呼吸系统解剖学医学课件

TheRespiratorySystemILIJING，PhDDepartmentofAnatomyjing.li@Sep.15.2009TheRespiratorySystemLIJING，1呼吸系统解剖学医学课件2Constituents:

RespiratorytractLungsGeneralDescriptionFunction:

Gasexchange

PleuraandpluralcavityMediastinumConstituents:GeneralDescript3UpperrespiratorytractNasalpassagePharynxLarynx

RespiratorytractLowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchiUpperrespiratorytractRespira41.ExternalnoseNasalpassage2.Nasalcavity

nasalvestibule(鼻前庭）propernasalcavity(固有鼻腔）nasalseptum（鼻中隔）lateralwallofnasalcavity3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（额窦）ethmoidalsinus（筛窦）sphenoidalsinus（蝶窦）maxillarysinus

（上颌窦）1.ExternalnoseNasalpassag5Back1.Externalnose鼻骨额骨上颌骨鼻侧软骨中隔软骨鼻翼软骨Back1.Externalnose鼻骨额骨上颌骨鼻侧软62.Nasalcavity鼻后孔鼻前庭鼻中隔Nasallimen鼻阈鼻咽LateralwallSeptum固有鼻腔固有鼻腔2.Nasalcavity鼻后孔鼻前庭鼻中隔Nasal7Thenasalseptum

（鼻中隔）ThelongitudinalplateofethmoidboneThecartilageofnasalseptumThevomer筛骨垂直板鼻中隔软骨犁骨2.NasalcavityLittleregionThenasalseptum（鼻中隔）筛骨垂直板鼻中隔82.NasalcavityLateralwall

Nasalconchae(鼻甲)Nasalmeatus(鼻道)

Sphenoethmoidalrecess

(蝶筛隐窝)蝶筛隐窝上鼻甲中鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻道中鼻道上鼻道2.NasalcavityLateralwall蝶筛92.NasalcavityLateralwall1.Semilunarhiatus半月裂孔

2.Ethmoidalinfundibulum筛漏斗

3.

Ethmoidalbulla筛泡

4.Nasolacrimalcanal

鼻泪管2.NasalcavityLateralwall103.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（额窦）ethmoidalsinus（筛窦）sphenoidalsinus（蝶窦）

maxillarysinus（上颌窦）额窦额窦额窦筛窦蝶窦上颌窦上颌窦筛窦3.ParanasalSinusesfrontal11Theopeningsoftheparanasalsinusesfrontalfrontalethmodialsphenoidalmaxillary3.ParanasalSinusesTheopeningsoftheparanasal12ThebiologicalrolesoftheparanasalsinusesDecreasingtherelativeweightofthefrontoftheskull

IncreasingresonanceofthevoiceProvidingabufferagainstblowstotheface

Insulatingsensitivestructureslikedentalrootsandeyesfromrapidtemperaturefluctuationsinthenasalcavity.

Humidifyingandheatingofinhaledair

Thebiologicalrolesofthepa13OlfactoryandrespiratoryregionNasalmucousmembrane:olfactoryregion

respiratoryregionOlfactoryandrespiratoryregi14Position:attheanteriorpartoftheneck from3~6cervicalvertebrae.Functions:respirationandphonationLarynxPosition:attheanteriorpar15LarynxlaryngealCartilages:thyroidcartilage(甲状软骨)cricoidcartilage（环状软骨）epiglotticcartilage（会厌软骨）arytenoidcartilage(paired)（杓状软骨）LarynxlaryngealCartilages:16AnteriorviewposteriorviewThyroidcartilageinf.cornu下角laminaanteriorangle前角Laryngealprominence喉结Laminaeofthyroidcartilage甲状软骨板sup.cornu上角sup.thyroidnotch上切迹LaryngealCartilages舌骨大角环状软骨Anteriorview17AnteriorviewposteriorviewArytenoidcartilagesandcricoidcartilageCricoidarchCricoidlaminaMuscularprocessVocalprocessVocalprocess杓状软骨环状软骨LaryngealCartilagesAnteriorview18EpiglotticcartilageAnteriorviewposteriorview会厌软骨LaryngealCartilages甲状会厌韧带EpiglotticcartilageAnterio19RolesoflaryngealCartilagesPreventsentryoffoodandliquidsintorespiratorytract Duringswallowing: thelarynxiselevated theepiglottisfoldsbackoverglottisTheframeworkofthelarynxRolesoflaryngealCartilages205.环杓关节1.甲状舌骨膜2,弹性圆锥3.方形膜4.环甲关节声韧带前庭韧带LaryngealArticulation1.thyrohyoidmembrane甲状舌骨膜:2.conuselasticus弹性圆锥:上缘游离形成声韧带3.quadrangularmembrane方形膜:下缘游离成前庭韧带

4.cricothyroidjoint环甲关节:甲状软骨在冠状轴作前倾复位5.cricoarytenoidjoints环杓关节:杓状软骨沿垂直轴向内,外侧旋转2,环甲正中韧带5.环杓关节1.甲状2,弹性圆锥3.方形膜4.环甲关节声韧211.Posteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌

声门裂开大，声带紧张2.Transversearytenoid杓横肌

3.Obliquearytenoid杓斜肌4.Lateralcricoarytenoid环杓侧肌

缩小/关闭喉口5.Cricothyroid环甲肌(外群喉肌)1.Posteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌

拉长、紧张声带6.Thyroarytenoid甲杓肌

松弛、缩短声带Laryngealmuscles1234651.Posteriorcricoarytenoid环杓22LaryngealcavityAdituslaryngis(喉口)2folds—vestibularfold(前庭襞)vocalfold(声襞)2fissures—vestibularfissure(前庭裂)fissureofglottis(声门裂)3parts—laryngealvestibuleintermediatecavityoflarynxinfraglotticcavity会厌杓会厌襞杓间切迹前庭襞声襞喉前庭声门下腔喉中间腔声带voc