2023年高等教育公共课自考-00012英语(一)考试历年高频考题附答案

2023年高等教育公共课自考-00012英语(一)考试历年高频考题附答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.参考题库(共10题) First，youselecttheproblemyouwouldliketosolve，thenyoulistatleasttenreasonswhyithasnotbeensolved.（7）Ittakesjustasmuchefforttosolveauselessproblemasausefulone.（8） Maybeoneofthereasonspeoplearesoeasilydiscouragedisbecauseoftheireducation.Duringallouryearsatschoolwewereexaminedtwoorthreetimesayear.Ifwefailedonce，wewereout.（10）Ifwearegoingtomakeprogress，wemustlearntofailintelligentlysothatwewon'tbecomediscouragedatthe99.9percentfailure.8.（）A、

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in. MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshe（31）acampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts，herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboards（广告牌）（32）thecountry. Theresponsetoherpleahelpwasso（33）thatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment（KidsF.A.C.E.）in1989.Therearenow300，000（34）ofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideandistheworldslargestyouthenvironmentalorganization. PoehasalsopetitionedtheNationalParkServiceto（35）a"Children'sForest"projectineverynationalpark.In1992，shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993，shewasgivenaCaringAwardforher（36）bytheCaringInstitute. Sincetheorganizationstarted，KidsF.A.C.B.membershavedistributedandplantedover1million，trees!Ongoingtree-plantingprojectsincludethe（37）ofKid'sYards-backyardwildlifehabitats（栖息地）-andKidF.A.C.E.isinvolvedintheexcitingEarthOdyssey，whichisagreatwaytostarthelping. "Startingtheclub（38）outtobeawaytohelppeoplegetinvolvedwiththeenvironment-clubmembersstarteddoingthingslikerecycling，pickinguplitterandplantingtreesaswellasinvitingotherkidstojointheirclub." "Wetrytotellkidsthatit'snotOKtobelazy，"sheexplains."Youneedtostartbeingaresponsible，environmentally（39）personnow，rightaway，（40）youbecomearesource-suckingadult.”C、implementD、beforeE、membersF、beganH、purposeI、overwhelmingJ、effortsL、professional3.TrueFriendship-Recognition Howcanwefindtruefriendshipinthisoftenphony，temporaryworld？Friendshipinvolvesrecognitionorfamiliaritywithanother'spersonality.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes，interests，pursuits，andpassion. Howcanwerecognizepotentialfriendship？Signsincludeamutualdesireforcompanionshipandperhapsacommonbondofsomekind.Beyondthat，genuinefriendshipinvolvesasharedsenseofcaringandconcern，adesiretoseeoneanothergrowanddevelop，andahopeforeachothertosucceedinallaspectsoflife.Truefriendshipinvolvesaction：doingsomethingforsomeoneelsewhileexpectingnothinginreturn；sharingthoughtsandfeelingswithoutfearofjudgementornegativecriticism. Truefriendshipinvolvesrelationship.Thosemutualattributeswementionedabovebecomethefoundationinwhichrecognitiontranspiresintorelationship.Manypeoplesay，"Oh，he'sagoodfriendofmine，"yettheynevertaketimetospendtimewiththat"goodfriend."Friendshiptakestime：timetogettoknoweachother，timetobuildsharedmemories，timetoinvestineachother'sgrowth. Trustisessentialtotruefriendship.Weallneedsomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlives，thoughts，feelings，andfrustrations.Weneedtobeabletoshareourdeepestsecretswithsomeone，withoutworryingthatthosesecretswillendupontheInternetthenextday!Failingtobetrustworthywiththoseintimatesecretscandestroyafriendshipinahurry.Faithfulnessandloyaltyarekeystotruefriendship.Withoutthem，weoftenfeelbetrayed，leftout，andlonely.Intruefriendship，thereisnobackbiting，nonegativethoughts，noturningaway.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes，interests，pursuits，andpassion.