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2023年高等教育公共课自考-00012英语(一)考试历年高频考题附答案(图片大小可自由调整)第1卷一.参考题库(共10题) First,youselecttheproblemyouwouldliketosolve,thenyoulistatleasttenreasonswhyithasnotbeensolved.(7)Ittakesjustasmuchefforttosolveauselessproblemasausefulone.(8) Maybeoneofthereasonspeoplearesoeasilydiscouragedisbecauseoftheireducation.Duringallouryearsatschoolwewereexaminedtwoorthreetimesayear.Ifwefailedonce,wewereout.(10)Ifwearegoingtomakeprogress,wemustlearntofailintelligentlysothatwewon'tbecomediscouragedatthe99.9percentfailure.8.()A、
Make
sure
the
game
is
worth
the
candle.B、
That
is
a
step
in
the
right
direction,
but
I
don't
believe
it
is
enough.C、
You
take
the
easy
obstacles
first
and
by
a
process
of
elimination
you
eventually
arrive
at
the
one
or
two
major
ones.D、
But
in
selecting
the
problem,
you
need
to
be
sure
to
analyze
it
carefully
to
see
that
it
is
worth
the
effort.E、
Research
isn't
a
physical
thing
at
all;
it's
a
state
of
mind.F、
By
contrast,
all
research
work
is
99.
9
per
cent
failure
and,
if
we
succeed
once,
we
are
in. MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshe(31)acampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts,herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboards(广告牌)(32)thecountry. Theresponsetoherpleahelpwasso(33)thatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300,000(34)ofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideandistheworldslargestyouthenvironmentalorganization. PoehasalsopetitionedtheNationalParkServiceto(35)a"Children'sForest"projectineverynationalpark.In1992,shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993,shewasgivenaCaringAwardforher(36)bytheCaringInstitute. Sincetheorganizationstarted,KidsF.A.C.B.membershavedistributedandplantedover1million,trees!Ongoingtree-plantingprojectsincludethe(37)ofKid'sYards-backyardwildlifehabitats(栖息地)-andKidF.A.C.E.isinvolvedintheexcitingEarthOdyssey,whichisagreatwaytostarthelping. "Startingtheclub(38)outtobeawaytohelppeoplegetinvolvedwiththeenvironment-clubmembersstarteddoingthingslikerecycling,pickinguplitterandplantingtreesaswellasinvitingotherkidstojointheirclub." "Wetrytotellkidsthatit'snotOKtobelazy,"sheexplains."Youneedtostartbeingaresponsible,environmentally(39)personnow,rightaway,(40)youbecomearesource-suckingadult.”C、implementD、beforeE、membersF、beganH、purposeI、overwhelmingJ、effortsL、professional3.TrueFriendship-Recognition Howcanwefindtruefriendshipinthisoftenphony,temporaryworld?Friendshipinvolvesrecognitionorfamiliaritywithanother'spersonality.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes,interests,pursuits,andpassion. Howcanwerecognizepotentialfriendship?Signsincludeamutualdesireforcompanionshipandperhapsacommonbondofsomekind.Beyondthat,genuinefriendshipinvolvesasharedsenseofcaringandconcern,adesiretoseeoneanothergrowanddevelop,andahopeforeachothertosucceedinallaspectsoflife.Truefriendshipinvolvesaction:doingsomethingforsomeoneelsewhileexpectingnothinginreturn;sharingthoughtsandfeelingswithoutfearofjudgementornegativecriticism. Truefriendshipinvolvesrelationship.Thosemutualattributeswementionedabovebecomethefoundationinwhichrecognitiontranspiresintorelationship.Manypeoplesay,"Oh,he'sagoodfriendofmine,"yettheynevertaketimetospendtimewiththat"goodfriend."Friendshiptakestime:timetogettoknoweachother,timetobuildsharedmemories,timetoinvestineachother'sgrowth. Trustisessentialtotruefriendship.Weallneedsomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlives,thoughts,feelings,andfrustrations.Weneedtobeabletoshareourdeepestsecretswithsomeone,withoutworryingthatthosesecretswillendupontheInternetthenextday!Failingtobetrustworthywiththoseintimatesecretscandestroyafriendshipinahurry.Faithfulnessandloyaltyarekeystotruefriendship.Withoutthem,weoftenfeelbetrayed,leftout,andlonely.Intruefriendship,thereisnobackbiting,nonegativethoughts,noturningaway.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes,interests,pursuits,andpassion.