陕西高一下学期期末考试英语试卷附带答案

第第页陕西高一下学期期末考试英语试卷(附带答案）一、阅读理解GetatasteofthehighlifewithourpickofLondon’sbestspotstoenjoycocktailsinthecloudsnowthatbarsarereopeningonJuly4.BoundaryRooftopBoundaryRooftopoffersrooftopdrinkinginstyle,withaglassroofforprotectionfromthebadweatherandimpressivepanoramic(全景的)viewsofLondon.There’srestaurantseatingfor48,withdinerschoosingfromgrillsandlightermealsdownstairs.Openforbookings:5-11p.m.Mon.-Thur.,noon-11p.m.Thur.-Sun.RadioRooftopBarOneofLondon’smostpopularrooftopbars,withstrikingviewsacrosstheRiverThamesandLondon’simpressiveskyline.Fromsunrisetosunset,guestscanenjoythechangingviewsofthecapitalrangingfromtheShardandStPaul’sdownstreamtotheLondonEyeandBigBeninthewest.RadioofferssignaturecocktailsandaMediterraneanmenuincludingseasonal,locallysourceditems.Openforbookings:noon-11:30p.m.daily.RoofEastRoofEastoffersrooftoploversalittlebitofeverything,fromtheusualcocktailsandstreetfoodstobattingcagesandminigolfcourses—allofwhichareopentothepublic.FeedandwateryourselvesatTheBarbecueClubunderthestarsandpickthebottomlesspopcornoption.OpenforbookingsfromJune26.BusseyRooftopBarThisrooftopspaceisperhapsbetterknownforitscitizencinemaRooftopFilmClub(whetherit’sappearingherethisyearisyettobeconfirmed),butitalsohostssomeserioussummerparties.Plentyofplants,flowers,cocktails,beersandstreetfoodsmakethisspotmorethanaback-upplanwhilenearbyFrank’sCaféisclosed.Bookinginformationtobeconfirmed.1．Whichofthefollowingcanstayopeninallweathers?A．RoofEast. B．BoundaryRooftop.C．RadioRooftopBar. D．BusseyRooftopBar.2．WhatcanguestsdoatRoofEast?A．Playminigolf. B．Seeanexcitingfilm.C．EnjoyLondonlandmarks. D．HavepanoramicviewsofLondon.3．WhatdoweknowaboutBusseyRooftopBar?A．Itserveshigh-qualitycoffee. B．Itisnotbookablenow.C．Itgivespartiesallyearround. D．Itiswellknownasafilmlocation.During20yearsofworkingathisfamily’ssupermarket,JoséLuis-Reig,knownasPep,nevergaveathoughttotheworldofacademia(学术界).Itwasonlywhenvisitingtheclassroomsofuniversitieswithhistwoteenagedaughtersthathesuddenlyfelthimselfathomeamong‘theatmosphereoflearning’.AfterschoolPephadintendedtostudybiologybutwascalledontohelprunthefamilybusinessinstead.Whenhewasatschool,hedevelopedareputationforhelpingothersandsowasinvitedontothelocalradio,wherethepresentersaid.“You’relikeayoungpsychologist(心理学家).”Pepwasnostrangertochange.Thefamilybusinesshadoriginallybeenasawmill(锯木厂).ButwhenPep,then27,wasaskedifhewantedtotakeover,hedecidedtochangethemillintothetown’sfirstsupermarket.Onedayintheshop,theradiopresenter’scommentcamebacktohim.Afterrunningtheideapasthisfamily,heappliedtoauniversityinPalmatostudypsychologyand,aged46,wasaccepted.“Ihadtogetusedtobeingmucholderthantheotherstudents.”hesays.“ButIendeduphelpingtheothersbecauseI’dhadmorelifeexperience.”Pepcametopofhisyearandimpressedhistutors(导师)somuchthathewasofferedajobresearchingandteaching.Now52,andstillinthejob.Headds,“Myonlyregretisnothavingdoneitearlier.”Thetraditionalviewusedtobethat,whilemakingchangesinyouryouthwasacceptable,youshouldthensettleonacareerandsticktoit.Buttodayrecordnumbersof50-and60-somethingsarechoosingtotakeonnewchallenges.Jobsatisfactionbecomesincreasinglysignificantwhenyou’veonlygotafewmilesontheclock.4．