野心，你的A计划很可能不会成功)”说明的是“如果野心太大，A计划就不会成功”；下文“Toavoidunacceptablerisks,writeaplanZ—howyou’llgetbackonyourfeetifthingsgowrong.(为了避免不可接受的风险，写一份Z计划——如果出现问题，你将如何重新站起来)”说明的是A计划不成功怎么做。由此可知，A项“所以你应该准备好再试一次”承接上文不成功怎么办，引出下文再写一份计划。故选A。21．B22．C23．D24．A25．D26．C27．D28．A29．B30．B31．D32．A33．B34．C35．B36．A37．B38．C39．D40．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是学校组织出游，但是作者和作者的朋友们意外地在儿童展厅玩儿童游戏，回归童年，释放压力的故事。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们坐在车上等车，担心晚上会很无聊。A.amusing逗人发笑的；B.boring令人感到无聊的；C.exciting令人兴奋的；D.embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据空前的“fearing”和下文的“Couldn’ttheyhave____2____somemoreinterestingwaysfortheevening”可知，作者他们是担心晚上会很无聊。故选B。22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“他们就不能想出一些更有趣的办法来打发这个晚上吗？”我们想。A.facedupto勇敢地面对；B.lookedbackon回首；C.comeupwith提出；D.stoodupfor支持，维护。根据下文“somemoreinterestingways”可知，此处表示“想出一些更有趣的办法”，空格处意为“想出，提出”。故选C。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们进入博物馆后，我原来的怀疑被推翻了。A.searched搜索；B.departed出发；C.avoided避免；D.entered进入。根据下文“Wefoundthemuseumwasreally____5____eventhoughitcontainednothingbutchildren’sexhibits”可知，作者在进入博物馆之后，发现这个博物馆确实给人留下了深刻的印象，与之前所想不一样，所以说“当我们进入博物馆后，我原来的怀疑被推翻了”。故选D。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们进入博物馆后，我原来的怀疑被推翻了。A.doubts怀疑；B.hopes希望；C.designs设计；D.curiosities好奇心。根据上文“fearinghow____1____theeveningwouldbe”可知，作者此前对博物馆之旅有怀疑。故选A。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现这个博物馆确实给人留下了深刻的印象，尽管它里面只有儿童展品。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.ordinary普通的；C.puzzling令人困惑的；D.impressive令人印象深刻的。根据下文“eventhough”可知，前后是转折关系，虽然博物馆只有儿童展品，但是这个博物馆确实给人留下了深刻的印象。故选D。26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我和我的朋友们立即决定探索博物馆开放的展品。A.generally通常，普遍地；B.suddenly突然；C.immediately立刻；D.gradually逐渐。根据下文“decidedtotakeadvantageofthemuseumexhibits”可知，句子表示“我和我的朋友们立即决定探索博物馆开放的展品索”。故选C。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和我的朋友们立即决定利探索博物馆开放的展品。A.hide躲藏；B.trade贸易；C.pack（把……）打包；D.explore探索。根据下文“Wewalkedfromroomtoroom”可知，作者和朋友们探索博物馆。故选D。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们从一个房间走到另一个房间，就像孩子们一样。A.acted表现；B.calmed使平静；C.aided帮助；D.responded回答。根据下文“likethechildrenthatitwasintendedfor”可知，作者和朋友们表现得像孩子们一样。故选A。29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们穿着超级英雄的小衣服，在玩具冰淇淋店里给彼此端上美味的冰淇淋，玩其他游戏。A.droppedoff放下；B.dressedup穿上盛装；C.paidoff得到回报；D.ranaway逃跑。根据下文“insuperherocostumes”可知，此处表示他们穿着超级英雄的小衣服。故选B。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们穿着超级英雄的小衣服，在玩具冰淇淋店里给彼此端上美味的冰淇淋，玩其他游戏。A.expensive贵的；B.tasty可口的；C.false错误的；D.nutritive有营养的。根据下文“icecream”可知，冰淇淋是可口的。故选B。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们穿着超