()A、TrueB、False4.DrugOveruse ②NIDAviewsmedicationsasapowerfulforceforgoodinthecontemporaryworld.Theyreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease.Theymakeitpossiblefordoctorstoperformcomplicatedsurgerytosavelives.Manypeopleafflictedbyseriousmedicalconditionsareabletocontroltheirsymptomsandbecomeactive,contributingcitizens.NIDApointsoutthatmostindividualswhotakethesedragsusetheminaresponsible. ③Nevertheless,overuseofdrugssuchasopioids,centralnervoussystem(CNS)depressantsandstimulantsdoesleadtoharmfulrelianceinsomepeopleandisthereforebecomingaseriouspublichealthconcern.Althoughthisabuseaffectsmanypeopleworldwide,particulartrendsofconcerntothemedicalprofessionintheUSappearamongolderadults,teenagersaridwomen. ④Thoughitmaybeasurprisetomany,themisuseofmedicationsmaybethemostcommonformofdrugabuseamongtheelderly.DrKennethSchraderofDukeUniversity,NorthCarolinastatesthatalthoughtheelderlyrepresentabout13%oftheUSpopulation,thoseaged65andoveraccountfortheconsumptionofonethirdofalldrugs.Peopleinthisagegroupusemedicationsroughlythreetimesmorethanthegeneralpopulationandhavepoorercompliancewithinstructionforuse.Inanotherstudyofelderlypatientsadmittedtotreatmentprograms,70%werewomenwhohadoverusedmedicines. ⑤Unfortunately,thistrendamongwomendoesnotonlyaffectthoseagedover.Ingeneral,amongwomenandmenwhoareusingeitherananti-anxietydrugorasedative,womenaretwiceaslikelytobecomeaddicted.Inaddition,statisticscompiledfor12—17yearoldsshowthatteenagegirlsaremorelikelythanteenageboystobeginoverusingpsychotherapeuticmedicationsuchaspainkillers,tranquillizers,stimulantsandsedatives.Somepeopleusemedicationsaboutacoupleoftimesmorethantheaveragepeoplebutwithlesscompliancewith().C、getaddictedE、useinstructionF、arealienandutterlyforeign5.MajoredFinance Anincreaseinstudents(11)tostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto(归因于)theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthe(12)systemworks. Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary,accordingtoUCAS,the UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A(13)fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath,thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity,saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were(14)crowdsof400,ratherthantheusual250. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump,withpeople'srenewedinterestin(17)inthepublicsector(部门),whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents(18)schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters,andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon,althougha(19)ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking,theheadofchildtrustfunds,said:"It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto(20)fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."14.()A、financialB、applyingD、minorityF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional6.TrueFriendship-Recognition Howcanwefindtruefriendshipinthisoftenphony,temporaryworld?Friendshipinvolvesrecognitionorfamiliaritywithanother'spersonality.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes,interests,pursuits,andpassion. Howcanwerecognizepotentialfriendship?Signsincludeamutualdesireforcompanionshipandperhapsacommonbondofsomekind.Beyondthat,genuinefriendshipinvolvesasharedsenseofcaringandconcern,adesiretoseeoneanothergrowanddevelop,andahopeforeachothertosucceedinallaspectsoflife.Truefriendshipinvolvesaction:doingsomethingforsomeoneelsewhileexpectingnothinginreturn;sharingthoughtsandfeelingswithoutfearofjudgementornegativecriticism. TrueFriendship-Relationship,Trust,Accountability Truefriendshipinvolvesrelationship.Thosemutualattributeswementionedabovebecomethefoundationinwhichrecognitiontranspiresintorelationship.Manypeoplesay,"Oh,he'sagoodfriendofmine,"yettheynevertaketimetospendtimewiththat"goodfriend."Friendshiptakestime:timetogettoknoweachother,timetobuildsharedmemories,timetoinvestineachother'sgrowth. Trustisessentialtotruefriendship.Weallneedsomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlives,thoughts,feelings,andfrustrations.Weneedtobeabletoshareourdeepestsecretswithsomeone,withoutworryingthatthosesecretswillendupontheInternetthenextday!Failingtobetrustworthywiththoseintimatesecretscandestroyafriendshipinahurry.Faithfulnessandloyaltyarekeystotruefriendship.Withoutthem,weoftenfeelbetrayed,leftout,andlonely.Intruefriendship,thereisnobackbiting,nonegativethoughts,noturningaway. Truefriendshiprequirescertainaccountabilityfactors.Realfriendsencourageoneanotherandforgiveoneanotherwheretherehasbeenanoffense.Genuinefriendshipsupportsduringtimesofstruggle.Friendsaredependable.Intruefriendship,unconditionallovedevelops.Weloveourfriendsnomatterwhatandwealwayswantthebestforourfriends.Truefriendshiprequiresaccountabilityfreefactors.