WhydidPepdeterminetoreturntoschoolattheageof46?A．Hewaseagertohelpothers.B．Hewastiredofstayingatthesamejobforsolong.C．Hedecidedtoearnadegreeandmakemoremoney.D．Accompanyinghisdaughterstouniversitiesinspiredhimtolearn.5．WhatcausedPeptoquithisdreamoffurtherstudying?A．Failingtoachieveexcellentacademicresults.B．Gettingboredwiththeatmosphereoflearning.C．Thedesiretotryhishandatthecommercialmarket.D．Therequestoftakingoverthefamilybusinessfromhome.6．HowdoesPepfeelabouthispresentsituation?A．Dissatisfied. B．Appreciative. C．Doubtful. D．Confused.7．Whatdoesthetextintendtoconvey?A．Greathopesmakegreatman. B．Abraveattemptishalfsuccess.C．Dowhatyousay,saywhatyoudo! D．It’snevertoolatetofulfillyourdream.Assoonasyoumeet,orevensee,aperson,youformanimpressionofhimbasedonhispostures,gesturesandfacialexpressions.Thisiswhyitisimportanttomakeagoodfirstimpressiononthepersonwhowillbeinterviewingyou.Withinthefirst60secondsofmeetingyou,theinterviewerwillhaveformedanimpressionaboutwhattypeofpersonyouareandwhatkindofemployeeyouwouldbecome,and55%ofthiswillbebasedonlyonyourbodylanguage.Herearesometipstomakethatimpressionagoodone.Firstofall,relax.Thinkpositivethoughtsandyouaremorelikelytocomeacrossasapositive,confidentpersonduringtheinterview.Dresssmartly,asyourappearanceisoneofthefirstthingsaninterviewerwillnoticeyou.Standupstraight,andwalkinwithyourshouldersbackandyourheadup.Trytoavoidslowingdownasyouwalkintotheroombecausethissuggestsfearanduncertainty.Shakehandswiththeinterviewerfirmly.Youshouldhaveapositivehandshakeandawarmsmile.Openingyourcoatorjacketasyousitdownshowsthatyou,too,areopen.Postureisimportant.Youshouldbesittingwellbackinyourseat.Situpstraightandleanforwardslightly,butnottoomuch.Sittingattoomuchofanangleexpressesdiscomfortanddistrust.Twoofthemostcommondefensive（防卫的）signalsarecrossingyourarmsandlegs,sotrytoavoidthem.Anotherimportantissueiseyecontact.Lookingsomeoneintheeyeshowsconfidenceinyourselfandtrustintheotherperson.However,don’toverdoit,astoomuchevecontactorstaringwillmaketheotherpersonuncomfortable.Usemoreeyecontactwhenlisteningthanwhentalking,andwhenyoulookaway,lookdown.Lookingupattheceilingwillmakeyouseemboredorrude.8．Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphistotellreaders.A．whatagoodfirstimpressionisB．howtomakeagoodfirstimpressionC．howlongittakestomakeafirstimpressionD．theimportanceofmakingagoodfirstimpression9．Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoradviseyoutodowhenyouarebeinginterviewed?A．Crossyourarmsorlegs.B．Openyourcoatorjacketwhensittingdown.C．Gointotheroommoreslowlythanusual.D．Avoidlookingattheeyesoftheinterviewerdirectly.10．Ifyouleanforwardtoomuch,itmeans.A．youareverythrilled B．youarereallycomfortableC．youdon’ttrustothers D．youdon’thaveconfidence11．Wherecanwereadthispassage?A．Inanewspaper. B．Inabiography.C．Inachemicalpaper. D．