（）A、TrueB、False4.DrugOveruse ②NIDAviewsmedicationsasapowerfulforceforgoodinthecontemporaryworld.Theyreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease.Theymakeitpossiblefordoctorstoperformcomplicatedsurgerytosavelives.Manypeopleafflictedbyseriousmedicalconditionsareabletocontroltheirsymptomsandbecomeactive，contributingcitizens.NIDApointsoutthatmostindividualswhotakethesedragsusetheminaresponsible. ③Nevertheless，overuseofdrugssuchasopioids，centralnervoussystem（CNS）depressantsandstimulantsdoesleadtoharmfulrelianceinsomepeopleandisthereforebecomingaseriouspublichealthconcern.Althoughthisabuseaffectsmanypeopleworldwide，particulartrendsofconcerntothemedicalprofessionintheUSappearamongolderadults，teenagersaridwomen. ④Thoughitmaybeasurprisetomany，themisuseofmedicationsmaybethemostcommonformofdrugabuseamongtheelderly.DrKennethSchraderofDukeUniversity，NorthCarolinastatesthatalthoughtheelderlyrepresentabout13%oftheUSpopulation，thoseaged65andoveraccountfortheconsumptionofonethirdofalldrugs.Peopleinthisagegroupusemedicationsroughlythreetimesmorethanthegeneralpopulationandhavepoorercompliancewithinstructionforuse.Inanotherstudyofelderlypatientsadmittedtotreatmentprograms，70%werewomenwhohadoverusedmedicines. ⑤Unfortunately，thistrendamongwomendoesnotonlyaffectthoseagedover.Ingeneral，amongwomenandmenwhoareusingeitherananti-anxietydrugorasedative，womenaretwiceaslikelytobecomeaddicted.Inaddition，statisticscompiledfor12—17yearoldsshowthatteenagegirlsaremorelikelythanteenageboystobeginoverusingpsychotherapeuticmedicationsuchaspainkillers，tranquillizers，stimulantsandsedatives.Somepeopleusemedicationsaboutacoupleoftimesmorethantheaveragepeoplebutwithlesscompliancewith（）.C、getaddictedE、useinstructionF、arealienandutterlyforeign5.MajoredFinance Anincreaseinstudents（11）tostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto（归因于）theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthe（12）systemworks. Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary，accordingtoUCAS，the UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A（13）fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath，thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity，saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were（14）crowdsof400，ratherthantheusual250. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump，withpeople'srenewedinterestin（17）inthepublicsector（部门），whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents（18）schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters，andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon，althougha（19）ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking，theheadofchildtrustfunds，said："It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto（20）fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."14.（）A、financialB、applyingD、minorityF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional6.TrueFriendship-Recognition Howcanwefindtruefriendshipinthisoftenphony，temporaryworld？Friendshipinvolvesrecognitionorfamiliaritywithanother'spersonality.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes，interests，pursuits，andpassion. Howcanwerecognizepotentialfriendship？Signsincludeamutualdesireforcompanionshipandperhapsacommonbondofsomekind.Beyondthat，genuinefriendshipinvolvesasharedsenseofcaringandconcern，adesiretoseeoneanothergrowanddevelop，andahopeforeachothertosucceedinallaspectsoflife.Truefriendshipinvolvesaction：doingsomethingforsomeoneelsewhileexpectingnothinginreturn；sharingthoughtsandfeelingswithoutfearofjudgementornegativecriticism. TrueFriendship-Relationship，Trust，Accountability Truefriendshipinvolvesrelationship.Thosemutualattributeswementionedabovebecomethefoundationinwhichrecognitiontranspiresintorelationship.Manypeoplesay，"Oh，he'sagoodfriendofmine，"yettheynevertaketimetospendtimewiththat"goodfriend."Friendshiptakestime：timetogettoknoweachother，timetobuildsharedmemories，timetoinvestineachother'sgrowth. Trustisessentialtotruefriendship.Weallneedsomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlives，thoughts，feelings，andfrustrations.Weneedtobeabletoshareourdeepestsecretswithsomeone，withoutworryingthatthosesecretswillendupontheInternetthenextday!Failingtobetrustworthywiththoseintimatesecretscandestroyafriendshipinahurry.Faithfulnessandloyaltyarekeystotruefriendship.Withoutthem，weoftenfeelbetrayed，leftout，andlonely.Intruefriendship，thereisnobackbiting，nonegativethoughts，noturningaway. Truefriendshiprequirescertainaccountabilityfactors.Realfriendsencourageoneanotherandforgiveoneanotherwheretherehasbeenanoffense.Genuinefriendshipsupportsduringtimesofstruggle.Friendsaredependable.Intruefriendship，unconditionallovedevelops.Weloveourfriendsnomatterwhatandwealwayswantthebestforourfriends.Truefriendshiprequiresaccountabilityfreefactors.