()A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven7.LiteracyVolunteer Asweworkedtogether,learninghowtoreadbuiltJane'sself-confidence,whichencouragedhertocontinueinherstudies.Shebegantomakerapidprogressandwasevenabletotakethebustothesupermarket.Afterthissuccessfultrip,shereportedhowself-confidentshefelt.Attheendoftheprogram,shebeganhelpingheryoungestson,Tony,ashyfirstgrader,withhisreading.Shesatwithhimbeforehewenttosleepandtogethertheywouldreadbedtimestories.Whenhiseyesbecamewidewithexcitementasshereadpridewaswrittenalloverherface,andshebegantoseehowherownhardworkinlearningtoreadpaidoff.Asshedescribedthisexperience,Iwasproudofmyself,too.IfoundthathelpingJanetobuildherself-confidencewasmorerewardingthananythingIhadeverdonebefore. Asaliteracyvolunteer,Ilearnedagreatdealaboutteachingandhelpingothers.Infact,ImayhavelearnedmorefromtheexperiencethanJanedid.Iftheproducthadadifferentlabel,shewouldnotrecognizeitastheproductshewanted.()A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven8.Camping Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworldand,atitsbest,itmakeslittleenvironmentalinfluence.Butwithincreasingnumbersofpeoplewantingtoescapeintothewilderness,itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttocampunobtrusively(不引人注目地)andleavenomark. Wildcampingisnotpermittedinmanyplaces,particularlyincrowdedlowlandBritain.Whereveryouare,findoutaboutorganizationsresponsibleformanagingwildspaces,andcontactthemtofindouttheirpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding.Forexample,itisfinetocampwildinremotepartsofScotland,butinEnglandyoumustaskthelandowner'spermission,exceptinnationalparks. Campingisabouthavingrelaxation,sleepingoutdoors,experiencingbadweather,andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy,fully-equippedcampsite(野营地)seemstogoagainstthis,soseekoutsmaller,moreremoteplaceswitheasyaccesstoopenspacesandperhapsbeaches.Betterstill,findacampsitewithnoroadaccess:walkinginmakesarealadventure. Findingtherightspottocampisthefirststeptoguaranteeingagoodnight'ssleep.Chooseacampsitewithprivacyandminimuminfluenceonothersandtheenvironment.Trytouseanareawherepeoplehaveobviouslycampedbeforeratherthancreatinganewspot.Whencampinginwoodland,avoidstandingdeadtrees,whichmayfallonawindynight.Avoidanimalrunsandcaves,andpossiblehomesofbitinginsects.Makesureyouhavemostprotectiononthewindwardside.Ifyoumakeafire,dosodownwindofyourshelter,alwaysconsiderwhatinfluenceyoumighthaveonthenaturalworld.Avoiddamagingplants.Agoodcampsiteisfound,notmade—changingitshouldbeunnecessary.Findingacampsitewithnoroadaccessisbetterstill.()A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven9.MajoredFinance UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A(13)fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath,thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity,saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were(14)crowdsof400,ratherthantheusual250. "Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenot(15)majors,whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporary(16)inawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydone,"headded. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump,withpeople'srenewedinterestin(17)inthepublicsector(部门),whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents(18)schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters,andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon,althougha(19)ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking,theheadofchildtrustfunds,said:"It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto(20)fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."19.()A、financialB、applyingC、careersD、minorityF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional10.ABridgeforSquirrels SanFranciscohasitscablecars.Seattlehasits
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