Inafictionnovel.Whenyou’reworriedaboutstumbling(绊脚),youlookdownatyourfeetwhenyouwalk.Similarly,fishalsodosowhentheyswim,anewstudyfinds.Whenwatermovesaroundthem,fishhavetofindwaystostabilizethemselvessotheydon’tgetsweptaway.Iftheyfocusonotherfishorothermovingobjectsinthewater,theymightwronglybelievetheyaremoving.Instead,whentheylookdownandfocusontheriverbottom,they’reabletomorecorrectlyjudgetheirmovementandspeed.“Therearemanymisleadingmotioncues(提示)abovethem,butthemostabundantandreliablesignalsarefromthebottomoftheriver”saysstudyauthorEmmaAlexander,anassistantprofessorofcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity.Researcherswerefascinatedbyarecentlydiscoveredbehaviorwherefishrespondmorestronglytomotionbelowthemthanabovethem.Tocompletelyunderstandthatbehavior,theyturnedtozebrafish,whichareoftenusedforresearchandarewell-studied.TheyhadateamfollowingthefishinalabandanotherinIndiatoanalyzethefishintheirnaturalhabitat.Inthelab,theytrackedfish’smovementsinsideatank.ResearchersrecordedvideosinsevensitesaroundIndia—inshallowriverswherezebrafisharefound.Theyplacedacamerainsideawaterproofcaseandattachedittoaremotelycontrolledroboticarm.Theyputthecamerainthewatertoseewhatthefishweredoing.Analyzingthevideosanddata,researchersfoundthatinboththewildandthelabsituations,zebrafishlookeddownwhentheywereswimmingforward.Theycametotheconclusionthatthefishlookeddowninordertounderstandthemotionaroundthemandthentheywereabletoavoidbeingsweptawayinthecurrent.“Understandingthatabilitynotonlyhelpsresearcherslearnmoreaboutfish,itmayalsogivetheminformationwhendesigningsomerobots.Thefindingoffish’smotionresponsecanhelpusbuildartificialvisionsystemsthatbenefitfromthelessonsofhundredsofmillionsofyearsofevolutionbehindthem.”Alexandersays.12．Whydofishseldomfocusonothermovingobjectsabovethem?A．Tosaveenergyfortheirmoving. B．Tostaystillinthewaterallthetime.C．Toavoidmisleadingmotioncues. D．Toprotectthemselvesfromenemies.13．Whatdidtheresearchersdofortheirstudy?A．TheycollectedavarietyoffishfromIndia.B．Theytrackedfish’smovementsintherivers.C．Theycreatedsomenaturalhabitatsintheirlab.D．Theyinteractedwithfishinpersoninthewater.14．WhatdoesEmmaAlexandermainlytalkaboutinthelastparagraph?A．Thesecretsoffishinthewater. B．Thevalueofthestudyfinding.C．Theprinciplesofdesigningrobots. D．Themeaningofartificialvisionsystems.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WatchBelowtoAvoidStumblingB．ArtificialVisionSystemsAreVitalC．FishLookDownWhenTheySwimD．Fish-inspiredRobotsWillTakeShapeInthedigitalage,ithasbecomeeasyforstudentstofindandcopypublishedmaterial.Copyinganotherperson’swritingwithoutgivingthemcreditiscalledplagiarism.UniversitiesintheU.S.haverulesforavoidingplagiarism.Butlearningtocorrectlyfollowtheserulescanbedifficultforsomeinternationalstudents.Copyrightlawprotectsoriginalworksofauthorshipincludingbooks,movies,imagesandartworks.However,thelawpermitstheunlicenseduseforactivitiesincludingcomment,educationandresearch.Therefore,studentscanincludeasmallpartofcopyrightedworksintheirwritingandresearchiftheyprovidecredit,orcitation(引文),tothecreatorsoftheworks.Manyuniversitiesevenurgestudentstogivecredittowhattheygetfromconversationswithprofessorsorotherstudents.Harvardevenwarnsstudentsaboutcopyingthemselves.Thatis,theycannothandinthesameworkformorethanoneclasswithoutthepermissionoftheirinstructors.Itiseasyforprofessorstoknowwhetherastudenthasplagiarized.First,therearecomputerprogramsthatcomparestudents’paperstolargedatabasesofpublishedwriting.Theprogramscanidentifywhetherstudentshavecopiedpublishedwriting.Second,ifEnglishisnotastudent’sfirstlanguage,aprofessormightrecognizeachangeinvocabularyandwritingstyle.Thepunishmentforplagiarismcanvary.Professorscouldsimplywarnastudentnottodoitagain,lowertheirgrade,ortheymayfailthestudentinthatclass.Inmoreextremecases,astudentmaybetemporarilybannedfromschool.Therearefreetoolsstudentscanuse.Zoteroisafree,open-sourceprogramthathelpsorganizealltheresearchastudentmayuse.Forexample,itcanautomaticallycreatecitationsandcombinethemintoalist.ThePurdueOWLisanotherfreeresource.Manyuniversitiesalsohavewritingcenterswherestudentscanlearnthecitationrules.Andanotherwayistoreadpublishedpapersandpayattentiontohowinformationispresented.Studentsshouldobservewhenandhowcitationsareused,whichcanhelpthemlearntherulesofcitations.16．Whatmuststudentsdowhenusingasmallpartofcopyrightedworks?A．Haveaconversationwithprofessors. B．Askforpermissionfromtheauthors.C．Offercredittotheoriginalcreators. D．Explainthepurposeofusingthem.17．Howcanprofessorsknowiftheirstudentsareplagiarizing?A．Bymakingaspecificcomparison.B．Byrecordingthestudents’learningexperience.C．Bylearningthestudents’firstlanguage.D．Byresearchingintothedatabaseofwriting.18．Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthelastparagraph?A．Thetipsonwhencitationsareused.B．Thewaysofmakingacitationsafe.C．Therulesofusingfreeresource.D．Thefreeresourcesonthewebsite.19．Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．LearningPlagiarismintheDigitalAgeB．CommentingonStudents’PlagiarismC．RealizingtheInfluenceofPlagiarismD．FollowingRulestoAvoidPlagiarism二、完形填空Asasinglefather,Isucceededinkeepingmytwochildrenquietthatnight.ThenIroseslowlyandcarefully,tryingto20makingeventheleastsoundwhichmightmakethemawake.Iftheywereawake,theywould21moresongsandmorestories.Itiptoed(蹑手蹑脚地走)outoftheroomandwentdownstairs.Sittingatthedinningroomtable,Isatdownheavilyinmychair,22thatthiswasthefirsttimesinceIcamehomefromwork.IwassobusythatIhadnotimetomyself.Ihadcookedsomefoodand23them,encouragingtwolittleonestoeat.Ihaddonethedisheswhile24totheirmanyrequestsforattention.Ihadhelpedwiththeirhomeworkandtheirbath.Ihadtoldthemstoriesbeforetheywenttobed.The25wasarelief(轻松)forthemoment.Thensuddenlyitallcrowdedinonme;theextremetiredness,the26oftheresponsibility,theworryaboutbills.IfeltasthoughIwereatthebottomofagreatseaofloneliness.Isatthere,27sobbing(吸泣)nottoletthemknowit.Justthen,apairoflittlearmswentaroundmymiddleandalittlefacelookedupatme.Iwas28tobeseencryingbymyson.