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven7.LiteracyVolunteer Asweworkedtogether，learninghowtoreadbuiltJane'sself-confidence，whichencouragedhertocontinueinherstudies.Shebegantomakerapidprogressandwasevenabletotakethebustothesupermarket.Afterthissuccessfultrip，shereportedhowself-confidentshefelt.Attheendoftheprogram，shebeganhelpingheryoungestson，Tony，ashyfirstgrader，withhisreading.Shesatwithhimbeforehewenttosleepandtogethertheywouldreadbedtimestories.Whenhiseyesbecamewidewithexcitementasshereadpridewaswrittenalloverherface，andshebegantoseehowherownhardworkinlearningtoreadpaidoff.Asshedescribedthisexperience，Iwasproudofmyself，too.IfoundthathelpingJanetobuildherself-confidencewasmorerewardingthananythingIhadeverdonebefore. Asaliteracyvolunteer，Ilearnedagreatdealaboutteachingandhelpingothers.Infact，ImayhavelearnedmorefromtheexperiencethanJanedid.Iftheproducthadadifferentlabel，shewouldnotrecognizeitastheproductshewanted.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven8.Camping Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworldand，atitsbest，itmakeslittleenvironmentalinfluence.Butwithincreasingnumbersofpeoplewantingtoescapeintothewilderness，itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttocampunobtrusively（不引人注目地）andleavenomark. Wildcampingisnotpermittedinmanyplaces，particularlyincrowdedlowlandBritain.Whereveryouare，findoutaboutorganizationsresponsibleformanagingwildspaces，andcontactthemtofindouttheirpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding.Forexample，itisfinetocampwildinremotepartsofScotland，butinEnglandyoumustaskthelandowner'spermission，exceptinnationalparks. Campingisabouthavingrelaxation，sleepingoutdoors，experiencingbadweather，andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy，fully-equippedcampsite（野营地）seemstogoagainstthis，soseekoutsmaller，moreremoteplaceswitheasyaccesstoopenspacesandperhapsbeaches.Betterstill，findacampsitewithnoroadaccess：walkinginmakesarealadventure. Findingtherightspottocampisthefirststeptoguaranteeingagoodnight'ssleep.Chooseacampsitewithprivacyandminimuminfluenceonothersandtheenvironment.Trytouseanareawherepeoplehaveobviouslycampedbeforeratherthancreatinganewspot.Whencampinginwoodland，avoidstandingdeadtrees，whichmayfallonawindynight.Avoidanimalrunsandcaves，andpossiblehomesofbitinginsects.Makesureyouhavemostprotectiononthewindwardside.Ifyoumakeafire，dosodownwindofyourshelter，alwaysconsiderwhatinfluenceyoumighthaveonthenaturalworld.Avoiddamagingplants.Agoodcampsiteisfound，notmade—changingitshouldbeunnecessary.Findingacampsitewithnoroadaccessisbetterstill.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven9.MajoredFinance UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A（13）fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath，thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity，saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were（14）crowdsof400，ratherthantheusual250. "Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenot（15）majors，whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporary（16）inawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydone，"headded. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump，withpeople'srenewedinterestin（17）inthepublicsector（部门），whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents（18）schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters，andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon，althougha（19）ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking，theheadofchildtrustfunds，said："It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto（20）fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."19.（）A、financialB、applyingC、careersD、minorityF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional10.ABridgeforSquirrels SanFranciscohasitscablecars.Seattlehasits