“I’msorry,Ethan,Idon’tknowyouwerestillawake.Idon’t29tocry.I’msorry.I’mjustalittlesadtonight.”“Itdoesn’tmatter.It’sokaytocry,you’remy30andalsoanordinaryperson.”Ican’t31howhappyhemademe,andthisinnocent(天真无邪的)littleboy,gaveme32tocry.HeseemedtobesayingthatIdidn’thavetoalwaysbe33,andthatitwasoccasionallypossibletoallowmyselftoletoutmy34andfeelweak.20．A．regret B．avoid C．keep D．forget21．A．askfor B．payfor C．pointout D．missout22．A．proud B．sure C．afraid D．aware23．A．described B．changed C．served D．observed24．A．applying B．responding C．turning D．comparing25．A．thought B．meal C．conversation D．silence26．A．position B．manner C．pressure D．effect27．A．secretly B．safely C．sincerely D．confidently28．A．relaxed B．annoyed C．interested D．ashamed29．A．agree B．mean C．choose D．pretend30．A．dad B．uncle C．doctor D．businessman31．A．master B．control C．express D．recognize32．A．direction B．permission C．invitation D．experience33．A．mysterious B．busy C．happy D．strong34．A．feelings B．interests C．opinions D．decisions三、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Thereareallkindsof35(celebration)throughouttheworld.Differentcountrieshavedifferentfestivals.Festivalsofthedeadareheld36(honour)thedeadortosatisfytheancestors.Festivalscanalso37(hold)tohonourfamouspeople．InChina，38DragonBoatFestivalhonoursthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsarespringfestivals39lookforwardtotheendofwinterandthecomingofspring.DuringtheSpringFestivalinChina，peopleeatsuchthings40dumplings,fishandmeatandmaygivechildrenluckymoney41redpaper.SomeWesterncountrieshavevery42(excite)carnivals,which43(usual)takeplaceinFebruary.Whyareallthesefestivalspopulareverywhere?Becauseduringthefestivals,peoplecangettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother,44(forget)theworkforalittlewhile.四、短文改错45．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Iwentshoppingwithmymotherwhowantedtobuyformeapairofshoes.Afterthreehoursoflookingandtrying,wefelttiring.Sowedecidedtofindcoffeeshopandtakeabreak.Whilewaitingforthecoffee,Inoticeahomelessmanoutside.IrememberedIhadfoundacoininthechangingroomandplannedtogivingittotheman.Andthemanrefusedtotakeit.Finally,Isecretputthecoininoneofhisbagandleft.Mymotherpraisedmelater.IthoughtthatIjustdidhowmygrandmotheroftentoldme:passyourkindontosomeoneelse,nomatterhowsmallitis.五、开放性作文46．用你在HistoryandTraditions单元中所学的知识描写一个有趣的、令人兴奋或惊讶的地方。注意：1.词数80左右；2.不得抄袭。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．B2．A3．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了伦敦几家重新开张的著名酒吧的相关信息。1．细节理解题。根据BoundaryRooftop中“BoundaryRooftopoffersrooftopdrinkinginstyle,withaglassroofforprotectionfromthebadweatherandimpressivepanoramic(全景的)viewsofLondon.”（边界屋顶提供风格的屋顶饮酒，玻璃屋顶可以遮挡恶劣天气，并可以欣赏到令人印象深刻的伦敦全景。）可知，在BoundaryRooftop酒吧中，可以在任何天气下保持开放。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据RoofEast中“RoofEastoffersrooftoploversalittlebitofeverything,fromtheusualcocktailsandstreetfoodstobattingcagesandminigolfcourses—allofwhichareopentothepublic.”（东屋顶为屋顶爱好者提供了各种各样的东西，从常见的鸡尾酒和街头食品到棒球练习场和迷你高尔夫球场——所有这些都对公众开放。）可知，客人可以在RoofEast中玩迷你高尔夫。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据BusseyRooftopBar中“Bookinginformationtobeconfirmed.”（预订信息有待确认。）可知，该酒吧的预定信息尚未确定，现在还不能预定。故选B项。4．D5．D6．B7．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了勇于做出改变的西班牙超市老板Pep，在46岁的时候决定放弃经营多年的家族超市去读大学。最终，他实现了梦想。告诉人们实现梦想永远都不晚。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Itwasonlywhenvisitingtheclassroomsofuniversitieswithhistwoteenagedaughtersthathesuddenlyfelthimselfathomeamong‘theatmosphereoflearning’.”(在带着两个十几岁的女儿参观大学教室时，他才突然觉得自己在“学习的氛围中”感到无拘无束。)可知，他陪女儿参观大学时，突然很享受学校的这种学习氛围，进而产生了重回学校学习的想法。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“AfterschoolPephadintendedtostudybiologybutwascalledontohelprunthefamilybusinessinstead.”(毕业后Pep本打算去学生物学，但却被要求去经营家族企业了。)可知，Pep没有去上大学是因为他被要求接手家族企业。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Headds,“Myonlyregretisnothavingdoneitearlier.””(他补充说：“我唯一后悔的是没有早点儿做这件事。”)可以推断出，Pep对现在的情况很满意、很感激的。A.Dissatisfied.不满意的；B.Appreciative.感激的；C.Doubtful.怀疑的；D.Confused.困惑的。故选B。7．推理判断题。分析文章结构可知，文章前5段介绍了经营超市的Pep，在46岁仍选择做出改变去上大学的故事，最后一段是总结段。根据最后一段“Thetraditionalviewusedtobethat,whilemakingchangesinyouryouthwasacceptable,youshouldthensettleonacareerandsticktoit.Buttodayrecordnumbersof50-and60-somethingsarechoosingtotakeonnewchallenges.”(过去的传统观点是，年轻时做出改变是可以接受的，但接下来你应该选择一份职业并坚持下去。但如今，50多岁和60多岁的人正选择接受新的挑战。)可知，这篇文章是想要告诉我们实现梦想永远都不晚。故选D。8．D9．B10．C11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在面试中如何恰当地使用肢体语言。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Assoonasyoumeet,orevensee,aperson,youformanimpressionofhimbasedonhispostures,gesturesandfacialexpressions.Thisiswhyitisimportanttomakeagoodfirstimpressiononthepersonwhowillbeinterviewingyou.(一旦你见到一个人，甚至看到一个人，你就会根据他的姿势、手势和面部表情对他形成印象。这就是为什么给面试官留下良好的第一印象很重要。)”可知，第一段主要告诉读者第一印象很重要。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Openingyourcoatorjacketasyousitdownshowsthatyou,too,areopen.(当你坐下时揭开外套或夹克表明你也是开放的。)”可知，作者建议在坐下时敞开外套来表明自己的态度。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Situpstraightandleanforwardslightly,butnottoomuch.Sittingattoomuchofanangleexpressesdiscomfortanddistrust.(坐直，身体微微前倾，但不要过度。坐姿角度过大会表现出不适和不信任。)”可知，过度前倾说明了你不信任对方。故选C。11．推理判断题。文章第一段“Assoonasyoumeet,orevensee,aperson,youformanimpressionofhimbasedonhispostures,gesturesandfacialexpressions.Thisiswhyitisimportanttomakeagoodfirstimpressiononthepersonwhowillbeinterviewingyou.(一旦你见到一个人，甚至看到一个人，你就会根据他的姿势、手势和面部表情对他形成印象。这就是为什么给面试官留下良好的第一印象很重要。)”告诉我们，第一印象很重要；而第二段、第三段和最后一段则介绍了一些如何给别人良好第一印象的建议。这样的文章应出现在报纸或杂志之类的刊物上。故选A。12．C13．B14．B15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的研究发现，鱼在游泳的时候会向下看，以此来准确判断移动和速度。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iftheyfocusonotherfishorothermovingobjectsinthewater,theymightwronglybelievetheyaremoving.(如果它们专注于水中的其他鱼或其他移动物体，它们可能会错误地认为自己正在移动。)”可知，关注其他的鱼或者移动的物体会让他们认为自己在移动，结合第三段中的““Therearemanymisleadingmotioncues(提示)abovethem,butthemostabundantandreliablesignalsarefromthebottomoftheriver”saysstudyauthorEmmaAlexander,anassistantprofessorofcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity.(研究报告的作者、西北大学计算机科学助理教授艾玛·亚历山大说:“在它们上面有许多误导性的动作信号，但最丰富、最可靠的信号来自河底。”。)”可知，在它们上面有很多误导性的动作信号，由此可知，鱼之所以不关注其它的在它们上面的移动物体是为了避免误导性动作的提示。故选C项。13．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“ResearchersrecordedvideosinsevensitesaroundIndia—inshallowriverswherezebrafisharefound.Theyplacedacamerainsideawaterproofcaseandattachedittoaremotelycontrolledroboticarm.Theyputthecamerainthewatertoseewhatthefishweredoing.(研究人员在印度周围的七个地点录制了视频——在发现斑马鱼的浅河中。他们把一个摄像头放在一个防水的盒子里，并把它连接到一个远程控制的机械臂上。他们把相机放在水里，看看鱼在做什么。)”可知，研究者在印度各地的七个地点录制了视频，观看鱼在干什么，由此可知，研究者是在记录鱼的行踪。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Understandingthatabilitynotonlyhelpsresearcherslearnmoreaboutfish,itmayalsogivetheminformationwhendesigningsomerobots.(了解这种能力不仅可以帮助研究人员更多地了解鱼类，还可以在设计一些机器人时为他们提供信息。)”可知，了解这种能力可以帮助研究者了解鱼类更多，还能为设计机器人时提供信息，由此可推断，最后一段主要讲述的是这项研究的意义和价值。故选B项。15．主旨大意题。根据首段“Whenyou’reworriedaboutstumbling(绊脚),youlookdownatyourfeetwhenyouwalk.Similarly,fishalsodosowhentheyswim,anewstudyfinds.(当你担心绊倒的时候，你走路的时候会低头看自己的脚。一项新的研究发现，鱼类在游泳时也会这样做。)”以及下文中对该研究的分析和介绍可知，一项研究发现，鱼在游泳时会看下面，而且该项研究还可以给设计机器人提供一些信息，由此可知，本文介绍的是一项新的研究发现：鱼在游泳的时候向下看，所以本文的题目为“鱼游泳时向下看”符合文章内容，也概括了文章的主题。故选C项。16．C17．A18．B19．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在数字时代，如何遵守规则而避免抄袭。16．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Therefore,studentscanincludeasmallpartofcopyrightedworksintheirwritingandresearchiftheyprovidecredit,orcitation(引文),tothecreatorsoftheworks.(因此，如果学生向作品的创作者致谢或标注引文，则可以在他们的写作和研究中包括一小部分受版权保护的作品。)”可知，如果学生向原创作者致谢或者是标注引文，可以在写作或者研究中包含一小部分有版权的内容，由此可知要是使用了有版权的内容可以对原创作者致谢或标注引文。故选C项。17．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“First,therearecomputerprogramsthatcomparestudents’paperstolargedatabasesofpublishedwriting.Theprogramscanidentifywhetherstudentshavecopiedpublishedwriting.(首先，有计算机程序将学生的论文与已发表论文的大型数据库进行比较。这些程序可以识别学生是否抄袭了已发表的文章。)”可知，教授可以使用特定的程序，辨别学生是否使用了已发表的写作。故选A项。18．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Therearefreetoolsstudentscanuse.Zoteroisafree,open-sourceprogramthathelpsorganizealltheresearchastudentmayuse.(学生们可以使用免费的工具。Zotero是一个免费的开源程序，它有助于组织学生可能使用的所有研究。)”以及“Manyuniversitiesalsohavewritingcenterswherestudentscanlearnthecitationrules.Andanotherwayistoreadpublishedpapersandpayattentiontohowinformationispresented.Studentsshouldobservewhenandhowcitationsareused,whichcanhelpthemlearntherulesofcitations.(许多大学也有写作中心，学生可以在那里学习引文规则。另一种方法是阅读已发表的论文，并注意信息是如何呈现的。学生应该观察引文的使用时间和方式，这可以帮助他们学习引文的规则。)”可知，尾段主要介绍了可以免费使用的一些工具，学生可以学习一些引文的规则，或者是阅读出版的作品，关注一下如何引文的，学生应该观察引文的使用时间和方式，这可以帮助他们学到一些引文的规则，由此可推断，本段主要强调使用引文安全的方法。故选B项。19．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“UniversitiesintheU.S.haverulesforavoidingplagiarism.Butlearningtocorrectlyfollowtheserulescanbedifficultforsomeinternationalstudents.(美国的大学有避免抄袭的规则。但是对于一些国际学生来说，学会正确遵守这些规则可能很困难。)”可知，首段先引出本文讲述的话题，并结合下文中介绍的各种防抄袭的方法和抄袭的影响以及如何使用引文更安全的方法可知，本文主要介绍的是如何遵循一些规则，避免抄袭。故选D项。20．B21．A22．D23．C24．B25．D26．C27．A28．D29．B30．A31．C32．B33．D34．A【导语】本文是记叙文。作为单身父亲的作者忙完家务与孩子的事情后静思时伤感地哭泣，这时天真无邪的儿子给予了他安慰。20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我慢慢地并且小心翼翼地站了起来，试图避免发出哪怕是最微，弱的声音以免吵醒他们。A.regret后悔，遗憾；B.avoid避免；C.keep保持；D.forget忘记。根据“Iroseslowlyandcarefully”可知，作者慢慢并小心翼翼地站起来是为了不吵醒孩子。故选B。21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果他们醒着，他们会要求(听)更多的歌曲和(讲)故事!A.askfor需求，要求；B.payfor支付；C.pointout指出；D.missout没有参加，遗漏。根据“Iftheywereawake”和“moresongsandmorestories”可知，如果孩子们被吵醒，他们会要求听更多的歌曲和故事。故选A。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在椅子上重重地坐了下来，意识到这是我下班回家后第一次坐下来休息!A.proud骄傲的；B.sure确定的；C.afraid害怕的；D.aware知道的。根据下文“IwassobusythatIhadnotimetomyself.”可知，作者很忙，回家忙活半天后才发现那时是自己第一次坐下休息。故选D。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我做了一些食物然后端给两个小孩让他们吃!A.described描述；B.changed改变；C.served服务，端上；D.observed观察。根据“Ihadcookedsomefood”和“encouragingtwolittleonestoeat.”可知，作者做好了食物，端给两个孩子吃。故选C。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一边洗碗一边回应他们的许多要求!A.applying申请，应用；B.responding回应，回复；C.turning转动；D.comparing比较。根据“theirmanyrequestsforattention”可知，此处指回应孩子们的要求。故选B。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：寂静让我此刻很轻松!A.thought想法；B.meal一餐；C.conversation对话；D.silence安静，寂静。根据上文“Ihadtoldthemstoriesbeforetheywenttobed.”可知，孩子们都睡了，此可的寂静让作者感觉很轻松。故选D。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然间，一切都涌上了我的心头：极度的疲惫，责任的压力和对账单的担忧!A.position位置，职位；B.manner礼仪；C.pressure压力；D.effect效果，影响。根据“responsibility,theworryaboutbills.”可知，作者感受到了责任的压力。故选C。27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我坐在那里，默默地哭泣，不想让他们知道！A.secretly秘密地，悄悄地；B.safely安全地；C.sincerely衷心地；D.confidently自信地。根据“nottoletthemknowit.”可知，作者悄悄的哭泣。故选A。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子看见我在哭，我感到很羞愧！A.relaxed放松的；B.annoyed生气的；C.interested感兴趣的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根据“tobeseencryingbymyson.”可知，被儿子看到哭泣，作者感到很愧疚。故选D。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不打算哭的！A.agree同意；B.mean意思是，意味着；C.choose选择；D.pretend假装。根据下文“I’msorry.I’mjustalittlesadtonight.”推知，被儿子看到后，作者解释说自己不打算哭的。meantodosth.“打算做某事”。故选B。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没关系！哭是可以的，你是我的爸爸，也是一个普通人!A.dad爸爸；B.uncle叔叔；C.doctor医生；D.businessman商人。结合语境可知，这是儿子对作者说的话，即对他爸爸说的话。故选A。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法表达他让我有多高兴，这个天真无邪的小男孩允许我哭。A.master掌握；B.control控制；C.express表达；D.recognize认出，承认。根据“andthisinnocent(天真无邪的)littleboy,gaveme13tocry.”推知，儿子没有因为作者哭泣而小瞧他，因此作者开心得无法表达。故选C。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.direction方向，指导；B.permission允许；C.invitation邀请；D.experience经历，经验。根据上文“It’sokaytocry,you’remy11andalsoanordinaryperson.”可知，儿子“允许”作者哭。故选B。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他似乎在说，我不必总是那么坚强，偶尔可以让自己发泄一下情绪，允许自己的软弱存在。A.mysterious神秘的；B.busy繁忙的；C.happy高兴的；D.strong强有力的，坚强的。根据上文“It’sokaytocry,you’remy11andalsoanordinaryperson.”推知，作者认为儿子似乎在说自己不必总是那么坚强，偶尔也可以哭泣。故选D。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.feelings感情；B.interests兴趣；C.opinions观点；D.decisions决定。结合上文作者哭泣和此处“letoutmy”可知，作者也可以发泄自己的情绪。故选A。35．celebrations36．tohonour37．beheld38．the39．which/that40．as